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太康三高2022-2023学年下期高二月考英语试题
（考试用时120分钟 试卷满分150分）
第一部分：听力（略）
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Memo
To: All Staff
From: Jakie Mok, Secretary; Sports Development Committee
Date: May 20, 2022
A week ago, “Sports for Life” programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then, our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it. Here is a memo for your reference when you answer the phones.
Sports 1:Basketball.
We expect that this will be the most popular of the four sports. Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible. Students will take a private bus to and from Kwun Tong Sports Park. To cover the cost of hiring a bus, each student will have to pay $10 each time. There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each game.
Sports 2:Gym
We will be using St. Peter’s Memorial Park. There are two reasons for choosing this park. Frist, it is not very busy and crowded before 6:00 pm. Second, it has lot of trees with plenty of shade. Students must bring along two bottles of water to prevent thirst. Three activities, skipping, jogging, outdoor aerobics, all of which are free of charge, will be arranged. And there will be a teacher on duty for each of the activities.
Sports 3:Hiking
Hiking will take place at Kowloon Peak. The activity will start at 2:30 pm and finish 90 minutes later. Three teachers will accompany the students, and a hiking instructor will accompany each group of 15 hikers. Each instructor will cost $75/hr. Students are advised to bring plenty of water and sunscreen.
Sports 4: Swimming
The Kowloon City Aquatic Centre is a 10-minute walk from our school. Four teachers will go to the pool and conduct the goings-on from the poolside. We will only be able to reserve the pool for one hour (i.e. 2:45pm to 3:45pm). Only students skillful at swimming can take up this activity. The pool will have two lifeguards present. Girls must wear a swimming suit. The cost is $10 per visit.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Students selecting basketball had better register early.
B．Students participating in gym should arrive at 6:00 pm.
C．Hiking usually begins at 2:30 pm and lasts 2 hours.
D．Students having swimming suits can take up swimming.
2．What can we infer from the passage
A．Students taking part in basketball will walk to the courts.
B．Every student can gain admission to one of the four sports.
C．Hiking students can have a regular rest in the shade of trees.
D．Students taking up the four sports should bring bottles of water.
3．What is the purpose of the memo
A．To attract students’ interest in the programme.
B．To require the parents to select a sport for their child.
C．To help the staff explain the programme to the parents.
D．To remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time.
B
Several ycars ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants (火电厂) were shut down,no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed or fired. Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.
“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs, an author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims (受害者)，we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. But that then “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back.’’ Grey writes. “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will.” he says.
Me I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.
4．Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph
A．To introduce a possible solution to climate change.
B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.
C．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.
D．To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.
5．Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with
A．The experiment against climate change will not succeed.
B．Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.
C．It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.
D．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.
6．Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 3
A．Approval B．Urge C．shudder. D．submission.
7．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．But should we fix the climate
B．Is climate change a real problem
C．How can we take care of the earth
D．What if all the glaciers disappeared
C
Research shows students learn better when they’re well nourished. Healthy eating has been linked to higher grades, better memory, faster information processing and improved health leading to better school attendance, according to registered dietitian Elisa Zied, author of Feed Your Family Right. On the contrary, unhealthy eating habits can negatively affect learning. Researchers have studied many areas related to eating and learning.
Skipping breakfast can have a negative impact on learning. A higher percentage of breakfast eaters passed a biology exam in one study of college students. It’s also important to eat a high-quality breakfast. In a study of students between the ages of twelve and thirteen, the average mark increased as breakfast quality improved.
Even with breakfast, the brain can run out of fuel before lunch. In one study of students between the ages of seven and nine, having a mid-morning snack improved memory. The children who ate a smaller breakfast and lunch but consumed a mid-morning snack experienced a smaller decline in immediate and delayed memory. Attention wasn’t affected, however. Zied recommends yogurt with blueberries; this fruit has been proven to be linked to better memory in studies. A hard-boiled egg is also a good snack choice.
Kids who eat healthily are more likely to attend school. Without proper nutrition and adequate calories, students often don’t have enough energy to power the brain, resulting in tiredness and learning problems. In fact, alertness (机敏) improved significantly in students eating breakfast in one study of high school students published in the journal Pediatrics.
