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阅读理解七选五（北京专版）新高考英语高频考点冲刺专练（原卷）
1. （2023高三上·丰台期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It won't sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person's wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem (自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
　1． 　 "From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be," states a study.
　2． 　 Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others
Many of us don't have a real sense of our value. It's been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. 　3． 　 This "voice" tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior. 　4． 　 I encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, "Don't stick your neck out": "No one wants to hear from you"; and "You're going to make a fool of yourself."
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. 　5． 　 We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we're able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A. However, the work doesn't stop there.
B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C. We all carry around a "critical inner voice" that tends to put us down.
D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
2. （2023高三上·大兴期末）任务型阅读
Not every day is going to be great. Not every day is going to be your wedding day, graduation, or birthday. We have our routines; we go to school and meet a lot of the same people. Usually long periods of time in our lives are devoted to doing a specific set of things. The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. 　6． 　
Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (单调的) life. 　7． 　 In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction.
　8． 　 Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments.
Now this is not to say that life shouldn't be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. 　9． 　 Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon.
Hence, I urge you to try it. 　10． 　 Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. Not every day is going to be the best day of your life; but it can still be special.
A. However, casual magic is the road to happiness. B. To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic. C. An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature. D. Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling. E. Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment. F. We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic. G. It is centered around curiosity and focuses the energy on observing and reflecting on the little things.
3.（2023高二上·北京期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Is Emotional Eating
Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of satisfying hunger. 　11． 　 Have you ever finished a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downed cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test But when done a lot—especially without realizing it—emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being.
Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings.
　12． 　 One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it's caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they're stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine's Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. 　13． 　
Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. 　14． 　 It's not easy to "unlearn" patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what's going on.
We're all emotional eaters to a degree. But for some people emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain or other problems. The trouble with emotional eating is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you like. 　15． 　
Next time you reach for a snack, wait and think about which type of hunger is driving it.
A. Believe it or not, we've all been there. B. One study found that people who eat food like pizza become happy afterwards. C. Understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. D. Boys seem to prefer hot, homemade comfort meals, while girls go for chocolate and ice cream. E. That's why it helps to know the difference between physical hunger and emotional hunger. F. More often, though, it's the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort in food. G. If a crying boy gets some cookies, he may link cookies with comfort.
4.（2023高一上·密云期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Confidence is at the heart of every successful person and it holds the key to success. Regardless of how knowledgeable you are in your professional field, your success will be limited if you lack confidence. Actually, confidence isn't what you're born with, but something learned over time. 　16． 　
Know yourself. Take a long look in the mirror and make an honest and accurate judgement of your strengths and weaknesses. Continue to build upon your strengths, as this will increase your confidence. 　17． 　 We all have areas in our professional and personal lives that need to be improved. 　18． 　 Instead, it only holds back your success and keeps your confidence low.
　19． 　 Whether you like it or not, people make judgments about you based upon how you dress. You only have one chance to make a good first impression. How you dress directly shows how you feel about yourself. Research shows that you will feel differently about yourself if you are wearing a business suit or sweat pants and a T-shirt. Therefore, be highly aware of your appearance. Dress in a manner that reflects who you are.
Go step by step. You can increase your confidence by seeking out one new challenge at a time. 　20． 　 Move on to the next one when one challenge is successfully achieved. Success builds upon itself, therefore success brings success—all fueled by increased confidence!
A. Dress for success. B. Put pressure on yourself. C. Forgetting them does not make them go away. D. Research shows confident people always seek out new challenges. E. Meanwhile, take an effective method toward improving your weaknesses. F. The following are three key tricks you may learn to increase your confidence. G. What you wear will unintentionally show your weaknesses to those around you.
5.（2023高一上·延庆期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The dinner party is disappearing according to an article in The New York Times. "How can this be " You might wonder. Don't we meet with friends to taste food in the hottest restaurants Aren't we invited by friends to enjoy home-cooked meals And we throw parties for friends on special occasions, don't we
　21． 　It is more formal and usually hosted in one's home. Invitations are sent out ahead and hosts prepare food with great care. A beautiful tablecloth is spread out on the dinner table, which is then set with expensive cutlery (餐具). Guests dress up for the occasion and are expected to carry on a conversation at the table.　22． 　
Is it because people are too busy to cook for others and then invite them to the table Perhaps, but there are many food lovers nowadays, and TV programs teaching people how to cook are very popular. 　23． 　According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. They don't know how to share their experiences and feelings with others in a proper way. 　24． 　In her opinion, its influence has been harmful to human communication. "People don't even respond to dinner invitation anymore," she said. "Not only do they cancel at the last minute, they do it by text message."
