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完形填空复习策略之一“境”到底
By Grace
一 题型特点
完形填空是一种立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题,它要求考生不仅能理解语篇文意,而且能结合上下文进行逻辑推理。完形填空主要考查考生根据上下文正确使用词语的综合能力、阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。多年来,完形填空一直是考生失分较多的高难度试题。值得注意的是,新高考地区(不包括浙江、北京、天津)的完形填空为15道小题,共计15分,这与全国卷20道小题30分不同,因此考生在做该题时应注意时间的合理分配。2021年新高考完形文章211个词，15个空。
二 考查维度
1.强调语篇阅读,考查考生整体理解文意、连贯思维、把握语境和进行逻辑推理的能力;
2.多角度考查词汇知识,如基础词汇的活用、一词多义、熟词生义等;
3.侧重考查根据语境重建文章的能力,淡化对语法知识的考查。
总之， 完形填空考查的是对学生的综合语言运用能力，但是每一个空格的设置并不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出的某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性。考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，留意暗送的“秋波”，也就是：关键词。所以，我在日常研究与实践中特别对完形的语境考查下了很大的功夫，并进行了一定的概括，我取名叫“一境到底”，分别从微语境、小语境及大语境跟大家分享一下。
Part1 微语境
“微语境”类题目是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话即可找出答案的题目。
【示例1】 About 4,000 meters is the highland 57 ：gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. （2019年全国卷I）
A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
【示例1-1】 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—— 41 six months out of the year. (2019年全国卷III)
A. Only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
【示例1-2】
The tractor was 48 resting against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic.（2020年浙江卷）
steep B. long C. rough D. busy
技巧点拨： 读标点符号：解释说明；就近解释说明
【示例2】
The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 passing interest. (2014 年全国卷I)
A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled
【示例2-1】
Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and 19 them. I helped them see themselves 20 differently , and they built themselves into winners.
19. A. encouraged B. observed C. protected D. impressed
【示例2-2】Occasionally, humans would bring their ill or 35 children to swim with her. And, over time, she would heal (治愈) them. （2016广一模 ）
A. skillful B. clever C. disabled D. shy
技巧点拨： and 和 or 前后的近义词；要及时找寻信号词。
【示例3】 Berlin has been the __48__while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.（2019浙江 ）
A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest
【示例3-1】 I realized that though airports were places of delightful __43__ , they could also be about difficult departure.
A. travel B. arrival C. work D. relaxation
技巧点拨： and 和 or 前后的近义词；逻辑关系转折词while、though等， 要及时找寻信号词。
【示例4】 In winter, Mr. Greenberg does not 40 like other New Yorkers, who look at the sidewalk and hurry down the street.
A.act B.sound C.feel D.dress
【示例4-1】 He taught her how to rely on other _____, specifically her hearing.
A. feelings B. organs C. skills D. senses
技巧点拨: 上下义关联 .
【示例5】The happiest people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just ____ the best of everything.(2010 全国)
learn B. make C. favor D. try
【示例5-1】A person’s feelings ________, in a sense, according to Dr. Green, on the climate.
insist B. depend C. show D. call
技巧点拨： 辨识固定搭配,有可能会在原来的搭配结构中插入较长的文字结构，造成搭配关系的松散现象
【示例6】“I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we __11__ it and gifts.”（2018 课标全国 III）
A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect
【示例6-1】 Eating out in restaurants, for example, is a bit __50__ when she shouts at the waiter for something or talks about people at the next table in a loud voice.
A.disappointing B. embarrassing C.amazing D.rude
技巧点拨： 厘清主谓宾表，认准主语不迷路， 一动加双宾，都要搭配到。
Part2 小语境
“小语境”类题目
通过阅读空格所处的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子(句组)才可找出答案的题目。
【示例1】 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. (2020全国III)
A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
【示例1-1】 However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. (2019全国1)
A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
【示例1-2】On January 31, A musher named Seppala had to 12 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound.....He would die and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across. (2016 北京)
A. enter B. move C. visit D. cross
【示例2】 When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, wrong number!” and move on. But when Dennis Williams 42 a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something 43special .(2018 全国III)
A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed
【示例2-1】 …they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay____ until the emergency personnel arrived… Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move…（2016全国卷）
A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm
技巧点拨： 原词复现或同源词复现 ，如上题 across 与cross；变形近义词复现，如get 与receive/not move 与still.