A study of public school students published in the Journal of School Health linked high intake of sweetened drinks, such as sugary sodas, to lower scores in math tests. A diet high in junk food and sugary sodas is also linked to childhood obesity, which could result in lower cognitive (认知的) functioning, according to the Yale University research. On the other hand, students with healthy eating habits are less likely to be overweight and more likely to learn well.
8．What is an effective way for students to improve their memory
A．Eating a big lunch on a regular basis. B．Staying away from junk food in daily life.
C．Eating something healthy at about 10: 00 am. D．Adding yogurt with strawberries to their daily diet.
9．What can we learn from the fourth paragraph
A．Students will have better attendance at school after eating healthily.
B．Students will have a good performance as long as they are well fed.
C．A high-quality breakfast will make a difference to students’ learning.
D．Every student has a strong awareness of eating breakfast.
10．What would happen to students who eat much junk food
A．They would become less confident at school. B．They would grow too overweight to work out.
C．They would become unwilling to attend school. D．They would fall behind other students at school.
11．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The advantages of healthy eating habits. B．The impacts of eating habits on students’ learning.
C．Some suggestions on how to learn better. D．The link between diets and health.
D
Many diseases and medical conditions are caused by things out of our control. Yet experts say you can control and even prevent many of the risk factors that increase your chances of dying. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy — Smile!
Anand Chockalingam is a heart disease specialist at University of Missouri Health Care in Columbia, Missouri. He advises his patients to smile, “When we smile, the brain wiring gets influenced. The chemicals that are released are more positive.” He says smiling is a first step in fighting physical and emotional stress. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies are in favor of Dr. Chockaligam’s prescription (处方) to smile more.
The main cause of heart attacks and strokes are blockages in blood vessels (血管). These prevent blood from flowing to the heart or the brain. The most common reason for these blockages is a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries.
When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (激素) including adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body’s main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response.
However, when stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.
Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish ... smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs or operations. It is free and it has no bad side effects.
“Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, and improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health,” and it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone’s heart health.
12．What does the writer want to highlight in Paragraph 1
A．Taking more exercise. B．Smiling more.
C．Avoiding smoking and alcohol. D．Controlling illness and death.
13．Why is Anand Chockalingam mentioned
A．To show his talent. B．To support a conclusion.
C．To describe several new studies. D．To analyze his patients’ prescriptions.
14．What does the underlined word “these” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to
A．heart attacks B．blood vessels
C．strokes D．blockages
15．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The benefits of smiling. B．The advantages of relaxation.
C．The effect of low blood pressure. D．The way of preventing stress hormone.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A small change can make a big difference to your health and well-being. Take your pick from these easy habits to adopt today.
Stand tall when you’re hurting
____16____. But did you know it can make you better able to cope with pain Contrary to popular belief, say Canadian researchers, curling up into a ball can actually make pain worse. You can adopt a dominant pose — by standing tall and pushing out your chest. ____17____. It may also lead to hormonal (荷尔蒙的) changes that encourage pain tolerance. ____18____
Trying to cut down on alcohol It pays to switch glasses, as well as measures. According to latest research, the shape of the glass you use can influence how much you drink. Picking a straight glass over a curved one enables you to more accurately judge the amounts you’re consuming. Also try drinking from a smaller glass. Bigger ones encourage people to drink more.
Don’t eat in front of the TV
Eating while distracted not only means you’re more likely to consume extra calories.____19____, so you’re more likely to overeat later in the day, according to a review of studies at the University of Liverpool. “If people recalled their last meal as being filling and satisfying, they ate less during their next meal,” says Dr Eric Robinson.
Start a gratitude habit
Not enjoying your job at the moment “Try fighting it with a gratitude habit,” suggests Susanna Halonen.____20____. It will help to shift your perspective, so you’ll soon start to notice things you enjoy about your work and replace pre-work dread with excitement.