Things have changed a lot today. Perhaps the dinner party has just become a different kind of thing. However, it needs only be more than some food, a table and a location. 　25． 　Even if we are using ordinary plates and are not wearing party dresses, we can still enjoy food and share our ideas of life, love and culture, can't we
A. The age of great hosts is dead with the change of people's lifestyles. B. In fact the dinner party the writer worries about disappearing is another kind. C. The real problem is that people don't know how to make conversation anymore. D. They know exactly which guests to invite so that they can share their favourite food. E. The culture of the dinner party is not necessarily based on money and social influence. F. Yet nowadays, people prefer to eat takeout food on sofa while playing on mobile phones. G. She also expresses dissatisfaction with electronic equipment.
6.（2021·丰台模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Case for Classics
Many high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The Story Of The Stone and other pieces of classic literature. 　26． 　 But there are some good reasons why reading the classics is an important part of a 21st century education.
　27． 　 As students explore texts that were written hundreds of years before, they peer through a window into the world as it was in those days. Being able to hear those voices from the past is a privilege young people should be grateful to have.
Furthermore, as students examine classic works, they begin to see the fabric of history from a different perspective. Absorbed with their own daily activities, most teens rarely think about the fact that human civilization has been around for a long time. 　28． 　 The experiences and perspectives of those people can provide important insights into the challenges that teenagers face today. The wording and style may have changed, but the underlying themes that stir the heart, including love, loss, courage, revolution, and humor, are as true today as they were for the authors of these early works.
One of the most important reasons to study classic literature, however, is to expand one's mind. 　29． 　 To illustrate this, a group of scientists gathered volunteers who agreed to have their brains scanned while reading phrases from classic literature in both their original form and in modern translations. The result of the study showed a significant increase in the brain activity of people reading the original texts.
　30． 　 It connects students to the history and values of the broader human community. It challenges their minds with the ideas and words of people who came before them. Therefore, if today's teens are going to grow as readers, writers, and critical thinkers, it is essential that classic literature remains a part of their education.
A. Clearly, that's why it is so important.
B. Classic literature is important in a high school education.
C. These were things that were on people's minds at that time.
D. Students often wonder why they have to study "ancient" writing.
E. Reading writings from long ago can be like stepping into a time machine.
F. Nor do they realize their lives are connected to the lives of the ancient people.
G. Learning to appreciate an unfamiliar style of writing can stretch the brain and help it grow stronger.
7.（2021·门头沟模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mobile technology impacts all areas of our lives today. The early mobile phones, often referred to as 0G mobile phones, led to the phones used now which rely on 4G or 5G mobile technology. The mobile revolution has enabled global communities to form, but there are concerns too, the impact of which we look at here.
The mobile revolution has seen all of us spend more time online than ever before. Whether catching up with family, shopping, doing research, watching movies or gaming, all of these are now all possible at any time, wherever we are.
Nowadays, almost all businesses offer mobile-accessible sites for smartphones and tablets. Whether you are placing an order for a new pair of jeans, researching the best financial advisor or wanting to play a casino game on the move like blackjack mobile, it is really easy to do all of these. 　31． 　
Since the launch of social media in 1997 with Six Degrees, which allowed users to upload a profile and make friends with other users, there are now many other social media platforms like Facebook (2004). 　32． 　 These offer global communication on a scale never seen before which have led to the rise of social movements such as Black Lives Matter.
　33． 　 The Cambridge Analytica scandal (丑闻) concerning Facebook involved the harvesting of Facebook data of 87 million people that was used for advertising during elections. Also, for young people in particular, social media can harm their self-worth.
Mobile technology means that we have access to information at our fingertips wherever we are. "Google is your friend" is now listed in urban dictionaries, showing how many of us search for instant answers without doing more than pull out our phones or ask Alexa. 　34． 　
The mobile revolution has also seen a rise in fitness devices worn on the wrist. Not only recording lap times, fitness devices can also monitor pulse rates, blood pressure and sleeping patterns. 　35． 　
A. The impact is not all positive.
B. They have a number of functions.
C. What's more, it is very popular with young people.
D. Besides, app technology makes the searching simple.
E. You can begin a game at home and continue it on the bus or train.
F. They can even offer instant health feedback and recommendations.
G. They give us real-time access into the lives of friends, family, celebrities and businesses.
8.（2021高一下·房山期中）任务型阅读
Do you feel your legs trembling before large audiences Do you forget everything you memorized for discussion You are not alone.　36． 　 However, with good preparation and delivery techniques, you can handle even the biggest of audiences.
　37． 　 Challenge yourself to think more about how the performance could go well. Remind yourself why you are doing this performance and why you believe in it. Good feelings will boost your confidence instead of your nerves.
Practice and make good preparation before performance day. Make sure that you know your lines, music, note cards, anything at all, completely by heart. You can go through everything to ensure that you've already been well prepared.　38． 　
If you're participating in a debate or giving a speech, research the topic of discussion thoroughly. This will increase your knowledge of the subject matter. Therefore, you can speak confidently. This is especially important if you will answer questions after the speech!
