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(共18张PPT)
Grammar: Ellipsis(省略)
一、概念(Defining): by finding& defining
Q.What is meant by Ellipsis(省略)
eg.1.—You come from Dongkeng
---Yes, I do. (Yes, I come from Dongkeng.)
2.--Who is on duty to clean the blackboard
--Sorry, I don’t know. (Sorry, I don’t know who is on duty to clean the blackboard.)
3.—Beautiful (Looking at the moon.)
---Yes, it is. (Yes, the moon is so beautiful.)
4.Sorry to tell you the bad news.
(I am sorry to tell you the bad news.)
省略：在一定的上下语境中，按照一定的规则省略句中的一个或几个成分，以使语句表达简洁或避免重复的语法现象。
温馨提示：在书面英语中，除了一些特殊省略句型外，在实践运用相关知识时要谨慎：一定要按照省略规则办事，切忌“随心所欲、胡省乱省”，以免造成语言错误或表达失真。
二、探究(Probing)：
Q.Which parts of a sentences can be omitted in the given context(上下文)
1.—You had yourself taken photos of
---Yes, I did.
2.--Who is on duty to cover the story on the spot
---Sorry, I don’t know.
3.--Unforgettable (Having finished the journey, ….)
---Yes, it is.
4.Sorry to interrupt you.
(Yes, I had myself taken photos of.)省略____________。
谓语与宾语
(Sorry, I don’t know who is on duty to cover the story on the spot.) 省略________________________。
宾语(宾语从句)
(Yes, the journey is unforgettable.)省略_________。
表语
(I am sorry to interrupt you.)省略__________________ 。
主语和系表动词
三、积累(Accumulating):
一）简单句中的省略现象。
1.省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的或习惯性的说法.
1) (_______) Get your hair cut shorter, please.
2) (___) See you next Friday.
3) (___) Thank you for your suggestions.
4) (___) Beg your pardon.
1) (____________) No spitting.
2) (____________) Have a drink
3) Why (___________) not apply for the job
4) How (_________________) about a cup of coffee
5) (____________) This way, please.
2.省略主语或谓语的一部分：
You
I
I
I
There is
Will you
do you
do you think
You come
二）一些与省略有关的常用句型或句式。
1.与并列对应结构有关的省略句式：一般是并列对应结构的后一部分的相应省略。
①Zhanghua’s brother works as a professor at university and his sister as a photographer.
后分句省略：______________
②The victim was found infected with the infectious disease, but his wife was not.
后分句省略：________________________________________
③The editor was found guilty of two crimes: one was to bribe someone, the other to take the bribe someone else. 后分句省略：______________
④All the colleagues’ skills in photographing are different: some colleagues’ are amateur, others’ professional. 后分句省略：____________________
⑤The sooner (you get the news), the better.
前省: _______________________; 后省:__________________。
works
found infected with the infectious disease
was
are
you get the news
it will be
2.与状语从句有关的省略句式：
1)假设条件句中的省略：
①If possible, … / If necessary,…中，省略___________。
如：Your writing will be polished before getting published if necessary.
= Your writing will be polished before getting published if ___________________.
it is
it is necessary
②“If so,…”/ “If not,…”两句依托一定的上文语境意义，如与上文的肯定意义相吻合，则用_________ ; 如与上文的肯定意义相悖，则用_____________。
如：The person who has got severely burned must be given some first aid. ____________, he may survive; _____________ , he may lose his life.
If so,
If not,
If so,
If not,
③“If + 过去分词,…”: 从句中，一般省略_______________，保留分词部分。
如：If burned severely, he should be given some first aid immediately.
= ______________________________, he should be given some first aid immediately.
sb is/ sb was
If one is burned severely
④在“…unless + 过去分词…”中，一般省略____________，保留分词部分。
如：The editor won’t attend the assistant journalist’s wedding unless invited.
= The editor won’t attend the assistant journalist’s wedding unless__________________ .
sb is/ sb was
he is invited
2)让步状语从句中的省略：
①The journalist managed to finish covering the story though seriously ill.
= The journalist managed to finish covering the story though _______________________.
②Although not invited, the colleague came to attend the chief editor’s wedding.
= Although _________________________, the colleague came to attend the chief editor’s wedding.
③The news reporter finished his reporting on the spot though in danger of being shot in the battle.
= The news reporter finished his reporting on the spot though ___________in danger of being shot in the battle.
he was seriously ill
he had not been invited
he was
3)时间状语从句中的省略：
①When questioned, the interviewee didn’t look at ease.
= ________________________________________, the interviewee didn’t look at ease.
②While taking photos for others, he found himself gifted in photography.
=_____________________________________________, he found himself gifted in photography.