A．Switch to curved glass
B．Change your wine glass
C．There are countless benefits to good posture, of course
D．But don’t be attempted to eat your lunch at the same time
E．It also makes it more difficult to recall how much you’ve eaten
F．End each working day by writing a list of three things you feel grateful for
G．It creates a sense of power and control that can make the pain easier to bear
第三部分语言知识运用
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Paris has set a goal of making the Seine swimmable by 2024 when it will host the Olympic Games. If it ____21____ it will be the first time that ____22____ in the Seine is legal in over 100 years. To do that, though, the city will have to significantly ____23____ the levels of toxic (有毒的) bacteria that flow through the river. Then there’s ____24____ treasure hidden at the bottom.
Around 360 tons of plastic are found in the Seine every year.
____25____ for Paris,11-year-old Raphael is on the case. For nearly two years, he has ____26____ nearly every weekend with his dad, ____27____ debris (垃圾，残骸) out of the almost 725-kilometer stretch of water. A typical ____28____ can include anything from an iPhone to an electric scooter.
It all started in 2019 when Raphael saw a video from someone doing something ____29____. So, Raphael asked his parents for ropes, a hook and a powerful magnet (磁铁) that could _____30_____ metal objects weighing more than a ton.
“At first, it was just meant to be a leisurely weekend _____31_____,” Raphael said. “But once I saw just how much _____32_____ there was buried at the bottom of the river, it became like a full-time _____33_____ and I wanted other people to know, too.”
Last October, Raphael was even awarded the Medal of Paris for his _____34_____. While he’s not sure if he can make the entire Seine glisten by the 2024 Olympics, he hopes he’ll be one of the first _____35_____ in the water once it’s declared safe.
21．A．hosts B．finishes C．happens D．succeeds
22．A．touring B．bathing C．surfing D．boating
23．A．improve B．control C．reduce D．change
24．A．reserved B．covered C．trapped D．buried
25．A．Lucky B．Grateful C．Eager D．Ready
26．A．disturbed B．lost C．wasted D．spent
27．A．fetching B．searching C．piling D．fishing
28．A．process B．catch C．campaign D．movement
29．A．similar B．mysterious C．funny D．dangerous
30．A．seize B．break C．lift D．attract
31．A．challenge B．game C．activity D．entertainment
32．A．jewelry B．garbage C．coal D．iron
33．A．job B．hobby C．business D．life
34．A．bravery B．courage C．efforts D．results
35．A．players B．cleaners C．divers D．swimmers
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 2-year-old girl has been rescued from a collapsed building nearly 91 hours after a devastating earthquake hit the ____36____ (coast) Turkish city of Izmir on Friday. Rescuers found Ayda Gezgin next to a dishwasher, ____37____ apparently shielded her from the impact of the damage. Because of ____38____ (lie) in the space called “life triangle”, she survived the terrible earthquake and was lucky to be found by rescuers. Ayda called out for her mother when ____39____ (carry) to an ambulance. “Mom. I want my mom,” she said. ____40____ (unfortunate), rescuers discovered Ayda’s mother’s dead body just hours after the girl’s rescue.
“We heard her voice. We asked her what her name is. She said, ‘I’m fine.’ We asked her to wave her hand and she did,” rescue worker Nusret Aksoy said. The video of the search efforts showed rescue workers crying, praying and clapping as the 2-year-old was pulled from the rubble and ____41____ (wrap) in a blanket.
Ayda, who will turn 3 years old next month, appeared ____42____ (wake) and responsive. Rescue workers said the girl asked for water and Ayran, ____43____ Turkish yogurt drink popular with children. Ayda’s father was not in the building during the quake. He ____44____ (guide) rescue workers through his family’s destroyed home when the rescue happened. Rescue efforts are still going _____45_____ at five of the 17 collapsed building sites in Izmir.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节应用文写作（满分15分）
46．假定你是高二学生李华，下周你将代表班级参加学校以“Science and technology changes life”为题的演讲比赛，请写一篇英文演讲稿，内容包括：
1.举例说明科技对生活的影响；
2.你的感受。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节读后续写（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The gym teacher blew the whistle (哨子) and four students dived into the swimming pool, racing to the other side. Then the next four were up, but only three stood on the diving board. “Where is Ren ” the gym teacher asked in concern.
