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2023年初中英语语法之虚拟语气分析及专项练习
虚拟语气概述
什么是虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一个用于描述希望、建议、要求或与事实相反的情况的时态。.
在同一话题下虚拟语气中的动词有别于其它时态。
For example:
举个例子：
I was in your position two years ago.(not in the subjunctive mood)
两年前我处于你现在的位置。（不是虚拟语气）
If I were in your position, I would do the same.(subjunctive mood)
如果我处于你的位置，我也会做同样的事。（虚拟语气）
Examples of the Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气例句
Here are some examples of verbs in the subjunctive mood:
以下是一些动词在虚拟语气中的应用：
I wish it were still in use.(it was becomes it were)
我希望他们还能用。（was变成了were）
The board recommended that the motion be passed immediately.(motion is passed becomes motion be passed)
董事会希望这个提议能马上通过。（is passed变成了be passed）
She suggests that Mark work full time from Saturday.(Mark works becomes Mark work)
她建议马克从星期六开始全职工作。（works变成了work）
He said it was essential that Johan guard the box.(Johan guards becomes Johan guard)
他说约翰保护这个箱子是有必要的。（guards变成了guard）
It is imperative that the game begin at once.(game begins becomes game begin)
重要的是游戏要马上开始。（begins变成了begin）
The non-subjunctive forms of verbs are gradually replacing the subjunctive forms.
非虚拟语气中的动词在虚拟语气中通常会被替换。
虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用
1.方式状语从句
由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。
a. 表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）
b. 表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时
I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认识多年）
c. 表示与将来事实不相符，用would might could
It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）
对比：
He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）
He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）
2.目的状语从句
a. 由in case, lest, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧虑或目的。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。
She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。
We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there
should be any misunderstanding.
我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会.
b. 在in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 为了能提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力。We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
3.让步状语从句
让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失败了，仍有一线希望。
I should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在这里，我还是要这么说。
Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 不管他成功还是失败，我们还是要做好自己的事。
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是要去那里。
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law.
宾语从句中的各类虚拟语气用法
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，是内容最丰富，应用最广泛的从句类型之一，宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法更是复杂多样。
一. 表建议，命令，请求和要求
由advise，suggest，recommend, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist , order, propose, request 等引导的宾语从句，从句谓语由 “should+动词原形” 构成。
eg. He suggested that we should leave early.
He insisted that I should go with them.
He ordered that we should go back.
二.表希望，安排，敦促，打算，想象
由 believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine，urge 等词引导的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词 原形”构成,should 可省略。
eg. He urged that they go to Europe.
She desires that he do it.
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger
三.wish 后的宾语从句
wish后接宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过去完成时had done；若表示将来的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。
eg. I wish she were not married.
I wished I had been rich.
I wish the train would come.
四.would rather, had rather, would soonery引导的从句
英语中这类词引导的从句通常表达一种与客观事实相违的情况，所以使用虚拟语气。表示过去时，用 “had＋过去分词”，表示现在和将来时用 “一般过去时”。
eg. I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
I‘d rather you went cinema tomorrow.
一个人不论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
英语虚拟语气考点训练
1.If he was here, he _______ us how to do it.
A.told B. would tell C. had told D. had told
2.If we _____ 200 years old, we _____ everything.
A.were to be, could change B. had been, changed C. were, would have changed D. should be, changed
3.If your father ______this, he would be angry.
A.knows B. knew C. had known D. would know
4._______ your address, I would have written to you.
A.Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know
5.______ he fail, he would kill himself.
A.Should B. Would C. Had D. If
6.The patient insisted that he _____ ill and _____ to the hospital.
A.wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
7.I wish you _______ him my telephone number, but you did.
A.didn’t give B. hadn’t given C. wouldn’t give D. shouldn’t give 8. “Shall I open the window ” “I’d rather you ______.”
A.can’t B. won’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t
9.It’s already 12 o’clock. It’s high time you ____to bed.
A.went B. had gone C. would go D. go
10.I’m really busy, or I ____ with you.
A.will go B. went C. would go D. go
11.It was lucky. Meeting anywhere else, we ____ each other.
A.couldn’t have recognized B. hadn’t recognize C. couldn’t recognize D. didn’t recognize /
12.It’s possible that he _____ us some money, but it’s impossible that he _____ us so much.
A.will lend, will lend B. will lend, should lend C. should lend, will lend D. should lend, should lend
13.Thank you very much indeed. If it had not been for your advice I really _____ what I should have done.
A.don’t know B. haven’t known C. hadn’t known D. wouldn’t have known) 14. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A.He’d better give up drinking B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so
15.“Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had a high fever.” A. do B. are C. will D. would
16.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
17. If there were no subjective mood, English ______ much easier.
A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be
18. If my lawyer ______ here last Saturday, he ______ me from going.
A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would D. were, would have prevented
19. Without electricity human life ______ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
20. “If he ______, he ______ that food.” “Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.”
A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken C. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken
参老答案：1-5BABCA 6-10BBCAC11-15ABADD 16-20BDADB

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