资源简介

(共40张PPT)
Adverbial Clause
状语从句考点
一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类
定义：在复合句中作状语的从句
功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中 的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句
分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。
从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。
状语从句
时间状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
让步状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
目的状语从句
比较状语从句
考什么
连接词
语序
省略
语气
二：能力要求：
1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语
从句中经常使用的连词
2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句
的逻辑关系,从而能够使用恰当的连词
完成交际.
3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的 用法区别.
一.时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词
1.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc.
It will be two months before he comes back.
It is two years since he smoked.
2. 名词类（由名词词组充当引导词）：the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一…就…); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, etc.
I’ll tell him the minute (that) he gets here.
I started the very moment I got your letter.
3. 副词类（由副词充当引导词）：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一...就...)
4.句型类：no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely… when…, etc. (一…就…)
e.g. I will give you an answer immediately I finish my work.
The machine will start instantly you press the button.
e.g She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted.
No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted.
Scarcely had he gone when she appeared.
注意:用于句首时应引起部分倒装, 且前部分一般用过去完成时
________________________(下课的时候), we began our writing.
John sings________________（边走）.
_________________________（我们看电视的时候）, he was writing a composition.
When the lesson was over
as he walks
While we were watching TV
注意：
1. when, as, while 的区别
when: 持续性／非持续性动词都可
as: 当；一边…一边；随着
while:持续性动词／　进行
2. till, until和not…until小结：
1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：
We waited until he came.
2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：
He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.
3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法：
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
3. 连接词before的小结：
一、含义
1． We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
2． We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
3． Please write it down before you forget it.
4．Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
“……才”
“不到……就”
“趁……”
“还没来得及”
二．Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：
Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
三．1）句型It will be/was＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”如：
It will be two years before he leaves the country.
2）句型It will be/was＋一段时间＋before…“不多久就……”。 如：
It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
4. Since的句型
句型It is＋段时间＋since…时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：
It is three years since she was in our class. 她离开我们班有三年了。
It is three years since he lived here
二.条件状语从句
1. 引导词: if, unless, as long as (=so long as) , in case(that) ,onconditionthat,provided/providingthat,ifonly/onlyif,granted,granting,given,assuming,supposing/suppose etc.
I’ve waited here for about half an hour._____I myself could drive a car!
A.Only if B.If only C.If D.Only
Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind,_____they hunt them for food.
A.If B.while C.unless D.as
2. 非真实条件句中应用虚拟语气
Eg. If you _________（接受）your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have failed the exam.
3. 真实条件句中的时态:
e.g. If it ______（下雨）tomorrow,
I will not go out.
had taken
rains
unless 与if … not 的用法：
If you don’t start at once, you will miss the train.
Unless you start at once, you will miss the train.
unless 在意义上相当于if … not 常可以换用
In case he comes, let me know.
You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before eleven.
I will come again tomorrow provided (that) I have time. (= if)
Supposing (that) it rains tomorrow, what shall we do (= if)
Unless you tell him yourself, he’ll lose faith in you completely.
We’ll let you use the room on condition that / provided that you keep it clean and tidy.
because—直接原因，非推断．语气最强．
　　　　　回答why
since – 通常放句首．译为“既然”
as– 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱．
for– 放句中，引导后半句表原因。
　　三.原因状语从句
1．引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是 because, since, 和as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中 because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。
1. 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since.
2. because可以引导表语从句,而as, since不可以，这时主语一般都是it, this, that
It was ________ he was ill that he didn’t go with us.
It’s_________ he is too lazy.
3. since表示“既然”，只能放主句前.
_______you are here, you must do it.
because
用because, as, since 填空
because
Since
1.John didn’t come to school _____ being ill yesterday.
A.because of B.because C.since D.as
2.---Mum,can I go out to play football with jessica
---No,you can’t ____ your homework is being done.
A.before B.until C.as D.when
3.These two areas are similar______ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A.to that B.besides that C.in that D.except that
2．复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now (that), seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that, that等，如：
Now (that) (= Since) you mention it, I do remember.
Now (that) he is absent, you’ll have to do the work by yourself.
Now (=Since) the rain has stopped, let’s start.
Seeing (that) all the guests have arrived, let’s have dinner.
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
3. 原因状语从句
原因状语从句通常由because, as, since, now that, considering (that), seeing (that)等词引导。
because语气较强，用以回答why问句
as语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显。
