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高考英语上海卷
模拟试卷（二）
考生注意：
1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
第I卷（共90分）
I. Listening Comprehension （25 分）
Section A （每题1分，共10分）
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (每题 1 分,共 20 分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank.
An implant that can cool nerves to block pain signals has been unveiled by researchers who say the device could offer an alternative to drugs such as opioids (类鸦片活性肽).
The team behind the device say it could bring benefits for management of acute pain such as (21)_______ experienced after amputations (截肢)or nerve grafts.
"We are optimistic that this represents a very promising starting point for an engineering approach (22)_______ treating pain,” said Prof John Rogers of Northwestern University in the US, a co-author of the research.
But he cautioned that it might be some time (23) _______ they were available to patients. "As with any implantable device, the regulatory process can be slow, typically (24) _______ (involve) much more extensive animal model studies over a period of years," he said.
Writing in the journal Science, the team report that the device to block pain signals, which (25) _______(test) only on rats so far, involves a pump, external control system and an implant made from a soft, rubbery substance. The latter forms a sealed collection of tiny channels which form a twisting path in the part of the implant that sits around the target nerve like a cuff.
When liquid coolant and dry nitrogen flow through the implant, the liquid causes a drop in temperature. An electronic sensor in the device allows the temperature at the nerve (26) _______(keep) constant.
"All body processes are based on metabolic chemical reactions, motions of ions and flows of fluids--all (27) _______slow down as a result of cooling,” said Rogers. “ The net effect when cooling is applied to a nerve is in blocking of electrical signals."
Among their experiments, the team tracked two rats with an injury, recording over a three- week period the minimum force that (28) _______be applied to the hind paw to cause the animal to retract (缩回)it. This data was then compared against three rats who were similarly injured but also had the implant. The results suggest bouts of cooling of the injured nerve from 37℃ to 10℃led to (29) _______(severe) pain, with a sevenfold increase in the force that could be applied to the paw.
The team say the implant’s benefits include (30)_______, in contrast to opioids, it is not addictive. As the implant is made with water-soluble and biocompatible materials, it can break down in the body after use. The implant could be inserted as an extension of the patient’s initial surgery.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the -words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. attached B. bottle-fed C. confusion D. invisible E. originally F. orphaned G. partnering H. procedure I. reproduced J. subjects K. unintentionally
Saving Baby Bears
Reacting to the auditory assault of barking dogs, shouts and rifle blasts, a 168-pound American black bear shot out and hightailed (迅速逃走)it into the woods off a logging road.
His sister, weighing in at 135 pounds, took a little more time to overcome her fear and (31) _______ before she, too, ran for the trees and away from the humans who had driven more than 100 miles to witness the bears’ return to the wild.
The cubs were the 106th and 107th (32) _______ or injured bears to be raised or treated at the Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) Wildlife Center in Washington state, then released months later in the same general area where they were (33) _______found. Fitted with GPS collars and tattooed with identification numbers on their gums, the bears are also among the latest (34) _______of a long-term research study being conducted by Rich Beausoleil and Lindsay Welfelt, both biologists and bear and cougar specialists.
The siblings were only two weeks old when a forest worker and his dog (35) _______ disturbed their den in February 2020, scaring away their mother. She never returned.
The worker contacted the WDFW, an agency (36) _______with PAWS to rehabilitate sick, injured wild animals before releasing them back into their natural habitats.
"Their eyes and ears weren't open, and their teeth hadn't even erupted,Jennifer Convy, PAWS senior director of wildlife, said of the cubs, which each weighed less than 2 pounds when they arrived and were the youngest ever to be raised at the center.
Though (37) _______at first, the cubs weren't cuddled. Instead, their caregivers wore bear- scented bear suits during feedings once the cubs' eyes had opened. At PAWS, the staff and volunteers take pains to be (38)_______to all the animals in their care.
"They don't see us, ever. We don't talk to them. We don't name the animals because we don't want our staff or volunteers to get (39) _______，“ Convy said. After more than a year, the bear siblings were released.
The wildlife biologists are studying how the bears raised at PAWS fare after their release, compared to their wild-reared brethren. One cub released in 2017 had her first litter of cubs in January.
"We've been to her den several times." Beausoleil said. "She (40) _______ and had cubs of her own ... This was kind of a turning point for us."
After all, the whole point of PAWS' rehabilitation "is to protect and perpetuate (使持续) the species," he said.