Get rid of all negative thoughts. If you start telling yourself that you can't do this, you don't know what you're doing, and so on, your confidence will drop dramatically.　39． 　 This will make you think that you can't show confidence on stage no matter how hard you work.
Talk to your friends or fellow performers. Chances are, anyone else that is going on stage with you is lacking confidence as well. It is completely normal to be nervous.　40． 　You can also tell a trusted friend or family member how you are feeling, and they will most likely share their excitement at seeing you on stage.
Getting plenty of rest is really important. You don't want to appear tired for your speech or performance. Allow for your best night's sleep the night before, whether it means going to bed early or listening to some calming music. If you can follow these tips, then you can do it!
A. Imagine it will be your best performance.
B. Don't overdo anything for your performance.
C. Sharing these feelings can help you feel a little relaxed.
D. Anything that you tell yourself regularly, you start to take as reality.
E. Choose the topic that you like and makes you feel secure and confident.
F. This way you won't be worried about the possibility of forgetting something.
G. Even the most professional performers can suffer from lacking confidence on stage.
9.（2021高一下·通州期中）任务型阅读
It's very important to develop new technology wisely so that everyone can benefit form it. Some people believe our technology plan should focus on building spaceships. 　41． 　Which is the better course of action
For those who dream of exploring outer space, the development of high-tech spaceships is important. But just one spaceship can cost billions of dollars. 　42． 　Even the most specialized robots could be designed and built much more cheaply than spaceships. Besides, robots could be used for practical purposes right here on Earth.
Many people who focus on future space exploration talk about solving the key mysteries of space and perhaps even how life comes into being. 　43． 　 Robots will play many new roles in people's life in the future, but even the robots we have now benefit us in practical ways. For example, they can work in dangerous conditions, such as places with very high or low temperatures. They can take apart bombs, build products, or carry out important surgery. 　44． 　
In a word, it's clearly better to give attention, time, and money to the technological development of robots. 　45． 　They also benefit people in ways that are more practical than any benefit from a spaceship.
A. It is way more costly than building a robot.
B. Others believe it should focus on building robots.
C. They are less expensive to develop and more useful.
D. These are all useful things that benefit people right now.
E. Here are some of the advantages of having robots around the house.
F. Technology plays an important role in helping humans work more easily.
G. While this kind of knowledge is interesting, it is not what people need most right now.
10.（2021高二下·海淀期中）任务型阅读
What is a Food Critic
A food critic is a writer who specializes in writing criticisms of food. Like theater and movie critics, food critics are supposed to provide thoughtful, well-informed, and objective information to the public so that members of the public can make decisions about where to spend their money. 　46． 　However some may also engage in more general food writing.
Becoming a food critic takes time. Many food critics pursue professional experiences in the world of food, attending culinary schools, working in restaurants, participating in farming, and so forth. 　47． 　A good food critic is extremely knowledgeable about food, from how certain foods are harvested to the history of various dishes. Food critics also have very well-developed palates, and they may specialize in a particular area.
　48． 　Food critics may move between publishers over the course of their careers, or start working for the food section of a paper and working up to a position as a food critic. A handful of critics become well known and well respected, with most primarily being known only in the area they serve.
Professional integrity is very important for food critics. Many make reservations and visit restaurants anonymously, so that they get an idea of how a restaurant serves ordinary customers. They also make repeat visits so that they can make fair and balanced assessments of a restaurant and its offerings. 　49． 　Implications of favoritism or bribery can ruin the reputation of a food critic.
This is what food critics are like. They describe and evaluate the food, providing opinions on its quality. 　50． 　These can be used as a reference for readers to make decisions.
A. Food critics have the right to score the restaurant.
B. It's important for them to be familiar with varieties of food.
C. Avoidance of gifts from restaurateurs is also very important.
D. Therefore, they can learn about every aspect of the food industry.
E. After considering all aspects of the dining experience, they generate ratings.
F. Food critics primarily write about restaurants from fast food establishments to fancy restaurants.
G. Once a food critic has gained experience, he or she can start writing articles for magazines and newspapers.
11. （2021·东城模拟）任务型阅读
Reversal—change your perspective and solve your problem
It's often your definition of a problem that limits you in finding a suitable solution. Creative solutions require a change of perspective. 　51． 　
The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique that is based on the thought that to change your perspective, you sometimes need to change the order of the words in your problem definition.
How you change the order of the words doesn't matter much, as long as the key words are reversed. 　52． 　 Your challenge is "How do we make sure that fewer people take cars to their work ". Swapping the key words, you could rephrase this challenge as "How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work " In this case, the first statement will make you think of alternative means of transportation, like trains or bikes, while the second statement will probably make you think of solutions like carpooling—fewer cars for the same number of people.