Ren’s face turned red, and he was unsteady. He looked at the pool and stepped back. “You cannot make me do this!” he said.
Sadie patted him on the back gently. “You can do it! I will help you if you need it.” Ren stared into Sadie’s eyes and he calmed down.
“You can do it. You need to pass this class.” The gym teacher said. Ren stepped on the diving board,vputting his goggles (护目镜)vover his eyes, and the blue cap hid his red hair. The whistle blew and Ren stood there as the other three swam away. Then one boy ran and pushed Ren into the water.
Sadie glared at the boy. “Why would you do that ” A minute passed by and Ren still wasn’t coming up. Sadie jumped in and pulled him out of the water. She gave him CPR (心肺复苏)，and it took a while until water came out of his lungs. Then finally he spat out the water and sat up, feeling dizzy.
Ren looked over at Sadie,who breathed a sigh of relief. “Oh, thank goodness! Why didn’t you use your arms or legs ”Ren stared away from Sadie, looking at the bottom of the blue pool, then looking up at the gym teacher who rolled his eyes.“I can’t swim. My parents never taught me as a kid. We are afraid of water.”
Sadie put her hand on his shoulder. “Don’t worry. I will teach you how to swim. The water is my favourite place to be.”Ren thought for a while, and nodded gently.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Ren and Sadie finished gym class and walked home together:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
The gym teacher blew the whistle and this time Ren dived bravely.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要通过电话备忘录的形式向家长介绍孩子可选择的体育项目以及相关细节。
1．细节理解题。由Sports 1:Basketball.部分的“Therefore, students should be advised to sign up as soon as possible.(因此，应建议学生尽快报名。)”可知，选择篮球的学生最好早点报名。 故选A。
2．推理判断题。由第一段“A week ago, “Sports for Life” programme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play.(一周前，“终身运动”节目被发送给父母，要求他们选择一项他们希望孩子参加的运动。)”可推断出，每个学生都可以参加四项运动中的一项。故选B。
3．推理判断题。由第一段“Here is a memo for your reference when you answer the phones.(这是一份备忘录，供你接电话时参考。)”可知，备忘录的目的是帮助员工向家长介绍孩子可参加的运动项目。故选C。
4．B 5．B 6．C 7．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Jason Box企图控制气候变化的极端例子及科学家对其不同的观点，并阐述了作者自己的想法，即反对人类控制气候，要让地球自我修复。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Several ycars ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10，000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. ”（几年前，来自俄亥俄州的科学家Jason Box将31卷巨大的白色塑料空运到了格陵兰鸟的一座冰川上。他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。他的想法是，白色的塑料会反射太阳光，保持下面的冰凉爽。）并结合第二段最后三句“This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.”（这个所谓的实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。利技不会让我们搭便车）可知，一个名叫Jason Box的科学家做了一个试验，尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川，以达到保护冰川的目的。从而引出后文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨，因此作者在第一段提到Jason Box 的实验，是为了描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段后四句“They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It can’t. Technology won’t give us a free ride.”（他们花了5万美元把运输塑料的直升机送到冰川上。这个所谓的实验给了人们错误的希望认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车）可知，Ralph King认为在环保问题上，技术并不是最终的解决方案更不用说其高昂的成本。故选B项。
