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(共55张PPT)
不定式作定语和结果状语
Learn the rules of to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result
Be able to use to-infinitives in the writing
The teacher told us to read books.
Teaching is my job.
We want to finish the homework quickly.
指出下列句子中的谓语动词和非谓语动词(判断其成分)
The girl making up is very lovely.
谓语
非谓语
To see is to believe.
非谓语
谓语
非谓语
谓语
谓语
谓语
非谓语
非谓语
During a typhoon, you should do your best to keep your head
非谓语
非谓语
谓语
这些非谓语在句子中做哪些成分？
主，宾，表, 定, 状，补
定
宾
主
目的状语
主
宾补
非谓语在句子中做哪些成分？
谓语
动词
非谓语
动词
在句子中充当谓语的动词；
在句子中不充当谓语的动词；
非谓语
不定式（to do)
V-ing(动名词，现在分词)
V-ed
非谓语动词有哪些
非谓语动词
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语使用条件：
一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时
She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.
1. To finish the work on time is difficult.
2. He refused to help me.
3. Our parents expect us to go to a good university.
4. He is always the first to come.
5. He got up early to catch the first bus.
6. I am happy to see you.
7. He hurried to the station only to find the bus had gone.
8. My dream is to go to a good university.
不定式在句子中可以做哪些成分？
不定式： 主，谓, 宾，定, 状, 表，补
动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词后面
Is this the best way to help him
这是帮他的最佳方法吗？
Your wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.
你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。
2.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。
具体的逻辑关系
不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位语关系。
① 名词或代词为动词不定式的逻辑主语(主谓关系)。如：
Wendy was the first student to arrive at school.
②名词或代词为不定式的逻辑宾语(动宾关系)。如：
I have a meeting to attend.
Tip:如果不定式是不及物动词，需要加介词才能与名词之间构成动宾关系。如：
This is a good topic to talk about.
③ 名词与不定式是同位语关系(动词不定式与所修饰的名词指代的内容一致)。如：
I have a wish to go to college.
Who has the ability to do the work
We should have the courage to face any difficulty.
They have found out a way to help the villages get rid of poverty.
常接不定式作定语的抽象名词有：ability, ambition, chance, wish, attempt, decision, moment, need, plan, promise, reason, time, way, courage, opportunity 等。
Clint was the second person to survive in the earthquake.
subject–verb
A person needs just three things to be truly happy in the world—someone to love, something to do and something to hope for.
Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something.
verb–object
The need to love and to be loved is universal.
In order to grow, people need to have a willingness to take risks and to accept the possibility that they may fail at first.
apposition
What is the logical relationship
verb–object
不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间常有一定的逻辑关系。
3.动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。如：
The house to be built there will be a library.
He was the first person to be awarded such a prize.
She made a list of the people to be invited.
4.当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级及the next, the only, the last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
She is the only person to be admitted to the committee.
1.通常放在其修饰的名词或代词_____;
2.与被修饰的名词或代词之间有一定的逻辑关系：________、__________或___________。
3.动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。
4.当中心词是_______或_______________________及the next, the only, the last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
后面
主谓关系
动宾关系
同位语关系
动词不定式作定语
序数词
被序数词、形容词最高级
1. Do you know who is the first Chinese ________ (walk) on the moon
2. Do you have anything ________(say) If not, we will put an end to the meeting.
3. He has no friend _______________(depend).
4. Are you going to the meeting ____________(hold) next week
5. The new building ________________ ( complete) next year will be a city museum.
6. There may be an opportunity for you _______ (see) the famous star.
to walk
to say
to depend on
to be held
to be completed
to see
Practice
动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语，常见于以下结构：
1. 在 too…to… (太……而不能)结构中，表示反面结果，如：
It’s never too late to learn.
The case was too heavy to be carried by a child.
2. 在 …enough to… (如此……以至于……)结构中。如：
I was fortunate enough to get the ticket.
The hall is large enough to hold 3,000 people.
3. 在 never to… (不再......)结构中，可以接后续的结果。如：
He left home, never to return.
She left, never to be seen again.
4. 在 only to… 结构中,不定式常表示没有预料到的结果。如：
I hurried to the station, only to find the train gone.
I rushed to the destination, only to find him not there.
He returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
5. 在 so… as to… 结构中。如：
Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition.
She was so angry as to be unable to speak.
We are not such fools as to believe him.