Not every problem statement is suitable for a reversal. Sometimes using this technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether. 　53． 　For instance, the question "how might we sell more washing machines " is not easily reversed—there is no key word to swap with "washing machines". Yet, when you rephrase the question to "How might we sell more washing machines to young parents " you can easily change it to "How might we sell more young parents to washing machines 　54． 　 You could interpret this last sentence as "the washing machine pays the young parents to try it out". Then, you could start communicating to potential buyers how much they will save each year when they choose your energy efficient washing machine.
As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking. 　55． 　 However, thinking about the tiny amount of time it will "cost" you to try out a reversal, you have very little to lose and, potentially, lots to gain.
A. The second problem statement is much more logical.
B. Often it helps to add one more key word to the sentence.
C. Rephrasing your challenge is to change the problem statement.
D. A great way to do this is by "reversing" your problem statement.
E. For instance, imagine you are responsible for limiting the traffic jam in your area.
F. Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thought.
G. Not everyone will be able to move from an unreasonable statement to a useful solution.
12.（2021·房山模拟）任务型阅读
Craftsmanship requires a great deal of time, patience and effort. 　56． 　 Traditionally craftsmen develop their skills through apprenticeship to those masters of the craft who came before them. Although we don't often work that way in this day and age. There are few things that we can do to emulate the process.
Practice everyday design something new, walk through a tutorial work on a personal project. Whatever it takes to getting you working with the tools of your trade each day, the more you do something, the better (and faster) you become at doing it. 　57． 　
Learn to accept criticism and react appropriately. People have a hard time taking criticism of their work. You put so much effort into a piece. it can be difficult to hear that what you have done is not good enough. 　58． 　 criticism isn't personal, you and your critics have the same goal, a quality product.
　59． 　. As I mentioned earlier, this is where all of the difference is made. A true artisan is careful about the details. Take the time to add polish and style to the small things. That can easily go overlooked. Attentiveness to these details raises the quality of our work.
Design for the future. Items that exhibit the quality of craftsmanship are timeless, They are built well, and built to last. 　60． 　 There are always new features in the software we use. People develop new tools that give us more possibilities. But despite the ever-changing face of this industry, it is possible to do work that has longevity.
A. Pay attention to the details.
B. Participate in quality discussion.
C. Trends and costumes change rapidly.
D. Building quality reputations is the key to building craftsmanship.
E. However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.
F. Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.
G. So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.
13.（2021·顺义模拟）任务型阅读
I have met many westerners who do not feel anything to put their feet on the table while sitting on the chair.　61． 　They don't feel like it is a strange or rude thing to do it. And I-know that they don't mean to be ill-behaved. However, in the eyes of a Myanmarese, it is really a very rude thing.
For Myanmarese, the head is the most sacred (神圣的) part of the human body while the feet are the most inferior part.　62． 　They touch ground, dirt, mud and garbage. Just think of all the dirty things lying on the ground. So the Myanmarese regard feet as the most dirty and smelly part of one's body.
　63． 　When you put that dirty part of your body onto other people's clean table, it is like an insult (侮辱) to that person if that person is a Myanmarese. There is nothing more insulting to a Myanmarese than to point your feet towards him.
So, if you want to win the heart of your Myanmarese friends, next time when you drop in on him or he visits you, try not to put your feet on the living room table or point your feet towards him. Indeed, your feet should never be pointing to the direction of a person or a sacred place.　64． 　
Possibly, your Myanmarese friend will not say anything even if you do it. But it does not mean that he is OK with your behavior or approves of your behavior.　65． 　Even if that person is your employee or your house maid, you should never do it to him or her.
A. This seems a normal habit to them.
B. In his heart he will consider you as a rude person.
C. Whatever you do, don't touch the head of a Myanmarese.
D. This is the rule that you must strictly follow in Myanmar.
E. Being the lowest part, they are also considered the dirtiest part.
F. For Myunurese，the dirty part should only be in the lowest place.
G. Myannmarese people do not express themselves as directly as Westerners.
14.（2021·西城模拟）任务型阅读
If you text often, you likely have a "texting style". Do you often use emojis Or what about using correct punctuation (标点) What do all these texting habits say about you To help you understand yourself, here are some texting styles that can tell you a lot about your personality.
Do you always use emojis when you're texting You're most likely someone who is open to showing your emotions and is truthful. 　66． 　 To make sure the other person doesn't get the wrong idea about your messages, you make sure to express the tone of messages with an emoji, which can be often used as effective signals in modern social communication.