6．词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will.”（根据我们自己的意愿去阻止冰川融化听起来有些不对）可知，Grey认为人为控制气候变化是有问题的，故可以推测上句“Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back.”应表示“控制气候的想法会使我感觉不寒而栗”，故shiver是“发抖，战栗”的意思。故选C项。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Me I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, I’m happy not to be in charge.”（我吗 我更喜欢地球自己照顾自己的时候，我想有一天我们将不得不管理这个地方，但此刻，坐在我的办公桌前看着树木疯狂地弯曲，风咆哮着，我很高兴不用去负责管理）并结合上文人们企图控制气候变化的极端例子及科学家对其不同的观点可知，作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，即反对人类利用科技手段控制气候，因此本文主要讲的是人类是否应该控制气候。因此A项“我们应该改变气候吗？”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。
8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了饮食习惯对于学生学习的影响。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“In one study of students between the ages of seven and nine, having a mid-morning snack improved memory.(在一项针对7岁至9岁学生的研究中，上午吃点零食可以提高记忆力。)”可知，上午吃零食可以提高记忆力。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Kids who eat healthily are more likely to attend school. (吃得健康的孩子更有可能去上学。)”可知，吃得健康后，学生的出勤率会更高。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“A study of public school students published in the Journal of School Health linked high intake of sweetened drinks, such as sugary sodas, to lower scores in math tests.(发表在《学校健康杂志》上的一项针对公立学校学生的研究表明，大量摄入含糖饮料(如含糖苏打水)会导致数学考试成绩下降。)”可知，吃太多垃圾食品的学生将会在学校落后于其他学生。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段第一句“Research shows students learn better when they’re well nourished. (研究表明，营养良好的学生学习效果更好。)”可知，本文讲了饮食习惯对于学生学习的影响。故选B项。
12．B 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们可以通过微笑为身体健康提供额外的保护。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Many diseases and medical conditions are caused by things out of our control. Yet experts say you can control and even prevent many of the risk factors that increase your chances of dying. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy — Smile!(许多疾病和医疗状况是由我们无法控制的事情引起的。然而，专家表示，你可以控制甚至预防许多增加死亡几率的风险因素。因此，医生敦促我们吃健康的食物，多锻炼，戒烟，限制我们的酒精摄入量。但你还有别的办法。它是免费的和容易的——微笑!)”可知，第一段作者提到了预防增加死亡危险的因素的医生提出的方法，但是你还可以通过简单容易的，不用花钱的微笑来预防，因此推断第一段作者想要强调更多的微笑对健康有益，故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段的“But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy — Smile!( 但你还有别的办法。它是免费和容易的——微笑!)”可知，作者提出了微笑对健康有益，且容易做到；结合第二段的“Anand Chockalingam is a heart disease specialist at University of Missouri Health Care in Columbia, Missouri. He advises his patients to smile, “When we smile, the brain wiring gets influenced. The chemicals that are released are more positive.” He says smiling is a first step in fighting physical and emotional stress.( Anand Chockalingam是密苏里州哥伦比亚密苏里大学医疗保健中心的心脏病专家。他建议他的病人微笑，“当我们微笑时，大脑回路会受到影响。释放的化学物质更积极。”他说，微笑是对抗身体和精神压力的第一步。)”可知，Anand Chockalingam提倡他的病人微笑，微笑可以对抗身体和精神压力，因此推断作者提到Anand Chockalingam是为支持上一段提出的结论，故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The main cause of heart attacks and strokes are blockages in blood vessels (血管). These prevent blood from flowing to the heart or the brain. The most common reason for these blockages is a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries.(心脏病发作和中风的主要原因是血管堵塞。它们会阻止血液流向心脏或大脑。这些阻塞最常见的原因是脂肪沉积在动脉内壁。)”可知，划线词these指代上文提到的堵塞，这些堵塞阻止血液流向心脏和大脑。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容“‘Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, and improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health,’ and it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone’s heart health.( “一旦人们微笑了，他们就放松了。这种放松直接降低血压，提高血液中的血糖水平。如果我们微笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系，”这可能会为每个人的心脏健康提供一点额外的保护。)”可知，最后一段讲述了微笑让人们放松，降低血压，提高血糖水平，打破压力和健康的关系，提供对心脏的保护，因此可知最后一段讲述微笑的益处，故选A。