【示例3】A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the _44damage__ it caused had driven away a number of birds. __45__, the number of snakes had declined as well. （2020新高考 I ）
A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise
答案：A
技巧点拨： 厘清逻辑关系，此题强调递进关系，洪水既导致了鸟的数量减少又导致了蛇的数量减少。
【示例4】
Our 8 roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt. This was harder than it sounds. 11 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d 12expected .
9. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove
11. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move
技巧点拨： 完成动作链，动作链（场面）局部话题一致（工作任务）动作顺序关系。做动词题的时候，还要考虑该动词和其他动词之间的关系，尤其是顺序关系
【示例5】 I used to have 45 times with my grandfather when we lived together. When I was very young, I often enjoyed spending time in his 46 garden , watching the flowers and watering the fruit trees. But as I grew up, I gradually became “selfish”. （2016深圳）
A. good B. hard C. sad D. bitter
【示例5-1】 51 young plants in the dry season was 52 tough for a lone boy. Molai built at the 53 top of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 54 collect rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.
A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
技巧点拨： 抓住段落主题句
Part 3大语境
“大语境”类题目
指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇才能找到正确答案的题目。
【示例1】
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which at Easter time, __41_little bunny cakes for all its __42_ throughout Cleveland.（2020年新高考 I）
41. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved
42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens
技巧点拨： 充分利用文章首句信息，从收据中提取重要信息。
【示例2】
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, ...
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be easy to use. ...
Then the writing point of the pen should...
_52__ ,the pen should make a thick, dark line.(2010 安徽)
52 A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally
技巧点拨： 关注文章结构，此文中First of all...Then...Finally...
【示例3】
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 41principle at work in people of all 42 . For example, on Christmas morning, children ……. Adolescents enter high school ……. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 52 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, … Before people retire, …. (2014 I)
42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages
52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees
技巧点拨：关注文章写作顺序,上面这篇文章以时间为轴，年龄为序，观察出它的写作顺序，很容易选择出42和52题的答案。
【示例4】
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____41____ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its ____42____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____43____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____44____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____45____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____46____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____47____.
Our____48____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____49____ bunny from the belt. This was _____50_____ than it sounds._____51_____ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d _____52_____ .
Dad ____53____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood___54_____ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you_____55_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. （2021，新高考）
55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate
【示例4-1】
I was considering this while working as a 41 nurse Just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different ____42___ of gratitude (感谢).
My thoughts were soon 43 put into test. We had a woman patient who was ___44____ from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while __45___to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was ____46_____ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47____ the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___ ,and was ready for discharge (出院)after four weeks.
She was __49____ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her ___50____ at her recovery. As she was ____51___ she was eager to say___52____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she ___53______ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague ____54___ to accept it, saying that we were all just ___55__ our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then____56____: "Oh this isn't for the ___57___ I had. I take that as a ____58____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.''
And there you have it. To many people, 59 saving lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 60 extra and should be rewarded.Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations（2021 全国乙卷）
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
技巧点拨：关注文章主旨大意，如：2021年新高考55题，自上而下判断；而2021年全国甲卷42题，是自下而上根据整个文章推断出正确答案。
Activity3. Summary (总结各个语境的答题策略和技巧）
Cloze test
Activity4.你做出题人!(根据以上所总结答题策略和技巧，制作一篇完形填空题)
Martin Luther King was an important leader of black people in American. He believed that black people and white people should have equal rights. In 1963, Dr King led a march in Washington D.C. A lot of Americans went there to take part in the march . They wanted the government to change the laws that were unfair to black people. Dr King believed in gaining equal rights for all people through peace and not force. When he was killed in 1968, the United States lost a great leader.
Activity5. Self-assessment.(自我评价)
Degrees 掌握（8-10） 基本掌握（6-7） 了解（3-5） 不懂（<3）
Intra-sentence context
Inter-sentence context
Discourse context
后记：个人对完形的内容总结如下：
题中“维纳斯”，残缺有故事！
应对完形填空的策略总结如下：
主旨大意找首段，感情升华奔尾段。
瞻前顾后把空填，一“境”到底大局揽。

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