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(共21张PPT)
Welcome to our class!
做好阅读理解，我们要具备哪些能力？
1、细节理解题
2、词义猜测题
3、推理判断题
4、主旨归纳题
作者意图、态度题
文章结构题
阅读理解考察题型：
主旨归纳题
Question forms:
1. The main topic/subject of the passage is _____. 2. What is mainly discussed in the text/*** paragraph？ 3. What is the main idea of the passage？ 4. The purpose of this passage is _____. 5. The passage mainly focused on _____. 6. What would be the best title/topic/headline of the text？
主题句定位法
一个段落或一篇文章一般主题只能有一个，其他的内容都起说明、论证作用。段落中其它的句子或文章的其它段落是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
其他解题技巧
1. 正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己概括主题，从选项中找出最符合的。
2.逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，其写法是否与所给文章一致。
3.统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段落，各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应选择涉及最多的选项。
干扰项的陷阱
1.以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。
2. 放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。
3. 偷换概念，文章讲的主题被换成相关但不同的主题。
Let’s practice
How to get the main idea of a paragraph
1
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it （1.5分钟）
Smoking can cause cancer.
Smoking is a terrible killer
Smoking is harmful to our health.
An experiment on smoking.
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.
Practice：
2
Often no one looks more guilty than
the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to
hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to
try to judge a person only by his appearance. （1分钟）
What is the main idea of the passage
A professional criminal looks more innocent than others.
Don’t judge others by appearance.
So, it is foolish to
try to judge a person only by his appearance
3
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hu-
-rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. (2.5分钟)
The paragraph could be entitled _________.
A. Buying A TV Set
B. A Selling Method
C. Buyer Beware
D. TV On Sale
This sales method is called “bait and switch”.
(detail)
(detail)
(detail)
诱售法
4
A couple of years ago I took the family on a winter vacation to New York city to experience the holiday atmosphere. The longest lines that week weren’t in the hall of the empire state building, at the Statue of Liberty ferry or any of New York's other landmarks, but in the square at Fifth avenue and 58 Street, where the crowd to get into FAO Schwarz (a toy store )snaked around the block.
The author wants to tell us ____ in this Para.
A. the distribution of people.
B. the poor traffic conditions.
C. the popularity of a toy store
D. the nice holiday atmosphere.
How to get the main idea of a passage
5
① Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
② Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
③ Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. （4分钟）
Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage
A. Magellan’s death
B. Going Around The World
C. The World Is Round
D. Magellan’s Voyage
① Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan’s voyage was the first trip around the world .
②Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
The process of Magellan’s long difficult voyage
③Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Magellan’s voyage proved the earth is round.
①Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
②Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Goed Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
③Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Paragraph 1:
Magellan’s voyage was the first trip around the world .
Paragraph 2:
The process of Magellan’s long difficult voyage
Paragraph 3:
Magellan’s voyaged proved the earth is round.
Magellan’s
voyage
6
Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.
Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage
A. Magellan’s death
B. Going Around The World
C. The World Is Round
D. Magellan’s Voyage
(too narrow)
(too narrow)
(too broad)
(proper)
TIPS
Put yourself in the writer’s shoes !

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