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(共31张PPT)
Reading for writing
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Lead-in
We have known a lot about the reasons we explore the universe. But have we ever thought that it is a waste
Activity 1 Look at the picture and answer the following questions.
Lead-in
1.What can you see in the picture
2. Where do you think the picture was taken
3. Why do people take such pictures from space
4. Do you think it’s worth the money and effort
There is a powerful cyclone / sa kl n/气旋 called Typhoon Goni.
It was taken from the space by NASA satellite.
It can help predict the weather, protecting lives and reducing losses.
What kind of passage is it according to the title
Exposition 说明文
Narration 记叙文
C. Argumentation 议论文
Pre-writing
Reading for comprehension
1 Why are some people against space exploration
2 What has space exploration done for food production
3 What did the pictures of Earth from space make people realise
4 How does space exploration benefit the products that people use nowadays
P45 1
1. Why are some people against space exploration
Because they think it is a waste of time and money, and that we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases, instead.
2. What has space exploration done for food production
Satellites study land and weather patterns. These studies help farmers grow more crops and warn them about natural disasters before they occur.
3. What did the pictures of Earth from space make people realise
They made people realise that our planet's resources are limited.
4. How does space exploration benefit the products that people use nowadays
Advanced technology developed for space exploration has promoted technological improvements that benefits us all by allowing products to be made to a higher standard.
3 Underline the sentence that repeats the writer's opinion in the last paragraph.
1 Read the first paragraph and underline the different opinions about space exploration.
2 Find the three topic sentences that summarise the writer's arguments about space exploration.
Studying the organisation and language features.
1
2.1
2.2
2.3
3
P45 2
Study the organisation and language features.
Introduction
Body
(supporting details)
Closing
Language features of an argument
体裁：议论文
人称：第三人称、第一人称
时态：一般现在时为主
要点：1. 论点——
2. 论证
2.1 分论点1+细节
2.2 分论点2+细节
2.3 分论点3+细节
2.4 ……
3. 结论
Tip1: To make our article more object, we should express different opinions about the topic.
Tip2:To make our article more logical , we should use some linking words.
Tip3:In order to make our article more coherent, we should express our opinion and end in the closing part properly.
1. Are these arguments for or against exploring space Put them in the table below. Then add your own ideas and write your essay.
A There are a lot of unsolved mysteries on Earth. So why are we going into space to explore
B It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.
C I cannot understand spending all this money on expensive research and experiments when so many people need food.
D Exploring space encourages scientists to improve technology that can help people in other ways, too.
Use what you have learnt to write about your opinion about space exploration.
P45 3
For space exploration
Against space exploration
B It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out.
D Exploring space encourages scientists to improve technology that can help people in other ways, too.
...
A There are a lot of unsolved mysteries on Earth. So why are we going into space to explore
C I cannot understand spending all this money on expensive research and experiments when so many people need food.
...
Tips on writing an argumentative essay
议论文
议论文的结构一般具有以下特征：
1) 文章第一段以清晰简洁的中心句(thesis statement)提出明确的观点；
2) 文章的开端、主体内容和结论之间具有清晰的逻辑关系和过渡；
3) 主体内容部分的段落要提供支持性论据(包括事实性的、逻辑性的、数据性的和引用的论据)
4) 结论部分会基于前面所提供的论据重申观点。
议论文中通常也会呈现反方观点，同时会提出相关论据加以反驳，以证明已方观点的正确性。
引出话题
简洁、清晰、明确
There is a widespread concern over the issue that 某个主题, 需以句子形式呈现．人们普遍担忧关于……的问题
Nowadays, … is becoming increasingly popular/serious. 现在，……变得越来越流行/严重。
With the development of…, more and more people choose to do…随着……的发展，越来越多的人选择做……
阐明观点
人们对此有不同看法。
The opinions concerning this hot topic vary from person to person.
People take different attitudes towards/ hold different opinions on/ take different views on this problem/this issue.
人们认为……
Some/Most hold the opinion that... 一些/大多数认为……
Some/Most are in favor of the idea that... 一些/大多数赞成……的观点
People who are for/against the idea think that...支持/反对这个想法的人认为……
Some people hold the view that... while others argue that...有些人认为…… 而另一些人认为……
如何过渡
From their/my point of view, there are three factors contributing to this attitude/problem, which are as follows. 在我看来，导致这种态度/这个问题的原因有三，具体如下。
It can be illustrated from the following points. 可以从以下几点解释。
It turns out beneficial/harmful from the following aspects.从以下几方面来说，它是有益的/有害的。
如何衔接论据？
表示递进关系：
In the first place; first of all; to begin with; firstly
what’s more; furthermore; moreover; besides;
what's worse; to make matters worse; worse still
表示列举事实：
such as; for example/instance; take ... for example;
表示解释：
that is to say; in other words
表示观点：
in one’s opinion, in one’s view, from one’s point of view, as far as I am concerned, as for sb, personally
如何增加支撑性细节
①事实细节——列举具体的实例；补充相关信息
I like reading books.
I like reading books, such as novels, short stories, magazines and newspapers.
I'd like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me.
I'd like to seek a pen pal who is interested in traveling just like me. If possible, we can travel together or share traveling experiences.
如何增加支撑性细节
②逻辑细节——补充条件、原因、结果、目的等逻辑性内容
First, it is important to take a Chinese course.
First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students.
