资源简介

(共48张PPT)
To read introduction on some simple forms of English poems.
To explore the characteristics of different forms of poems and learn to appreciate English poems.
话题导读
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry l could not travel both
And be one traveler ，long l stood
And looked down one as far as l could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other ，as just as fair ,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
未选择的路
黄色的树林里分出两条路，
可惜我不能同时去涉足，
我在那路口久久伫立，
我向着一条路极目望去,
直到它消失在丛林深处。

但我却选了另外一条路,
它荒草姜苏,十分幽寂，
显得更诱人,更美丽;
虽然在这条小路上,
很少留下旅人的足迹。
话题导读
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh，I kept the first for another day !
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
l doubted if l should ever come back.

l shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence;
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
l took the one less travelled by,
And that has made all the difference.
（by Robert Frost）
那天清晨落叶满地,
两条路都未经脚印污染。
啊,留下一条路等改日再见!
但我知道路径延绵无尽头，
恐怕我难以再回返。

也许多少年后在某个地方,
我将轻声叹息将往事回顾:
一片树林里分出两条路——
而我选择了人迹更少的一条,
从此决定了我一生的道路。
(作者:罗伯特·弗罗斯特)
阅读障碍词
bend vt. & vi. (使) 拐弯，弯曲
make all the difference 关系重大，大不相同
Section I
Reading and Thinking
Read the passage quickly, and answer the questions:
What is the main idea of the reading passage
The text is mainly about ______________________________________________________________________________
The characteristics of five forms of English Poems and examples of these poems.
Read the passage quickly, and answer the questions:
2. There are five kinds of poems talked about in the passage. What are they
A．_______________　 B．_____________
C．_______________ D．___________
E．_______________
Nursery rhymes
List poems
Cinquain
Haiku
Tang poems
Read paragraph 1 and translate into Chinese.
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are various reasons why people write poetry[1]．Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression[2]．Others try to convey① certain emotions② ．Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves．In this text，however，we will look at a few of the simpler forms．
【1】why引导的定语从句修饰先行词various reasons。
【2】that引导的定语从句修饰先行词a way。
[助读讲解]　
① convey /k n'veI/ vt. 传达；运送
② emotion /I'm n/ n. 情感；情绪；感情
[助读讲解]　
英文诗歌类型简介
人们撰写诗歌的原因不一而同。有些诗歌讲述了一个故事，或描述了读者心中的某个形象。其他诗歌试图传达某些情感，如快乐和悲伤。诗歌的显著特点通常包括用词简洁，语言描述生动、形象，具备整合的意向，使用明喻和暗喻等文学手法，词、行、韵、节奏等编排有序。诗人用不同类型的诗歌来表达自己。现在我们来了解一下较为简答的诗歌形式。
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English [3] are nursery rhymes(韵；押韵)．They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhymes, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite．[4] By playing with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language．
Read paragraph 2 and translate into Chinese.
【3】a young child learns in English为定语从句，修饰先行词poetry，关系词在从句中作宾语，故被省略了。先行词被the first修饰时，定语从句的关系词宜用that而不用which。如果that在从句中作宾语则可以省略。
【4】句中but连接两个并列分句。but后的分句中，to learn and recite为动词不定式短语作状语，且learn和recite与句子的主语they构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
[助读讲解]　
孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣，它们通常是传统诗歌或民谣。这些童谣（如诗歌A)的语言简单明了，单带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣是因为它们押韵且节奏感强，经常重复同样的单词。这些诗歌可能讲不通，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但是它们容易学，也容易背诵。通过童谣中的文字游戏，孩子们学习了语言。
A
Hush，little baby，don't say a word，
Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird.
If that mockingbird won't sing，
Papa's going to buy you a diamond ring.
If that diamond ring turns to brass，
Papa's going to buy you a looking glass.
If that looking- glass gets broke，
Papa's going to buy you a billy goat.
If that billy goat won’t pull，
Papa’s gonna buy you a cart and bull
A
嘘，小宝贝，别说话，
爸爸去给你买只嘲鸟。
如果嘲鸟不唱歌，
爸爸去给你买枚钻戒。
如果钻戒变成黄铜，
爸爸去给你买面镜子。
如果镜子打碎了，
爸爸去给你买只公山羊。
如果公山羊拽不动，
爸爸去给你买架牛车。
One of the simplest kinds of poem is called the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme[5]. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem[6]. Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not．
Read paragraph 3 and translate into Chinese.
[助读讲解]　
[5] 本句为主从复合句。Which在此引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the “list poem”；该定语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions。
[6]which引导定语从句，修饰repeated phrases。
有种最简单的诗歌交“清单诗”，它包含一系列围绕特定主体的事物、人物、思想或描述。清单诗长度灵活，多件重复的短语，是这种诗具有一定的模式和节奏。有些诗（如B和C）押韵，而有些则不然。
B
Mother
Hundreds of stars in the deep blue sky,
Hundreds of shells on the shore together,
Hundreds of birds that go singing by,
Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather,
Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn,