If you like to respond in one-word texts like a quick "Good", then you most likely have a more reserved personality, and aren't as open with your true thoughts and feelings. Because you are not as open with your emotions in texts, you may not care how lengthy your response is. But be careful. 　67． 　
Do you value punctuation and grammar in your writing This love of grammar goes straight into your texts as well as your emails. This seems like a great thing, doesn't it But in texting, people seem to think otherwise. Simply placing a period at the end of sentences in texts can make you come across as untrustworthy to others. 　68． 　 With this texting style, you are rooted in logic and always pay attention to the little details.
Are your texts lengthy and thoughtful 　69． 　 Similar to someone who texts with perfect grammar, you are a thoughtful and detail-oriented person, who enjoys deep conversations and likes things that are controlled and stable.
　70． 　 Which texting personality are you Are you a mix of several types It's important to note that everyone has different ways of texting in different situations. Everyone texts their colleagues in a different style from their family or their friends. If you ever think someone may have left you an unclear or rude text, it's better to just ask them in-person what they meant or what they were feeling.
A. Do you relate to any of these texting personalities
B. Do you know that you and your friends may have different styles
C. Such texts may also be rated as less sincere than those that do not.
D. You may be the busy type who doesn't have a lot of time to respond.
E. You're the type of person who understands the importance of context.
F. You want others to know how you're feeling when you're using a message.
G. If you're texting someone with a different text personality, they may view your text as negative.
15.（2021高三上·朝阳期末）任务型阅读
Farms of the Future
Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth's population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. 　71． 　
Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. 　72． 　
Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. 　73． 　 These have been well recognized.
Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.
　74． 　 They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn't be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. 　75． 　 They would need additional light sources.
Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet's need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
A. Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms.
B. That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops.
C. So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.
D. For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.
E. Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities.
F. Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances.
G. They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up.
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阅读理解七选五（北京专版）新高考英语高频考点冲刺专练（解析卷）
1. （2023高三上·丰台期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It won't sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person's wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem (自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
　1． 　 "From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be," states a study.
　2． 　 Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others
Many of us don't have a real sense of our value. It's been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. 　3． 　 This "voice" tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience (良心), this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior. 　4． 　 I encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, "Don't stick your neck out": "No one wants to hear from you"; and "You're going to make a fool of yourself."
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. 　5． 　 We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we're able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A. However, the work doesn't stop there.
B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C. We all carry around a "critical inner voice" that tends to put us down.
D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
【答案】1．G；2．E；3．C；4．F；5．A
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用时，这听起来并不是一个大惊喜。然而令人惊讶的却是，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。这是因为一种“内心批判”在促使人们贬低自己对他人产生的价值。要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，能够做到这一点的程度将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
1．根据空后“‘From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,’ states a study.”一项研究称：“从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物，那些表现出善意的人总是低估了接受者的积极感受，认为他们的行为没有接受者想象的那么有价值。”可知，该部分强调表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.“然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。”在句意上贴合该段主旨，符合语境，故选G。
2．根据空后“Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others ”然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？提出了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句，且上文内容有关，应包含关键词“underestimate(低估，看轻)”含义。 E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. “这种误解表明，人们贬低自己与他人的关系。”符合语境，故选E。
3．根据空后“This ‘voice’ tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.”这种“声音”倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响的声音。 C. We all carry around a "critical inner voice" that tends to put us down. “我们都有一种‘批判的内心声音’，这种声音往往会让我们失望。”提出了名词“批判的内心声音”，符合语境，故选C。
4．根据空前“Unlike a conscience, this inner critic doesn't motivate positive behavior.”与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。提出了“内心批判”是消极的，可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.“相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。”讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F。
5．根据空前“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others.”对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式；以及空后“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.”我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。则提到了下一个步骤，可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后文。A. However, the work doesn't stop there.“然而，这项工作并不止于此。”为转折句，“the work”呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A。
2. （2023高三上·大兴期末）任务型阅读
Not every day is going to be great. Not every day is going to be your wedding day, graduation, or birthday. We have our routines; we go to school and meet a lot of the same people. Usually long periods of time in our lives are devoted to doing a specific set of things. The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. 　6． 　
Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (单调的) life. 　7． 　 In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction.
　8． 　 Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments.
Now this is not to say that life shouldn't be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. 　9． 　 Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon.
Hence, I urge you to try it. 　10． 　 Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. Not every day is going to be the best day of your life; but it can still be special.
A. However, casual magic is the road to happiness. B. To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic. C. An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature. D. Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling. E. Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment. F. We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic. G. It is centered around curiosity and focuses the energy on observing and reflecting on the little things.