16．C 17．G 18．B 19．E 20．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个微小的改变能影响你的健康和幸福感，并提出了几个建议。
16．根据空白处下文“But did you know it can make you better able to cope with pain (但是你知道它能使你更好地对付疼痛问题吗？)”可知上文讲的是主导姿势的益处，与C项“There are countless benefits to good posture, of course(当然，良好的姿势有数不清的益处)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
17．根据下文“It may also lead to hormonal (荷尔蒙的) changes that encourage pain tolerance.(它还会导致能促进疼痛忍受度的荷尔蒙的变化)”中“also”可推出，空白处讲的也是挺胸站立姿势的好处，与G项“It creates a sense of power and control that can make the pain easier to bear(它会让你形成一种力量感和控制感，使得疼痛更容易忍受)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
18．设空句是段首小标题，根据下文“Also try drinking from a smaller glass. Bigger ones encourage people to drink more.(还有，试着用小杯子喝，大点的杯子让人容易喝得多)”可知，本段主要讲的是改变杯子的大小。B项“Change your wine glass(改变你的酒杯)”是本段内容的概括，故选B项。
19．根据下文“so you’re more likely to overeat later in the day(因此你就更有可能在当天的晚些时候多吃)”中“so”，可知上下文是因果有关系，可推理出上文讲的是不知道吃了多少，E项“It also makes it more difficult to recall how much you’ve eaten(它也会让你更不容易想起你已经吃了多少)”符合语境，故选E项。
20．根据上文“Try fighting it with a gratitude habit(试着用感恩的习惯对付它)”可知下文讲的是培养感恩习惯的具体做法，与F项“End each working day by writing a list of three things you feel grateful for(用列举你认为感恩的三件事结束每一个工作日)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了近两年来，11岁的拉斐尔几乎每个周末都和父亲一起，沿着长达725公里的塞纳河水域“钓”垃圾，帮助巴黎实现2024年让塞纳河可游泳的目标。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果成功，这将是100多年来在塞纳河沐浴首次合法化。A. hosts主办；B. finishes完成；C. happens发生；D. succeeds成功。根据上文“Paris has set a goal of making the Seine swimmable by 2024”可知，巴黎制定了2024年要实现让塞纳河可游泳的目标，句中假设如果“成功”。故选D项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果成功，这将是100多年来在塞纳河沐浴首次合法化。A. touring旅游；B. bathing沐浴；C. surfing冲浪；D. boating划船。根据上文“Paris has set a goal of making the Seine swimmable by 2024”和句中“it will be...”可推知，句中说的是2024实现塞纳河可游泳，也可理解为在塞纳河沐浴。故选B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，要做到这一点，该市必须大幅降低流经河流的有毒细菌水平。A. improve改善；B. control控制；C. reduce减少；D. change改变。根据上文“set a goal of making the Seine swimmable by 2024”和句中“the levels of toxic (有毒的) bacteria that flow through the river.”可推知，要让在塞纳河游泳成为可能，就需要减少有毒细菌水平。故选C项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：河床底部还有埋藏的“宝藏”。A. reserved预订；B. covered覆盖；C. trapped使陷入圈套；D. buried埋葬。根据句中“hidden at the bottom”可知，“宝藏”是埋在河床底下。故选D项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：巴黎很幸运，11岁的拉斐尔正在做这件事情。A. Lucky幸运的；B. Grateful感谢的；C. Eager热切的；D. Ready准备就绪的。根据句中“11-year-old Raphael is on the case.”和下文可知，11岁的拉斐尔已经开始清理塞纳河，所以对于要在2024年实现让塞纳河可游泳的目标的巴黎来说，这是幸运的事情。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近两年来，他几乎每个周末都和父亲一起，在这条长达725公里的水域里“钓”垃圾。A. disturbed打扰；B. lost失去；C. wasted浪费；D. spent花（时间）。根据句中“For nearly two years”和“nearly every weekend”可知，拉斐尔和他的父亲花了很多时间清理塞纳河。故选D项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近两年来，他几乎每个周末都和父亲一起，在这条长达725公里的水域里“钓”垃圾。A. fetching拿来；B. searching搜寻；C. piling堆放；D. fishing钓。根据下文“Raphael asked his parents for ropes, a hook and a powerful magnet (磁铁) that could 　10　 metal objects weighing more than a ton.”可知，拉斐尔用的是一种类似于钓鱼的方式来打捞垃圾。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有代表性的捕捞物可能包括从苹果手机到电动滑板车的任何东西。A. process步骤；B. catch捕获物；C. campaign活动；D. movement移动。根据句中“anything from an iPhone to an electric scooter.”可知，句中说的是打捞上来的物品。故选B项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一切都始于2019年，当时拉斐尔看到了一个视频，视频中有人在做类似的事情。A. similar类似的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. funny滑稽的；D. dangerous危险的。