III. Reading Comprehension (45 分)
Section A (每题1分，共15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Other da Vinci Code
For centuries, two of the most intriguing questions about Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" were "Who " and "When ”A(n) (41) _______made at Heidelberg University in 2005 pretty much answered both. A note written in a manuscript in the library (42) _______the account of da Vinci's first biographer, Giorgio Vasari: that the sitter was a merchanfs wife, Lisa Gherardini. The note also helped date the masterpiece to between 1503 and 1506.
A(n) (43)_______ mystery-"Where "- is still in dispute. But on June 3rd a French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had (44) _______the landscape in the background of the painting. Arguments had (45)_______ been made for stretches of countryside in the Marche region and between Milan and Genoa. During a presentation in Vinci, near Florence, Mr Cotte maintained that the artist was more plausibly depicting a part of his native Tuscany 一 one that keenly interested him at the time. According to this theory, da Vinci represented the area not as it was, but as, in an unrealised scheme, he (46) _______ it to be.
Mr Cotte, who was asked by the Louvre (where the "Mona Lisa" hangs) to create a digital image of the painting, is the inventor of the multispectral camera: a device that can detect not only the drawing below the (47) _______of an oil painting, but also, where they exist, intermediate layers of work. It was among these, under what appears to be a pointed rock, that he found a(n) (48) _______sketch showing that da Vinci meant it to represent a castellated tower.
The landscape of the "Mona Lisa" also includes a huge overhanging cliff. That is (49)_______ to one that da Vinci included in a sketch of a fortress (堡垒)contested by Pisa and Florence in the war that flared between them in 1503 (around the time he was painting Gherardini). The (50)_______ with the nearby cliff ——and a tower, known as the Caprona tower 一 all overlook the river Amo as it snakes from Florence to Pisa. All three also feature in drawings made by da Vinci to illustrate a plan about which, says Mr Cotte, he became “(51) _______”.
This involved diverting the Amo to (52) _______Pisa's water supply and give Florence an outlet to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two citystates at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte argues that a(n) (53) _______ winding through desolate countryside at the right of the "Mona Lisa" is too wide to be a road, as some have speculated, and is(54) _______the driedup bed of the Amo as da Vinci envisaged (设 想)it once his plan had been adopted.
It never was. But if Mr Cotte's theory is right, it might just explain why Gherardini, a Florentine, exhibits such a contented, if mysterious, (55) _______。
41. A. experiment B. account C. sketch D. discovery
42. A. challenged B. confirmed C. publicized D. summarised
43. A. inclusive B. geological C. third D. initial
44. A. identified B. appreciated C. theorised D. illustrated
45. A. consequently B. eventually C. intentionally D. previously
46. A. intended B. recognised C. denied D. suspected
47. A. portrait B. canvas C. surface D. theme
48. A. damaged B. preparatory C. valuable D. digital
49. A. similar B. accessible C. contrary D. restricted
50. A. model B. fortress C. cities D. masterpiece
51. A. informative B. concerned C. obsessive D. skillful
52. A. make up for B. maintain C. clear up D. cut off
53. A. outlet B. channel C. current D. landscape
54. A. instead B. meanwhile C. in turn D. above all
55. A. costume B. mood C. appeal D. smile
Section B (每题2分，共22分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
At 67, Joyce Faulkner thought she was looking for a holiday. Her husband, Jim, had recently died and exploring possible house swaps (交换)on the Home Exchange website felt soothing. In the end, it was not a vacation Faulkner found but a job. She left her home in South Queensferry to become mother's help to seven-year-old twins in the northern Italian town of Varese. Now she is known as "La Joyce".
"Really, when I think of it, it's halfway crazy," she says. A house swap she was interested in didn't work out, but the owner, Rachele, asked: "Do you know anyone who might help me with the children ”, Faulkner wrote back and said, "I could do that!"
Two months later, Faulkner was on her way to Bergamo airport. When she reached the square in Varese, "the dad, Andrea, was walking towards me with the children hiding behind his legs, kind of shy, thinking: "Who is this woman in a long black coat ' I don't think it was quite Mary Poppins, but the atmosphere was immediately warm and friendly.
Eighteen months on, Faulkner's job no longer feels like a job. "I just feel like part of the family.” They joke: "You think you’re going back to Scotland No, you're staying here!" She gives English lessons, helps with the housework, meets the children from school and plays chess with them. “It never feels like work.” she says. "It has been absolutely the perfect match.”
Even the sight of trucks taking bodies away from the hospital in Bergamo during the early stage of the pandemic didn't put her off. "You have to take the opportunity when it presents itself."
Faulkner says she learned this philosophy from Jim. When they met at a teachers’ conference, they had each previously been married.
"I fell in love with Jim the minute I saw Faulkner says. "But I was a bit hesitant. He said: 'Supposing we only get six months out of this relationship That's six months worth having.’ I thought: 'What a great attitude to life. We were together from 1983 to 2019."