Equally attractive are the success stories of world-famous people.
Equally attractive are the success stories of world-famous people, which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.
I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company.
In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company.
如何增加支撑性细节
③数据细节——罗列相关数据
Students took an active part in the writing competition.
Students took an active part in the writing competition. Totally 758 students submitted their works and 100 of them won a prize because of their creative minds and expressive words.
④引用——引用谚语或名人名言，增加说服力和可读性
I firmly believe that you will succeed.
Chance favors the prepared mind. I firmly believe that you will succeed as long as you spare no effort for it.
重申观点，铿锵有力
表示总结：
in short; in brief; in conclusion; in a/one word; to sum up; all in all; on the whole; in general
增强语气：
There’s no doubt that…
There’s no denying that…
强调句
双重否定 Never/By no means can/should we do…
假定你是李华，最近你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探索的意义。请结合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇短文，客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。
赞同者 反对者
1．获得新的知识； 2．从太空取得新资源； 3．扩大人类的生存空间。 1．耗资巨大；
2．宇航员的安全问题。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
导入主题
在前几天的班会上，我们进行了讨论，认为进行太空探索是必要的。
阐述正方观点
1.获得新知识；
2.从太空取得新资源；
3.扩大人类未来的生存空间。
你的观点
agree or disagree
Reason
Structure
阐述反方观点
1.耗资巨大；
2.宇航员的安全问题。
最近你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探索的意义
We had an argument over whether it's necessary to carry out the outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day．
We had a discussion over whether it's necessary to carry out the outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day．
Our class had a heated discussion whose topic is whether it's necessary to carry out the outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day．
The topic of space exploration is becoming increasingly popular recently.
The opinions concerning this hot topic vary from person to person.
Different students have different attitudes towards it.
如何过渡
在前几天的班会上，我们进行了讨论，认为进行太空探索是必要的。
阐述正方观点
1.获得新知识；
2.从太空取得新资源；
3.扩大人类未来的生存空间。
abtain new knowledge
get access to new resources
enlarge living space
阐述反方观点
1.耗资巨大；
2.宇航员的安全问题。
it takes too much money to do ...
dangerous for astronauts
我们中的一些人认为研究外太空很重要。
其次，随着地球上的资源越来越少，有必要在外太空寻找新的资源。
第三，这些探索使我们有可能找到其他适合人类居住的星球。
然而，其他人则强烈反对。
他们认为这种勘探需要花很多钱，这是不值得的。
此外，宇航员在外太空做这样的工作是非常危险的。
首先，人们可以通过探索更好地了解外层空间。
我们中的一些人认为研究外太空很重要。首先，人们可以通过探索更好地了解外层空间。
我们中的一些人认为探索太空很重要，因为人们可以通过探索更好地了解外层空间。
Some of us think it important to explore space because people can have a better understanding of the outer space through exploration.
Some of us think it’s important to research the outer space.First of all，people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their exploration.
其次，随着地球上的资源越来越少，有必要在外太空寻找新的资源。
其次，在那里可以为人类找到新的资源。
Secondly，new resources can be found there for human being.
Secondly, with the resources on the earth running out, it is necessary to find new resources in the outer space.
第三，这些探索使我们有可能找到其他适合人类居住的星球。
第三，这种探索可能在不久的将来为人类生活带来新的生存空间。
Thirdly，this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future.
Thirdly, these explorations make it possible to find other planets which are suitable for humans to live on.
然而，其他人则强烈反对。
然而，其他人却有不同的看法。
However，others are strongly against it.
However, others think very differently.
他们认为这种勘探需要花很多钱，这是不值得的。此外，宇航员在外太空做这样的工作是非常危险的。
他们说这种探索是浪费时间和金钱。此外，宇航员探索太空是非常危险的，所以有时他们冒着生命危险完成任务。
They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration，which is not worth the value. Besides，it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space.
They said this kind of exploration is a waste of time and money. Besides, it is extremely dangerous for astronauts to explore space, so sometimes they risk their lives in finishing the mission.
在我看来，人们应该具有开拓性（pioneering），因此，这种对外层空间的探索是值得尝试的。
在我看来，人们应该勇于开拓。尽管存在巨大的风险和困难，但进行太空探索是值得的。
In my opinion，people should be pioneering，and therefore such explorations into the outer space are worth trying out.
As far as I’m concerned, people should be pioneering. Although there are huge risks and difficulties, it is worth carrying on space exploration.
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day.Different students have different attitudes towards it.
Some of us think it’s important to research the outer space.First of all，people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their exploration.Secondly，new resources can be found there for human being.Thirdly，this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future.However，others are strongly against it.They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration，which is not worth the value.Besides，it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space.
In my opinion，people should be pioneering，and therefore such explorations into the outer space are worth trying out.
The topic of space exploration is becoming increasingly popular recently. People have divided opinions about it.
Some of us think it important to explore space because people can have a better understanding of the outer space through exploration. Secondly, with the resources on the earth running out, it is necessary to find new resources in the outer space. Thirdly, these explorations make it possible to find other planets which are suitable for humans to live on.However, others think very differently. They said this kind of exploration is a waste of time and money. Besides, it is extremely dangerous for astronauts to explore space, so sometimes they risk their lives in finishing the mission.
As far as I’m concerned, people should be pioneering. Although there are huge risks and difficulties, it is worth carrying on space exploration.

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