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专题七　主谓一致
一、高考要求
高考主谓一致需掌握三个基本原则：1. 语法一致原则； 2. 语义一致原则； 3. 就近原则。
二、命题导向
主谓一致的考查常结合其他语法点，如主谓一致与动词的时态语态相结合。
三、基本用法
主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。它包括三个基本原则：语法一致原则指谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致；语义一致原则指谓语动词的数和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)；就近原则指谓语动词的数和最近的主语保持一致。
考点1　并列主语的主谓一致)
1. 由and连接的两个名词作主语，并表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。但并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名词前没有冠词，谓语动词用单数，如the needle and thread, the fork and knife, iron and steel, mud and sand等。
Both tea and coffee are my favorites.
The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people.
2. 由each, every, no修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
No sound and (no) voice has been heard for a long time.
Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school.
3. 由or, nor, either… or…， neither… nor…， not only…but also…等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致。
Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
4. there be后接几个并列名词时，谓语be动词的数遵循就近原则。
There is an orange and four bananas left.
考点2　数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致
1. “分数＋of/百分数＋of/the rest of/plenty of/the majority of/lots of/a lot of/a quantity of＋可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于of后名词的数。但quantities of…作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose.
＝ Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.
2. “a great deal of/a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但large amounts of…作主语，谓语动词用复数。
A large amount of grain has been eaten by birds.
＝ Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds.
3. a number of, a variety of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of, the variety of后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The number of the students in our class is 50, and a number of them are from Hebei.
4. 由kind, form, type, species, portion, series等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数。
Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.
5. 不可数名词做主语时，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.
考点3　其他情况的主谓一致
1. 当主语后带有as well as, as much as, no less than, with, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等连接的成分时，谓语动词的单复数取决于前面主语的单复数。
The house, including the garden and the park, was sold.
I think the boss, rather than the workers, was to blame for the loss.
2. 在“one of＋复数名词＋who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。one前面如果有the only/very修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.
He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball.
3. “more than one/many a(n)＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.
4. 强调句it is/was… that/who…中，主句谓语总是用单数。
It is he that/who tells us the news.
5. 不定式、动词 ing形式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To obey the law is everyone's duty.
Eating too many sweets ruins your teeth.
Why he did it was very clear.
6. 由两部分构成的物体名词如shoes, trousers, pants, jeans, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
His trousers are too long to wear.
This pair of glasses was found in the bag.
注意：集体名词等作主语时的主谓一致请参考语法专题二部分的相关讲解。
检测练习(基础练+综合练)
一、句子填空
1. Tom is the only one of the workers who ____________ (fire) by the company last week.
2. Tom is one of the workers who ____________ (fire) by the company last week.
3. A large quantity of water ____________ ( waste) every year.
4. Large quantities of water ____________ (waste) every year.
5. A singer and dancer____________(invite) to the party last night.
6. A singer and a dancer ____________ (invite) to the party last night.
7. Apples of this kind ____________ (sell) well every year.
8. This kind of apples ____________ (sell) well every year.
9. The trousers ____________(be) mine.
10. This pair of trousers ____________ (be) mine.
11. Every means ____________ (use) to prevent the air pollution so far, but the sky is still not clear.
12. All possible means ____________ (use) to prevent the air pollution so far, but the sky is still not clear.
13. It is reported that many a new house ____________ (build) at present in the old factory.
14. Mary, as well as her sister, ____________ (be) going to the zoo next Sunday because the weather will be fine.
15. The musician along with his band members ____________ (give) ten performances since last year.
16. All the employees except the manager ____________ (encourage) to work online at home last week.
17. Kate has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ____________ (reach) 60 million so far.
18. When fat and salt ____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
19. Look! There ____________ (be) a dog and three ducks in the yard, in the middle of which ____________ (be) two tall trees with great shade.
20. Most of what has been said about the Smiths ____________ (be) also true of the Wilsons.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was astonishing that Hans __1__ (find) dead alone at 9 o'clock on Sunday evening in his study two days before his 60 year old birthday. The famous writer and photographer __2__ (see) in public at the press conference for the last time, saying his family __3__ (arrange) a big birthday party for him at that moment and his brother as well as all of his good friends __4__ (be) going to attend his party. How he died __5__ (be) a mystery. To find out the reason of his death, the police __6__ (call) to come immediately to the spot. The police found in the study there __7__ (be) a handbag and two new books that __8__ (say) not to belong to him. Each family member and each servant __9__ (ask) what they __10__ (do) between 7∶00 and 9∶00. According to their testimony(证词), both his wife and his mother __11__ (watch) TV in the sitting room while his father was reading newspaper in his bedroom. Running a supermarket 100 kilometers away __12__ (be) his only son's job so he was staying there during that time. Although 100 kilometers __13__ (be) not a long distance, he seldom went home. His daughter in law along with his two daughters __14__ (shop). Neither two female servants nor the male servant __15__ (be) at home because all of them were sent to the villa to help prepare the party. A further investigation was going to be carried out.
三、短文改错
I'm very proud to live in a wonderfully community. There are various trees everywhere. It makes me feel like lives in a garden. I share a beautiful environment with friendly neighbor. They are mostly either old workers who have retired and farmers from the countryside. We live with their grandchildren, which need their care. These old people are living busy but happy life. I often notice some playing with their grandchildren. Some walk up their lovely dogs, some dance to music on the square and some even grew vegetables in free space among trees and flowers. How a peaceful home we have!
Key:
一、
1. was fired　2. were fired　3. is wasted　4. are wasted　5. was invited　6. were invited　7. sell　8. sells　9. are　10. is　11. has been used　12. have been used　13. is being built
14. is　15. has given　16. were encouraged　17. have reached　18. are removed　19. is; are　20. is
二、
1. was found　2. was seen　3. were arranging　4. was　5. was
6. were called　7. was　8. were said　9. was asked　10. were doing　11. were watching　12. was　13. was　14. was shopping
15. was
三、
第一处：把wonderfully改为wonderful
第二处：把lives改为living
第三处：把neighbor改为neighbors
第四处：把farmers前的and改为or
第五处：把We改为They
第六处：把which改为who
第七处：在busy前加a
第八处：删除walk后的up
第九处：把grew改为grow
第十处：把How改为What

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