Thirty-six years, then.
In a funny way, it was Jim who led Faulkner to Italy, because after he died, she arranged five holidays on Home Exchange. Mostly these were places she had been with Jim. "I think I was planning in my head, without consciously doing it, a kind of farewell tour," she says.
Faulkner is not ready to leave Italy. She says, "I'll be 70 in January. That looks like a big number when you write it down, but in my head, Tm 30. You think: "Really Seventy How can that be ' I still feel the same person, I have the same enthusiasm for life, the same interest in people and things. In that sense, I wish I had another 70."
56.Faulkner went to the Italian town of Varese in order to________.
A.work as a babysitter for a family
B.explore the Home Exchange website
C.enjoy a holiday in memory of Jim
D.become the stepmother of the twins
57.Which of the following is true about Faulkner's stay in Italy
A.The mysterious mother in black alerted her.
B.The tragic sight of the pandemic scared her.
C.She didn't expect so many chores initially.
D.She integrated into the family harmoniously.
58.How did Jim's philosophy affect Faulkner
A.She was persuaded to think twice before their marriage.
B.Grasp a chance whenever it emerges despite uncertainty.
C.There is no need to fear death as it is temporary farewell.
D.Commitment without bearing any fruit is a waste of time.
59.What is the passage mainly about
A.Seeking new home abroad. B. Recovery from sorrow.
C. A new start after 67. D Farewell to Jim
（B）
BioLite Camp Stove Illuminated
The main objective of the BioLite Camp Stove and updated CampStove 2 is to bum fuel more efficiently. Most small campfires can't draw in enough air to completely combust their fuel. This is why they produce smoke 一 tiny particles of carbon that are carried off by the rising hot air before they can be burned. Some wood burning stoves use clever convection （对 流）tricks to pull more air, but they still smoke while the stove warms up. The BioLite has an electrically powered fan that drives air into the bottom of the combustion chamber, which ensures hotter temperatures, less fuel use and a cleaner cooking environment. The electricity comes from a device called a thermoelectric generator. This uses the temperature difference between two sides of a special silicon wafer （硅 片）to generate an electrical charge. Once the fan is spinning fast enough, any excess electricity generated is diverted to a USB port fbr external charging.
60.The underlined word "combust" is closest in meaning to .
A.compensate B. oxidize C. ventilate D. bum
61.What is the probable function of BioLite Camp Stove
A.Campsite illumination or fanning to cool down.
B.Charging your phone while boiling the kettle.
C.Converting electricity into heat to keep warm.
D.Cooking cleanly by recycled electrical power..
62.What are the four labels that best match the four numbers from ① to ④？
A.① Heat pipe—>②Combustion chamber—> ③Thermoelectric generator—>④ Power regulator
B.① Thermoelectric generator—> ② Ventilation hood—> ③ Electrical generator—> ④ USB port
C.① Heat generator—> ②Smoke filter—> ③ Thermal energy collector—> ④ Fan engine
D.① Ventilation pipe—> ② Heatproof shield—> ③ Combustion chamber—> ④ Heat regulator
(C)
The word "brainstorming" depicts a vision of hell. It is someone saying, "Fire up the brainwaves barbecue.,, It is trying desperately to work out where everyone else's cursors (光 标)have gone on a digital whiteboard. Yet brainstorming persists, and for decent reasons. Getting a group of people together is an opportunity to exploit different viewpoints. So why is brainstorming often so painful
The problem is that brainstorming must strike a balance between a series of competing imperatives (必 要的 事).One tension is between creativity and feasibility. A brainstorm is meant to be freeing, a chance to ask out-of-the-box questions. But it is also meant to produce suggestions that can actually be translated into reality, which calls for a more pragmatic style of thinking.
A second tension is between managers and nonmanagers. By its nature brainstorming is insiderish. Someone has to arrange the session, and that person is often the manager of a team. If decision-makers are not in the room, then the suspicion will grow that time is being wasted. If they are, then hierarchies (等级制度)easily assert themselves: good ideas can wither with a frown from the boss, and bad ones can survive with a nod.
A related issue concerns the presence of outsiders. There is a natural temptation to keep drawing on the same senior people within an organisation to generate ideas: these are the ones who get things done, who understand a company's strategy. Yet research suggest that outsiders bring a fresh perspective. That might be people from related industries. But it might also be middle managers or frontline employees who have direct contact with customers.