根据句中“Raphael saw a video”和下文“So, Raphael asked his parents for ropes, a hook and a powerful magnet (磁铁) that could 　10 　metal objects weighing more than a ton.”可知，拉斐尔是看到视频中有人做了类似的事情，得到启发，所以自己也开始打捞垃圾。故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，拉斐尔向他的父母要了绳子、钩子和一个强大的磁铁，可以吸引超过一吨重的金属物体。A. seize抓住；B. break打破；C. lift提起；D. attract吸引。根据句中“a powerful magnet (磁铁)”可知，磁铁会吸金属物体。故选D项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“起初，这只是一个悠闲的周末娱乐，”拉斐尔说。A. challenge挑战；B. game游戏；C. activity活动；D. entertainment娱乐。根据句中“leisurely”可知，最初拉斐尔把这件事情看作娱乐活动。故选C项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我看到河底埋着多少垃圾时，这就像是一份全职工作，我也想让其他人知道。A. jewelry珠宝；B. garbage垃圾；C. coal煤；D. iron铁。根据上文“For nearly two years, he has 　6 　nearly every weekend with his dad, 　7 　debris (垃圾，残骸) out of the almost 725-kilometer stretch of water.”可知，河床底下埋的是垃圾。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我看到河底埋着多少垃圾时，这就像是一份全职工作，我也想让其他人知道。A. job工作；B. hobby业余爱好；C. business商业；D. life生命。根据上文“At first, it was just meant to be a leisurely weekend 　11 　”和句中“it became like a full-time...”可知，从最初的悠闲娱乐变成了全职工作。故选A项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年10月，拉斐尔甚至因为他的努力被授予了巴黎勋章。A. bravery勇敢；B. courage勇气；C. efforts努力；D. results结果。根据上文可知，拉斐尔和他的父亲两年来一直致力于打捞塞纳河河床底下埋的是垃圾，所以他得到巴黎勋章一定是因为他的努力付出。故选C项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他不确定他是否能在2024年奥运会前让塞纳河闪闪发光，但他希望一旦塞纳河被宣布安全，他就能成为第一批下水游泳的人之一。A. players队员；B. cleaners清洁工人；C. divers潜水者；D. swimmers游泳者。根据句中“in the water once it’s declared safe”可推知，拉斐尔希望塞纳河安全后，他能成第一个下水游泳的人之一。故选D项。
36．coastal 37．which 38．lying 39．carried 40．Unfortunately 41．wrapped##was wrapped 42．awake 43．a 44．was guiding 45．on
46．Dear teachers and fellow students,
I’m honored to share my opinion on how science and technology changes our life.
With the fast development of science and technology, our life has become easier and smarter. For example, I always wear my smart sports watch, which can keep track of my health condition and help me get into good shape. Also, whenever I get home, the smart lock in my house can recognize my face and open the door for me automatically, saving time and labor.
I do believe a better future with the superiority of high-tech in every area of our lives!
Thank you!
47．参考范文：
Ren and Sadie finished gym class and walked home together. Sadie said to Ren gently and sincerely, “as your friend, I hope you can tell me why you are afraid of water.” Hesitating for a second, he shared an experience that he was once narrowly drowned in the river. “Let’s face and overcome it together.” Sadie said firmly. From then on, Sadie tried all means to help Ren. Gradually Ren overcame his fear and he swam freely in the pool. Sadie even encouraged him to take part in the coming swimming race. When that day came, Ren stepped on the diving board and he kept calm and attentive.
The gym teacher blew the whistle and this time Ren dived bravely. He swam to the other side with incredible speed and technique. The gym teacher walked to the other side of the gym and knelt down. “Incredible, Ren!” The gym teacher helped him out of the water, shaking his hand excitedly and cheerfully. “Congratulations, you pass!” Ren held his fist tight and waved to Sadie gratefully with tears in eyes. Sometimes, it is the encouragement and support from your loved ones that help you step out of your comfort zone and overcome yourself, to develop the potential to the fullest.

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