She won’t be such a careless person as to forget to lock the door.
6. 在 such + 名词 +as to… 结构中。如：
不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：
① ________________(太......而不能)
② ________________(如此......以至于)
③ ________________(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)
④ ________________(如此......以致于)
⑤ ________________(可以接后续的结果)
so/such… as to do
enough to do
only to do
too … to do
动词不定式作结果状语
never to ...
Practice
1. The goods are too heavy ________(carry).
2. I hurried to his house, only ________(find) that he was not at home.
3. I ran to the school, only _____________ (inform) that I wasn’t admitted by Peking University.
4. This man was strong enough _______(lift)the heavy stone.
5. Dinosaurs have died out on the earth, never __________(see) again.
6. He is such a fool ____________ able to answer the question.
to carry
to find
to be informed
to lift
to be seen
as not to be
动词不定式的基本结构 (时态+语态)
主动形式 被动形式
一般式
完成式
进行式
完成进行式
导学案
to do
to have done
to be doing
to have been doing
to be done
to have been done
无
无
不定式的其他用法
不定式
定语
宾语和宾补
状语
主语
表语
To-infinitives as objects & OCs
To-infinitives as subjects
To-infinitives as predicts
To-infinitives as adverbials
目的状语
原因状语
结果状语
不定式做主语
不定式作主语通常有两种结构：一种是把不定式to do直接放在句首的位置，另一种是把不定式放在句末，而在句首的主语位置用形式主语it来指代句末的不定式。
It is important to keep a healthy lifestyle.
To see is to believe.
熟记以下句型：
It is + adj. + to do sth.
It is + a/an + n (pleasure ,pity, crime, honor…) + to do sth
It is +adj.+ for sb. +to do sth.
It is +adj(表人品的)+ of sb.+ to do sth.
It took(sb) some time / courage/ wisdom… +to do sth.
It is no use/good /useful/ useless / a waste of time + doing sth.
每天阅读是很有用的。
1. __________ is my dream _____________(travel) to the moon by spaceship.
2.It is an honor _________(get) the gold medal in the Olympics
3.It is necessary for us _______(be) constantly reminded of our shortcomings.
4. It is no good_____________(pretend) to know what you don’t know.
5.It took them five years ___________(build) the bridge.
It
to travel
to get
to be
to build
pretending
Practice makes perfect
不定式做宾语
跟在一些动词后作宾语
熟记以下单词：
decide，determine，wish，plan，want，manage，try，afford，promise，arrange，desire，pretend，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，fail，agree，forget，prefer，...
it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是位于句尾的不定式，常见动词有find, think, make, consider, feel, suppose, believe 等, 构成V+ it +形容词/名词+ to do sth. 的结构。
不定式作某些特殊动词的宾语时，常用it作形式宾语, 而把真宾语不定式放在句末。
think/consider/ find / feel / make /believe + it + adj / n + to do sth
He finds it easy to solve the problem.
C. 在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what，who，which）或连接副词（how，when，where）及连词whether后面接一个带to的不定式，构成 疑问词+ to do sth. 的结构。
I wonder whether to go to the party. (=whether I should go to the party)
2.不定式作宾语
They are considering what to do next.
Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.
1.We agreed __________(meet) here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
2.Mr. Smith determined ________(go) to the cinema.
3.When his father came in , he pretended ________________(study).
4. I find it interesting ___________(learn) Maths.
5.He considered it his duty _________(care) about the homeless kids.
6.We think it necessary ____________(increase) the salary.
to meet
to go
to be studying
to learn
to care
to increase
注意：不定式作某些特殊动词的宾语时，常用it作形式宾语, 而把真宾语不定式和动名词放在句末。
think/consider/ find / feel / make /beilieve + it + adj / n + to do sth
Practice makes perfect
不定式做宾语补足语
5. 不定式作宾语补足语
My teacher asked me to go there on time.
She was considered to have stolen the money.
常接不定式作宾补的词有：
ask, encourage, force, permit, urge, direct, enable, invite, order, want, wish等
(1)My mom encouraged me ________ (improve)my writing skills.