【答案】6．B；7．E；8．C；9．D；10．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，生活尽管单调，也经常会给我们压力，作者建议大家试试休闲魔术，多多发现生活中美好的事物，即使面对消极的事情，也能倾听和检查任何负面情绪，并从消极的事情中有所得，从而获得更高的生活满意度。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
6．根据空前"The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions.”生活的压力会使我们与周围环境脱节，更容易与我们的需求和情绪失去联系。B. To prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic.“为了防止这种情况，请应用休闲魔法的概念。”，B项中的this，指代上文提及的现象，B项与上文为顺接关系，并引出本文话题casual magic，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选B。
7．根据空前“Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane (单调的) life.”从本质上讲，休闲魔术是练习在单调生活中的小时刻看到美的习惯。可知，生活尽管很单调，但休闲魔术鼓励人们发现某些小时刻中存在的美好；以及空后"In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satisfaction.”在一项调查这对你的情绪有什么影响的研究中，282名参与者被观察到他们所做的事情的积极影响。研究人员发现，在场并专注于积极的时刻会产生更高的积极影响，并导致更高的生活满意度。可知，在场、关注积极的时刻对人产生积极影响；E. Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment. “把你的屏幕放在一边，在场，给自己一个机会去找到那个特殊的时刻。”中的find that special moment与上文中的seeing the beauty in small moments of mundane相呼应，下文中的In a study that investigated what this does to your mood中的this指代E项内容，同时be present也是复现词。上下文语意衔接连贯顺畅。故选E。
8．根据空后"Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments.”你有没有走过一片森林，或者看到屋顶上的阳光，注意到颜色是多么鲜艳？或者你有没有感觉到微风吹过你的脸？你只需要学习如何珍惜和享受这些时刻。可知，此处描述了大自然中的美好；C. An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature.“练习休闲魔术的一个充分例子是自然”，与下文语意一致，故选C。
9．根据空前"Now this is not to say that life shouldn't be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. ”这并不是说生活不应该是消极的，我们应该忽略生活中发生的所有坏事；D. Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling. “相反，休闲魔术允许我们倾听和检查任何负面情绪。”与上文为转折关系；空后“Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. ”这种情绪可能是一个信号，表明是时候推动变化和成长了。消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠。承接D项，解释了休闲魔术对负面情绪的态度。上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选D。
10．根据空前“Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. ”消极的事情应该被认为是学习的机会，不应该被纠缠；“Hence, I urge you to try it.”因此，我敦促您尝试一下休闲魔术。可知，休闲魔术中，我们不必纠结那些消极的事情；以及空后“Appreciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. ”欣赏一些小事：阳光照在窗帘上，树叶有多绿，和朋友一起笑的快乐，冰淇淋的味道。休闲魔术中，我们可以多多关注美好的小事，F. We should learn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of casual magic.“我们应该从消极的事情中学习，继续欣赏休闲魔术的时刻”，F项有承上启下的作用，negative things和appreciating为复现词，上下文衔接连贯顺畅。故选F。
3.（2023高二上·北京期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Is Emotional Eating
Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of satisfying hunger. 　11． 　 Have you ever finished a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downed cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test But when done a lot—especially without realizing it—emotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being.
Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings.
　12． 　 One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it's caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they're stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine's Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce. 　13． 　
Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. 　14． 　 It's not easy to "unlearn" patterns of emotional eating. But it is possible. And it starts with an awareness of what's going on.
We're all emotional eaters to a degree. But for some people emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain or other problems. The trouble with emotional eating is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you like. 　15． 　
Next time you reach for a snack, wait and think about which type of hunger is driving it.
A. Believe it or not, we've all been there. B. One study found that people who eat food like pizza become happy afterwards. C. Understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it. D. Boys seem to prefer hot, homemade comfort meals, while girls go for chocolate and ice cream. E. That's why it helps to know the difference between physical hunger and emotional hunger. F. More often, though, it's the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort in food. G. If a crying boy gets some cookies, he may link cookies with comfort.