since语气较弱，常表对方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”。
for 放句中，引导后半句表原因。
now that 既然 ，表示原因放在句首。
considering that 考虑到／鉴于（ 句首）
seeing that 鉴于／由于／既然／因为（句首）
1. so…that… 与such…that… 的区别
so +adj./adv. +that
so +adj. +a/an +可数名词单数+ that
so +many/much/few/little+名词+that
e.g. It is so hot that we can’t sleep.
It is so interesting a book that she has read it twice.
such +a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that
such +adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+that
such +a lot of/lots of +名词+that
It is such an interesting book that she has read it twice.
There was such delicious food that he had too much.
引导状语从句的连接词有
so that/ so…that…/such…that…
　　四.结果状语从句
用so , such填空：
There were ____ many people in the room that we could not get in.
He made _____ an excellent speech that every one admired him.
She is ____ lovely a girl that everyone in her class likes her.
He has _____ poor furniture that others cannot find a place to sit.
so
such
so
such
His courage is such that he doesn’t know the meaning for fear.
Such 表示程度高
So terrible was the storm that some old houses were destroyed.
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
So such 在句首 倒装
So that 引导结果状语从句表示实现的一件事或一个事实，从句谓语动词一般不和情态动词连用，且从句前多有逗号与主句分开。例如：
He didn’t study hard, so that he failed in the exam.(他没有用功学习，结果考试没有通过。)
He took no notice of him, co that he flew into a rage.
（我没有理睬他，于是他在怒起来。）
注意
　　五.让步状语从句
由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter wh-, whether引导
________most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted. We wouldn’t lose heart ________we should fail ten times.
Although
even if
Although 和though均可以引导主步状语从句，间为“虽然，尽管”但是although较though 正式，更多有于句首，二者昀不可以与but边用，但可以与副词yet, still, nevertheless等连用。
Although (though) he was ill, (sill/yet) he went on working.
注意1
as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。其结构为：
Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.
Child as he was, he had to support the family.
（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）
n./adj./adv./v +as +主语＋谓语
注意2
1.There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely,_____ she was an only child.
A.ever since B.now that
C.even though D.even as
2.____ you like it or not, you will have to give up smoking.
A.If B.Whether C.How D.Why
3.You should try to get a good night’s sleep ____ much work you have to do.
A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever
4.You can eat food free in my restaurant ____ you like.
A.Whenever B.wherever C.whatever D.however
六. 地点状语从句
引导词：where，wherever
I’ll go wherever he goes.
I’ll go where he went.
---Can you tell me ____ are you from
---It is not important _____ I came from.
A.when;whenever B.where ;wherever C.the place ;where D.wherever;where
我要去他去的地方.
他去哪我就去哪.
地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
1.---Where do you plan to work
---I’ve made up my mind to go _____I’m most needed.
A.to the place B.to which C.that D.where
2.I will go to a country for a holiday ____ there are a lot of flowers and trees.
A.in the place B.where C.which D.wherever
辨析:
Go back where you came from.
Go back to the village where you came from.
七.目的状语从句
引导词：so，so that，in order that，that，to the end that，in case，for fear that，lest等。其谓语动词常与情态动词can，could，may，might，should，would连用。(340)
1.I‘d like to arrive 20 minutes early_____ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A.as soon as B.as a result C.in case D.so that
2.John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ____he phones.
A.as long as B.in order that C.in case D.so that
The Shanghaiese are making great efforts to beautify the city____ more overseas companies will come.
A.in order that B.so as to
C.so long as D.on condition that
He studied hard to the end that he might pass the entrance examination.
Take your raincoat in case it rains.
He left early in case he should miss the last train.
I dare not go there for fear that he might see me.
八.方式状语从句
引导词 1：as(象….一样,正如, 按照),as if/as though(好象,宛如)
You must do the exercises as I show you.
Please do exactly as your doctor says.
It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.
He acted as / though nothing had happened.
He walked as if he was / were drunk.
Mary was behaving as though she hadn’t grown up.
Leave it as it is.
He stated thae facts as they were.
He is ,as it were, a walking dictionary.
事实上,按现在的样子
按原样子
插入语,仿佛,好象
注意2
2．在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way (that) (= as = in the way in which), how, like等来引导，如：
Jean doesn’t do it the way I do.
She is doing her work the way I like it done.
You can do the job how you like.
The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.
Do you make bread like you make cakes
九.比较状语从句
引导词:as….as(和…一样),not as/so…as(不如),than(比),the more…the more…(越…越…).这种从句常采用省略句的句型，如：
He looks younger than he is. /He is as old as I am.
He worked as fast as a skilled worker.
The project was completed earlier than we had expected.
He is as young as you (are young).
Please come as soon as (it is) possible.
区别：We know you better than he (knows you).
We know you better than (we know) him.
the…the… 句型也是比较状语从句的一种，例如：
The harder we work, the better we shall serve the people.
其中the 为连接副词，既起连接作用，又修饰后面的副词。
注意省略：
The sooner he comes, the better (it will be).
The higher the ground (is), the cooler the air (will be).
注意
　状语从句中的省略现象
Once ______seen, the film can never be forgotten.
If ________invited, I will go to the party.
She stood at the school gate as if ________waiting for someone.
(it is )
(I am)
(she was)
When ______necessary, I will buy a TV set.
If ______ possible, you’d better come tomorrow.
(it is )
(it is)
---I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.
---____ , let’s go and see him.
A. What’s more B. If so
C. Where possible D. When necessary
Thank you!

展开更多......

收起↑