(2)He often makes his little sister ________(cry).
to improve
cry
作宾语补足语不用to的常见动词：
五看(see,watch ,observe, look at,notice)
三使（室）(make, let, have),
两听(listen to, hear)
一感觉(feel)
考点归纳： 1.感官动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
see,watch ,observe, look at,notice五看
hear listen to两听 feel一感觉
see +
sb do sth
sb doing sth
sth done
看见某人做了某事
看见某人正在做某事
看见某事被做
2.使役动词 + 宾语 + 宾补: have let make三使
⑴ have sb do sth:
have sb /sth doing sth:
have sth done:
使某人做某事
使某人/某物一直做某事
使某事被做
⑵ make sb do sth:
make oneself done:
使某人做某事
使某人自己被…
I saw her ________ (read) an English poem yesterday.
She was seen __________ (read) an English poem yesterday.
He ________(see) to cross the road.
I ________(see)saw him cross the road.
I heard her ________ (sing) a song when I passed by her room.
I heard a song _________ (sing) by a little girl yesterday.
read
to read
was seen
saw
singing
sung
Practice makes perfect
不定式做表语
3.不定式作表语
What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad.
The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution.
My wish is to be a doctor.
For him, the first step is to find an office job.
The main purpose of the meeting was to elect a new manager.
我的愿望是成为一名医生。
对于他来说，第一步就是找一个办公室的工作。
这次会议的主要目的是选一名新经理。
1.George returned after the war, only_______(tell) that his wife had left him.
2. — Is Bob still performing
— I'm afraid not. He is said________ (leave) the stage already as he has become an official.
3. I don't want ________(sound)like I' m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
4. ________(ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city's gas supply system thoroughly.
5. We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition.
6. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _________(break) into small pieces.
to have left
to be told
to sound
To ensure
to find
to break
Practice makes perfect
不定式作目的状语
6. 不定式作目的状语
Tim sat near the fire to get warm.
The athletes practised hard to win the match.
相当于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引导的目的状语.
I got up early so as to get to school on time.
He was so careless as to leave his car unlocked.
不定式作原因状语
8. 不定式作原因状语
After the strong storm, we were very amazed to see that our house was in good condition and our grandparents were very delighted to know that we were safe and sound.
I am happy to see you.
She was sad to hear the bad news.
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语
不定 式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名 词 √ √ √ √
现在 分词 √ √ √ √
过去 分词 √ √ √ √
不定式口诀
本领最多不定式，主表宾补定和状。
样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。
用时千万要当心，有时它把句型改，
作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。
五看三使两听一感觉， 宾补要把to甩开；
疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；
逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb. ;
to前not表否定， 各种用法区别开。
1.不定式一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或者发生在它的后面；
I heard her sing. (唱和听见同时发生)
I expect to come back next Sunday.(“回来”发生在“预计”之后)
2.不定式完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；
Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist,was said to have invented tai chi.
3.不定式进行式：表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；
She seems to be waiting for somebody.
When he came to see me, I happened to be taking a bath.
4.不定式完成进行式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，并延续到那个时候，可能仍在进行；
She is said to have been waiting a novel this year.
She seemed to have been working on a difficult maths problem.
5.主动语态：一般表示主动的意义，但有时也可以表示被动意义；
They began to learn Japanese last winter.
Some stars are too far to see.(= to be seen)
6. 被动语态：表示被动的意义；
The composition contest is to be held next month.
She is anxious to be invited to the ball.
1. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______ (catch).
2. Volunteering gives you a chance ___________(change) lives.
3. The airport _______________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
4. Li Na , the first __________(achieve) a raning of world No.2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September.
5. What is the best way you can imagine __________ (reduce) the overuse of water in our school
6. Bob lifted a rock only ________(drop) it on his own feet.
7. She pretended _____________(read) when the teacher came in.
8. I hurried home, only ________(find) all the furniture had been washed away.
to catch
to change
to be completed
to achieve
to reduce
to be reading
to find
Consolidation
to drop
Anna is interviewing her teacher, Mr Li, about his experiences during a hurricane. Find the sentences with to-infinitives and fill in the table below. The first ones have been done for you.
1
2
To-infinitives as attributives(定语)
3
To-infinitives as adverbials of result (结果状语)
1
2
after
unexpected
P21 B1
作定语
作宾语
作宾语补足语
作结果状语
作目的状语
to find books about hurricanes
to find he was not in his office
to attend
to make PPT slides for my project
P21 B2
was actually the first to leave
to keep us warm
wanted to return home as soon as possible
to find it completely destroyed
advised us to take an active part in the rebuilding
P21 B3

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