【答案】11．A；12．C；13．F；14．G；15．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了情绪化进食就是用吃来排解信中的情绪，但如果吃得太多，情绪化进食会影响体重、健康和整体幸福感，所以要控制。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
11．根据空前"Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of satisfying hunger.”情绪化进食是指人们用食物来处理情绪而不是满足饥饿感。指出情绪化进食是为了排解情绪，而不是为了满足饥饿感；以及空后"Have you ever finished a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downed cookie after cookie while preparing for a big test ”你有没有在准备大考的时候，因为无聊吃完一整袋薯片或者一块接一块地吃饼干？以提问的方式举例说明我们都有这种情绪化进食情况，由此可知，空处应该引起下文，A. Believe it or not, we've all been there.“信不信由你，我们都经历过。”符合语境，故选A。
12．根据空后"One of the biggest myths about emotional eating is that it's caused by negative feelings. Yes, people often turn to food when they're stressed out, lonely, sad, anxious, or bored. But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine's Day or the celebration of a holiday feast.”关于情绪化饮食最大的误区之一就是它是由负面情绪引起的。是的，人们经常在压力大、孤独、悲伤、焦虑或无聊时求助于食物。但是情绪化的饮食也可以和积极的情绪联系起来，比如情人节分享甜点的浪漫或者节日盛宴的庆祝。指出引起情绪化进食的原因，C. Understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change it.“了解情绪化饮食的驱动因素可以帮助人们采取措施改变它。”符合语境，引起下文，指出要了解情绪化驱动的原因，故选C。
13．根据空前"But emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too, like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentine's Day or the celebration of a holiday feast. Sometimes emotional eating is tied to major life events, like a death or a divorce.”但是情绪化的饮食也可以和积极的情绪联系起来，比如情人节分享甜点的浪漫或者节日盛宴的庆祝。有时情绪化进食与重大生活事件有关，比如死亡或离婚。从不同方面介绍了情绪化进食的原因，空处应该也应是描述情绪化进食的原因，F. More often, though, it's the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort in food.“但更多的时候，是无数的日常压力导致人们在食物中寻求安慰。承接上文，介绍的是情绪化进食的原因，故选F。
14．根据空前"Emotional eating patterns can be learned: A child who is given candy after a big achievement may grow up using candy as a reward for a job well done. ”情绪化的饮食模式是可以学习的: 一个孩子在取得巨大成就后得到糖果，他长大后可能会用糖果作为工作出色的奖励。介绍了食物和情绪之间联系的一个例子，G. If a crying boy gets some cookies, he may link cookies with comfort.“如果一个哭泣的男孩得到一些饼干，他可能会把饼干与舒适联系起来。”承接上文，介绍饮食和情绪之间联联系的另外一个例子，故选G。
15．根据空前" But for some people emotional eating can be a real problem, causing serious weight gain or other problems. The trouble with emotional eating is that once the pleasure of eating is gone, the feelings that cause it remain. And you often may feel worse about eating the amount or type of food you like. ”但对一些人来说，情绪化饮食可能是一个真正的问题，导致严重的体重增加或其他问题。情绪化进食的问题在于，一旦进食的乐趣消失，引起进食的感觉就会留存下来。而且你经常会对你喜欢吃的食物的数量或类型感到更糟糕。指出情绪化进食的危害，所以我们要了解身体饥饿和情感饥饿之间的区别。E. That's why it helps to know the difference between physical hunger and emotional hunger.“这就是为什么了解身体饥饿和情感饥饿之间的区别是有好处的。”符合语境，对上文进行总结，故选E。
4.（2023高一上·密云期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Confidence is at the heart of every successful person and it holds the key to success. Regardless of how knowledgeable you are in your professional field, your success will be limited if you lack confidence. Actually, confidence isn't what you're born with, but something learned over time. 　16． 　
Know yourself. Take a long look in the mirror and make an honest and accurate judgement of your strengths and weaknesses. Continue to build upon your strengths, as this will increase your confidence. 　17． 　 We all have areas in our professional and personal lives that need to be improved. 　18． 　 Instead, it only holds back your success and keeps your confidence low.
　19． 　 Whether you like it or not, people make judgments about you based upon how you dress. You only have one chance to make a good first impression. How you dress directly shows how you feel about yourself. Research shows that you will feel differently about yourself if you are wearing a business suit or sweat pants and a T-shirt. Therefore, be highly aware of your appearance. Dress in a manner that reflects who you are.
Go step by step. You can increase your confidence by seeking out one new challenge at a time. 　20． 　 Move on to the next one when one challenge is successfully achieved. Success builds upon itself, therefore success brings success—all fueled by increased confidence!
A. Dress for success. B. Put pressure on yourself. C. Forgetting them does not make them go away. D. Research shows confident people always seek out new challenges. E. Meanwhile, take an effective method toward improving your weaknesses. F. The following are three key tricks you may learn to increase your confidence. G. What you wear will unintentionally show your weaknesses to those around you.
