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(共19张PPT)
Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
分析两种定语从句省略后的结果:
限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略。
非限制性定语从句省略后意义 仍然完整， 所以可以省略。
形式
作用 能否
省略
翻译
限制性定语 从句
非限制性定语从句
逗号隔开
修饰
限定
补充
解释
能
不能
…的
两个句子
无 逗号
Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.
友善的老师受学生欢迎。
Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.
王老师很受学生欢迎，他很友善。
非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明, 去掉了也 不会影响主句意思, 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
引导“非限定”的关系词有：
1. 指人时：
2. 指物时：
which （可指某个词也可指整个主句，
从句只能位于主句之后）
as （表示正如，可位于主句前或主句后）
3. 指地点时：
4. 指时间时：
5. 指原因时：
非限制性定语从句的用法 See Vic. En. P66-67
who, whom, whose
which, as
where = 相应介词 + which
when = 相应介词 + which
for which （切不可用why）
1. The famous basketball star, _____ is an American, came to China yesterday.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr. Black, with ______ she had a wonderful time.
3. I bought a car yesterday, ______ cost me a lot.
4. Xi’an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July, _______ he won’t be so busy.
6. The school, _______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.
7. John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true.
8. The manager’s daughter, _______ name is Ann, gave me a patient smile.
who
whom
which
which
课堂练习
when
where
which
whose
▲ 在 of which / whom 之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词
1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of ______ are quite helpful to my health.
2. Many people, some of _______ are not overweight, are going on diets.
3. There are 54 students in my class, three of _______ come from US.
Other examples:
which
whom
whom
“非限定”使用须知
1. 从句中所有的关系词都不可省略
2. 从句通常不能用that引导
3. 在“非限定”中, 指人的关系代词作宾语时, 只能用宾格whom, 不能用who替换, 也不能省略。
4. 从句不能用why引导, 要用 for which 代替why
5. 从句置于句首时, 不能用which引导; 而要用关系代词 as 引导 (as可放主句前, 也可放主句后)
要点归纳
1) I have a sister who works in a hospital.
我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。
（不只一位姐姐）
2) I have a sister, who works in a hospital.
我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。
（只有一位姐姐）
注意1：有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。
His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.
Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.
注意2:
当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。
as 和 which 可指代整个主句
(= and this / and that)
as 可放在句中或句首, which 只放在句中　
_____ we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, ______ is very important to us.
As
which
注意3: as / which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别
关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。
As we all know, he is a famous scientist.
As is expected, he is a diligent boy.
She has the same book as you have.
as 引导非限制性从句，常意为“正如”。 可出现在句首、句中、句末。常见结构有：
as is known to all
as is often the case
as might / could be expected
as has been said before
as has been mentioned above
as has been pointed out
as can be imagined
as can be seen (from these figures)
as often happens
as will be shown
这是常有的事
正如人们所预料的
正如上面所提到的
正如前面所说的
正如所指出的
正如…所示
The earth is round. ____ is known to all.
The earth is round, _________ is known to all.
____ is known to all, the earth is round.
____ is known to all that the earth is round.
____ is known to all is that the earth is round.
It
which / as
As
It
Compare:
(定从)
(形式主语)
What
（主语从句）
____ we expected, he made a long speech
A As B That C Which D It
He made a long speech, _______was unexpected.
A as B that C which D it
当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
A
C
This is the same book as I lost.
This is the same book that I lost.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
这本书就是我丢的那本。
注意4：非限制性定语从句和简单句的比较
1) He failed in the exam. _______ made his
parents angry.
2) He failed in the exam, _______ made his
parents angry.
3) He has two sons. Both of _______ are
teachers.
4) He has two sons, both of _______ are
teachers.
This
which
whom
them
注意5：定语从句和其他从句的比较
Put the book _____ it is when you have finished reading.
A. which B. where
C. in which D. at the place
(地点状语从句)
When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where
C. the place where D. where
(地点状语从句)

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