A third balance to strike is between different personalities and different styles of thinking. A new paper from researchers at Stanford Graduate School of Business finds that brainstorming on Zoom comes at a cost to creativity: as people's visual focus narrows on the screen in front of them, their cognitive range also seems to become more limited. But if in-person gatherings are better, they also do not work equally well for everyone. Some personalities are immediately comfortable saying what they think; others need to be persuaded to share their opinions.
These are known problems, and there are plenty of ideas out there to solve them. "Figure- storming," is a way for people to combat group-think by pretending to be a famous person. Some simpler rules are much more likely to help. Define the parameters (范围) of a brainstorming session upfront. Try to make a specific thing work better rather than to shoot for the Moon. Involve people you don't know, as well as those you do. Start by getting people to write their ideas down in silence, so extroverts and bosses have less chance to dominate. And be clear about the next steps after the session is over; the attraction of holding a "design sprint", a weeklong, clear-the-diary way for a team to develop and test product prototypes, is that the thread connecting ideas to outcomes is taut (紧凑的).All of them would make brainstorming a little more thought-provoking and less heart-sinking.
63.By saying "The word "brainstorming" depicts a vision of hell’, the author probably means_______.
A.the brainwaves barbecue can be misleading
B.ifs hard to figure out others’ perspective
C.brainstorming triggers hatred among people
D.bosses exploit staff's brainpower mercilessly
64."_______" qualifies as an out-oi-the-box question.
A.What are you talking about We work at a salad chain.
B.Is there any point in inviting outsiders to brainstorming
C.How would the British queen improve on cloud computing
D.Wouldn't it be great if people had prosthetic (假体的)tails when diving
65.What can be inferred from the study by Stanford Graduate School of Business
A.Online conferences hold the participants’ attention better than in-person gatherings.
B.People's cognitive range seems to limit their visual focus to the screen at online meetings.
C.Fruitful brainstorming involves taking different personalities and thinking modes into account.
D.In-person gatherings liberate brainstorming participants’ creativity despite various personalities.
66.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.Various solutions to the problems with brainstorming.
B.How "figure-storming'' contributes to brainstorming.
C.Reasons why brainstorming sessions are painful.
D.Thought-provoking versus heart-sinking.
Section C （每题2分，共8分）
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A.Time to start building a new approach. B.The problem can be divided into three parts. C.Demand for larger homes to accommodate remote working will increase residential energy use. D.What's more, landlords and homeowners, and the construction industry, have a rotten record on climate change. E.Residential housing is more difficult, because many homeowners may have less spare cash and move houses rarely. F.In Britain, for example, until earlier this year most new buildings were exempt from valueadded tax, but spending on renovations and repairs was not.
Constructive Improvements
Buildings have a dirty secret: they are among the planet’s worst climate offenders. Heating, cooling and powering existing offices, homes and factories accounts for 27% of global energy- related carbon-dioxide emissions. Constructing new ones involves mountains of steel cement, and combined with demolition(拆 除)accounts for another 10% of the global CO2 emitted each year. Building debris generates a third of the European Union's annual waste by weight.
（67）_______Only a tiny fraction of properties are carbon neutral, and on the current trajectory （轨 迹）it will take nearly a century to decarbonise the rest. As the world urbanises, a dirty building boom is likely to emerge: by one estimate, cities will need to add 13,000 buildings every day until 2050, just to keep up with global population growth.
What can be done （68）_______The first goal is to incentivise owners to make existing properties more energy-efficient. In the long run, as electricity generation shifts towards renewables, the emissions arising from daily power use will fall. But retrofitting (翻新)offices and homes with cleverer control systems and heat pumps rather than fossil-fuel boilers can have an immediate impact. In big cities, building codes and citywide net carbon targets can urge commercial landlords to upgrade buildings.
The second goal is to facilitate more rational decisions about when to retrofit buildings and when to demolish them and rebuild, which generates waste and pollution but in some cases can reduce emissions overall. Regulations and tax codes are often skewed （曲 解）randomly and can be reformed. （69）_______
The final goal should be to ensure that the construction of new buildings that does take place is far cleaner than it has been in the past. Green building codes are a powerful tool; in the long run, higher carbon taxes would also force the entire construction and building-materials supply chain to clean up its act.
The good news is that there is huge room for improvement: new industrial processes can reduce the emissions from cement and steel. Better construction methods, including prefabricated houses, are more energy- and carbon-efficient but rarely used. The construction industry has an awful record on productivity growth 一 a sign that there has not been enough fresh thinking. （70） _______.