Hundreds of bees in the purple clover,
Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn,
But only one mother the world over.
George Cooper
C
LIFE
Life can be good,
Life can be bad,
Life is mostly cheerful,
but sometimes sad
Life can be dreams,
Life can be great thoughts
Life can mean a person,
Sitting in court.
B
妈 妈
数百颗星星选在深蓝色的天空，
数枚贝壳齐聚海岸，
数百只鸟儿唱着歌儿飞过，
数百只密封在晴天起舞，
数百颗露珠迎接黎明，
数百只蜜蜂落在紫色三叶草中，
数百只蝴蝶在草丛中翩翩起舞，
但全世界只有一个妈妈
乔治.库珀
C
生 活
生活可能美满，
生活可能悲伤。
生活常常充满欢乐，
但有时令人沮丧
生活可能是梦想，
生活可能是智囊
生活可能是一个人
坐在法庭之上。
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines[7]．With these，you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words．Look at the example (D).
Read paragraph 4 and translate into Chinese.
[助读讲解]
[7]过去分词短语made up of five lines作后置定语,修饰a poem。
另一种业余爱好者易写的诗歌形式是五行诗，这种诗是由五行句子构成的。用这些，短短几句话，你便可以用少量的词语传递一幅动人的画面或传达某种情绪。请看示例（D）。
D
Brother
Beautiful，athletic
Teasing，shouting，laughing
Friend and enemy too
Mine
D
兄弟
爱美，又爱运动
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敌人
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables [8]. It has a format of three lines, containing 5,7, and 5 syllables respectively[9]. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers．It is easy to write and，like the cinquain，can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the very few words．The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
Read paragraph 5 and translate into Chinese.
[助读讲解]　
[8] that引导定语从句，修饰a Japanese form of poetry。
[9] V-ing短语作方式状语。
俳句是日本诗歌的一种，它由17个音节组成。格式分为3行，分别包括5、7和5个音节。它不属于英文诗的传统形式，但是在英文作家中，这种诗也是很流行的。俳句创作起来比较容易，跟五行诗一样，寥寥数词就能呈现出清晰的画面并营造独特的情绪。右边的俳句(E)从日文翻译而来，展示了美丽的蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。
E
A fallen blossom
Is coming back to the branch．
Look，a butterfly!
E
落下的花朵
回到了树枝上。
瞧啊，是只蝴蝶！
Read paragraph 6 and translate into Chinese.
English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F).
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from[10]，you may eventually want to write poems of their own. Give it a try!
【助读讲解】
[10]“With so many...to choose from”为with复合结构，即“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中so many different forms of poetry为宾语，to choose from为动词不定式作宾补。
讲英语的人也非常喜欢中国诗歌，尤其是唐诗。游学多唐诗被翻译成英文，比如这一首诗（F）。
有这么多不同种类的诗歌可选，你也许最终想写属于你自己的诗了。去放手一试吧！
F
Where she awaits her husband [10]
On and on the river flows[11]．
Never looking back，
Transformed into stone．
Day by day [12] upon the mountain top，
wind and rain revolve．
Should the traveler return,
this stone would utter speech.
Wang Jian
[助读讲解]　
[10] where在句中引导地点状语从句。
[11] on and on被提前表示强调
[12] day by day “逐日，日渐”，强调情况逐渐变化。
F
望夫石
望夫处，江悠悠。
化为石，不回头。
山头日日风复雨，
行人归来石应语。
王健
I. Match the main idea with each poem.
Poem A 1. is a description of the uniqueness of a mother
Poem B 2.is a description of a lovely brother.
Poem C 3.describes how a butterfly rests on a tree.
Poem D 4.is a nursery rhyme that illustrate a father's love
for his baby.
Poem E 6. is a description of life
Poem F 5.is a translation of a Tang poem, which describes
a woman who waited for her beloved husband to
come back from a journey.
II. Fill in the blanks with only one word in each blank according to the text.
A Few Simple Forms of English Poems
Type of
poem Characteristics Examples Topics and poetic devices
Nursery
rhyme concrete but creative language A love between father and baby
rhymes, repetition
List poem B
List poem
C
containing a list of things, people, ideas or description
only one mother
rhymes, repetition
life
rhymes, repetition
Cinquain D
Haiku E
Tang poem F
five lines
convey a strong picture or a certain mood
a lovely brother
a format of three lines, containing 5,7, and 5 syllables respectively
a moment in life of a delicate butterfly
a woman waiting for her husband
Asian poetry (Chinese)
the translation has a free form
III. Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.
[分析]
本句是一个主从复合句。句中_____作先行词，that引导定语从句，且在从句中作________，此时that可用________替换。
[翻译]有些诗是叙事或者状物并给读者以强烈的印象。
way
主语
which
2. The language is concrete but imaginative，and they delight small children because they rhyme，have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition.
[分析]
这是and连接的并列句。在and后的分句中，主句谓语动词是________；because引导_________________，从句谓语由两个并列的动词rhyme和have构成。
[翻译] 童谣的语言具体而富有想象力，它们能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵、节奏感强，并有较多重复。
delight
原因状语从句
3．Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
[分析]
定语从句
过去分词短语
Listen to the recording of the text and read aloud the poems.
Recite some of the useful sentences of the poems you like.

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