③As a child, the housewife’s son knew a lot about the world.
= _____________________________________, the housewife’s son knew a lot about the world.
When he was questioned
While he was taking photos for others
As he was a child
归纳：上述状语从句中，主要省略了 ____________________部分。
sb is\ sb was\ sbs are
4)方式状语从句中的省略：as if= as though
如：The interviewee opened her lips as if to say something.
=The interviewee opened her lips as if _________________________________________.
she were to say something
3.与同位语从句有关的省略句式：
It is a pity that …= Pity that…
There is no doubt that…= No doubt that…
There is no wonder that…= No wonder that…
依托一定的上文语境意义，用不定式的标记词to或not to代替上文中所提到的某种行为。可接“不定式省略句”的动词常见的有：want, hope, expect, plan, love, like, would like, be glad to …等等。
如：---Will you please have us taken photos of
---Yes, I’d like to. 省略了_____________________
take photos of you
4.与不定式有关的省略句式：
so和not作替代词。它们依托一定的上文语境意义，代替被省略的某个词(组)或句子，一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作be afraid，believe，become，all，do，expect，fear，hope，imagine, say, see, speak, suppose, think等的宾语。Not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps，probably，absolutely等副词后。
如：①---The stories she have covered always seem to be accurate.
---I don’t think so.
so替代_____________________________________________
______________________________________________
②--The famous football star may be found guilty of taking the bribe.
---I hope not.
not替代__________________________________________
_________________________________
The stories she have covered always seem to be accurate.
The famous football star will not be found guilty of taking the bribe.
5.“替代”省略句式：
6.省略与“倒装虚拟句式”：
连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将后面的should，were，had提到主语的前面。
如：1)Had they time, they would certainly come and help us.
= ____________________________, they would certainly come and help us.
2)Were I you, I would get the assignment finished ahead of time.
=_____________________, I would get the assignment finished ahead of time.
3)Should there be a flood, what should we do
=___________________________________, what should we do
If they had time
If I were you
If there should be a flood
四、综合练习：
1.将下列省略句还原成完整的结构形式：
1)Sorry, but I didn’t mean to hurt you.
=_______________, but I didn’t mean to hurt you.
2)Any question you want to ask me
=________________ any question you want to ask me
3) --May I smoke here
--I’m afraid not. =____________________________________________________
4)--Did you know anything about it
-- Not until last week. =_____________________________________________________
5)He majors in English and I in French.
=____________________________________________________
I am sorry
Is there
I’m afraid that you can not smoke here.
I didn’t know anything about it until last week.
He majors in English and I major in French.
6)His mother works as an editor and his father as a designer.
=_____________________________________________________________________
7)Someone has told me that, but I don’t remember who. = _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
8)If not today, I’m sure you will get my answer tomorrow.
= ________________________________________________
__________________
9.The castle looked splendid when first built.
=_____________________________________________________
10.But how can I listen carefully while taking notes
=___________________________________________________________________
His mother works as an editor and his father works as a designer.
Someone has told me that, but I don’t remember who has told me that.
If you don’t get my answer today, I’m sure you will get my answer tomorrow.
The castle looked splendid when it was first built.
But how can I listen carefully while I am taking notes
2.将下列句子中划线部分变为省略句形式：
1.If it is possible, I will write to you .
=_______________________, I will write to you.
2.When you cook, do not lot oil touch flames or other sources of heat.
=______________________, do not lot oil touch flames or other sources of heat.
3.Don’t use an electrical appliance while you are standing in water.
=Don’t use an electrical appliance(设备) ________________________________________.
4.When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.
= ____________________________________________________, he told us about it.
If possible
When cooking
while standing in water
When asked what had happened
5.Although he was left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
=____________________________________, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
6.If it is not well managed, the program will not succeed.
=_______________________________, the program will not succeed.
7.The story can not be published in this edition unless it is polished pretty well.
= The story can not be published in this edition____________________________________.
8.Xiaohua and his brother are both diligent. The former is studying at Qinghua University, the latter is studying at Beijing University.
= The former is studying at Qinghua University, ____________________________________.
Although left alone at home
If not well managed
unless polished pretty well
the latter at Beijing University
9.There is no doubt that you’ll get burned by touching the iron while ironing clothes.
= ______________ you’ll get burned by touching the iron while ironing clothes.
10.Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area, when a bandage is necessary.
= Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area, _____________________________________.
11.If I were a bird, I would fly freely in the sky.
=_________________________, I would fly freely in the sky.
12.If it should be sunny tomorrow, I would go out to take some photographs.
=___________________________________, I would go out to take some photographs.
No doubt
when necessary
Were I a bird
Should it be sunny tomorrow
Thank you!

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