第II卷(共50分)
IV. Summary Writing (10 分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71.
Dino Killer Struck in Spring
A team of European scientists have worked out the time of year when a huge asteroid struck Earth 66 million years ago, and say it could help explain why the impact destroyed so many living things. The asteroid, which hit Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, was the final blow in the extinction of the dinosaurs that had ruled Earth for 170 million years. It left birds as the only surviving dinosaur relatives and cleared the way for the expansion of mammals (warm-blooded usually furry animals that make milk for their young).
Until now, experts have struggled to explain just why some species survived and others didn't. The new research offers important clues. It suggests the asteroid struck in spring for the northern half of the world 一 a time when many animals were emerging from the warm and comfortable winter burrows (洞穴)that might otherwise have protected them.
The evidence that places the asteroid impact in spring comes from a remarkable site called Tanis, in the US state of North Dakota. Here scientists have found the fossils (preserved remains turned into rocky minerals) from fish that died as their gills were choked with debris falling from the impact itself. A team led by Marianne During of Uppsala University in Sweden realised that the fish grew their bones more at some times of year than others. By looking at the state of the fossilised bones the team could work out the season when the fish had died.
The impact caused an enormous blast of heat and fires that probably killed most large animals immediately. Small animals living closer to the impact site, and those that were waking up in spring, would also have died almost instantly. Then, as dust from the explosion spread through the air and blocked out the Sun's heat and light, the whole planet was plunged into a long period of cold and darkness. This killed plants and led both plant-eating and meateating animals to die off 一 about 76% of all species. If smaller southern-hemisphere animals were already in their winter shelters when the asteroid struck, those that could find food when they emerged months later might have spread across the recovering planet.
V.Translation （3+3+4+5,共 15 分）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72.这些新潮倡导者怎么能够用吃少量水果来代替均衡饮食呢？（amount）
73.要知道，如今许多孤寡老人真正需要的是爱心陪伴，而不是金钱。（not...but...）
74.为了缓解交通压力，交通部该采取立竿见影的措施，比如限制车辆的数量。（so as to）
75.良药苦口，忠言逆耳，因此我们应该耐心地听取不同的意见，甚至那些反对的意见。 （sound）
VI.Guided Writing （25 分）
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76.
高三的你即将迈入大学，面临着两种住宿方式的选择：月均500元的学校宿舍或月租 3000元的校外公寓。请选择其一，并结合自身情况说明理由。
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
21. that. 22.to 23. before 24. involving 25. has been tested
26. to be kept 27. of which 28. had to/ought to 29. less severe 30. that
Section B
31-40 CFEJK GBDAI
III. Reading comprehension
Section A
41-45 DBCAD 46-50 ACBAB 51-55 CDBAD
Section B
56-59 ADBC 60-62 DBA 63-66 BDCA
Section C
67-70 DBFA
IV. Summary writing
71.
Main idea: Scientists have reckoned the accurate time of an asteroid strike which caused the extinction of dinosaurs and rise of mammals. 2’
Main points:
(1) The collision occurred in spring, when northern-hemisphere animals emerged from their winter shelter. 1’
(2) Researchers discovered evidence in the form of fossilized fish bones. 1’
(3) Most species were killed by the blast, and freezing darkness thereafter while southern-hemisphere animals in shelters survived. 1’
V. Translation
72. How can these trendsetters substitute eating small amounts of fruit for a balanced diet
73. You should know nowadays what many elderly people with no family / who live alone really need is not money but love/care and company.
74. The ministry of transport should take measures which will produce an immediate/instant effect like / such as limiting the number of vehicles so as to relieve the pressure of the traffic.
75. A good medicine tastes bitter, and good advice sounds unpleasant/uncomfortable, so we should listen patiently to different opinions and even opposing views/opinions.
VI. Guided writing
76.
How time flies! With the approach of college enrollment, senior students are faced with many life choices. Here are two types of accommodation for an undergraduate to choose from: school dormitories and renting a flat off campus. I prefer a rented flat. Though more expensive, this is a good option, considering all the benefits.
My decision to rent a flat is based on the following considerations, including the boarding fees, number of roommates, facilities and the routine schedule. While living expenses are definitely lower on campus, we have to share a dorm with other students, meaning our living space shrinks significantly. Some argue that sharing rooms will help us develop more intimate friendship. However, living off campus without having to share, will not only give us adequate personal space and privacy, but it also creates no obstacles to making friends, as we can socialize with others while attending school activities.
When it comes to the facilities and schedule, living off campus provides us with clean and exclusive bathrooms and the freedom to arrange our own schedules. However, living in dorms involves sharing bathrooms and following a fixed and monotonous schedule.
All in all, renting a flat off campus provides the necessary freedom and privacy to better prepare me for the intense day-time learning in college. With the precious experience of living alone, we can also have a taste of future adult life and develop a sense of independence.

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