【答案】16．F；17．E；18．C；19．A；20．D
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些建立自信的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Actually, confidence isn't what you're born with, but something learned over time.”事实上，自信不是与生俱来的，而是后天习得的。提出观点，表示自信是后天习得的；下文每段段首给出学会自信的方法。由此推出，空处承上启下，需要对后文获得自信的三种方式进行基本的介绍。 F. The following are three key tricks you may learn to increase your confidence. “下面是你可以学习的三个增加自信的关键技巧。”符合语境，故选F。
17．根据空前"Take a long look in the mirror and make an honest and accurate judgement of your strengths and weaknesses. Continue to build upon your strengths, as this will increase your confidence.”好好照照镜子，诚实准确地判断自己的优点和缺点。继续建立你的优势，因为这将增加你的信心。作者要求大家要准确地判断自己的优缺点，并讲解了对于优势需要继续保持，故后文是告诉大家如何应对自己的缺点。E. Meanwhile, take an effective method toward improving your weaknesses.“同时，采取有效的方法来改进你的缺点。”符合语境，且weakness为原文复现。故选E。
18．根据空前"We all have areas in our professional and personal lives that need to be improved.”在我们的职业和个人生活中，我们都有需要改进的地方。继续提及改进缺点；以及空后“Instead, it only holds back your success and keeps your confidence low.”相反，它只会阻碍你的成功，降低你的信心。表示转折，并结合常识可知，改进缺点不会阻碍成功，由此推测空处应该是在说如何应对缺点反而会阻碍我们成功。 C. Forgetting them does not make them go away. “忘记它们并不会让它们消失。”符合语境，其中them“它们”代指上文提到的“需要改进的地方”，后文it代指“忘记它们”这件事。故选C。
19．根据空后“Whether you like it or not, people make judgments about you based upon how you dress.”不管你喜不喜欢，人们都是根据你的穿着来评价你的。可推知本段主旨句也应该与“穿着”相关。 A. Dress for success. “穿着对标成功”符合语境，故选A。
20．根据空前"You can increase your confidence by seeking out one new challenge at a time.”你可以通过一次寻找一个新的挑战来增加你的信心；以及空后“Move on to the next one when one challenge is successfully achieved.”成功完成一个挑战后继续下一个挑战。均提及关键词challenge“挑战”，空处承上启下，也需要提及该关键词。D. Research shows confident people always seek out new challenges.“研究表明自信的人总是寻求新的挑战。”符合语境，故选D。
5.（2023高一上·延庆期末）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The dinner party is disappearing according to an article in The New York Times. "How can this be " You might wonder. Don't we meet with friends to taste food in the hottest restaurants Aren't we invited by friends to enjoy home-cooked meals And we throw parties for friends on special occasions, don't we
　21． 　It is more formal and usually hosted in one's home. Invitations are sent out ahead and hosts prepare food with great care. A beautiful tablecloth is spread out on the dinner table, which is then set with expensive cutlery (餐具). Guests dress up for the occasion and are expected to carry on a conversation at the table.　22． 　
Is it because people are too busy to cook for others and then invite them to the table Perhaps, but there are many food lovers nowadays, and TV programs teaching people how to cook are very popular. 　23． 　According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. They don't know how to share their experiences and feelings with others in a proper way. 　24． 　In her opinion, its influence has been harmful to human communication. "People don't even respond to dinner invitation anymore," she said. "Not only do they cancel at the last minute, they do it by text message."
Things have changed a lot today. Perhaps the dinner party has just become a different kind of thing. However, it needs only be more than some food, a table and a location. 　25． 　Even if we are using ordinary plates and are not wearing party dresses, we can still enjoy food and share our ideas of life, love and culture, can't we
A. The age of great hosts is dead with the change of people's lifestyles. B. In fact the dinner party the writer worries about disappearing is another kind. C. The real problem is that people don't know how to make conversation anymore. D. They know exactly which guests to invite so that they can share their favourite food. E. The culture of the dinner party is not necessarily based on money and social influence. F. Yet nowadays, people prefer to eat takeout food on sofa while playing on mobile phones. G. She also expresses dissatisfaction with electronic equipment.
【答案】21．B；22．F；23．C；24．G；25．E
【知识点】社会现象类；说明文；七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者在文中分析了the dinner party消失的原因，并提出the dinner party应与时俱进，适应现代生活，继续发挥它的交流作用。
A. 随着人们生活方式的改变，大主人的时代已经过去了。
B. 事实上，作者担心消失的晚宴是另一种形式。
C. 真正的问题是人们不再知道如何交谈了。
D. 他们知道邀请哪些客人，这样他们就可以分享他们最喜欢的食物。
E. 饭局文化并不一定建立在金钱和社会影响力的基础上。
F. 然而如今，人们更喜欢在沙发上吃外卖，一边玩手机。
G. 她还表达了对电子设备的不满。
【点评】七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
21．根据空格后的句子“It is more formal and usually hosted in one's home它比较正式，通常在家里举行”，可知句中的it指代的应是空格处提到的dinner party，而不是作者在第一段提到的和朋友们外出聚餐或者家里的便饭；结合选项，可知“ In fact the dinner party the writer worries about disappearing is another kind”符合语境要求，可以使上下文连贯，故选B。
22．根据空格前的句子，可知空格前提到的都是the dinner party应该有的样子；选项F“Yet nowadays, people prefer to eat takeout food on sofa while playing on mobile phones”把现在人们的常态与之前提到的the dinner party应该有的状态进行了对比，用yet连接，符合语境要求，故选F。
23．根据空格后的“According to Judith Martin, a US writer, people have been brought up to express themselves rather than to exchange ideas. They don't know how to share their experiences and feelings with others in a proper way美国作家朱迪思 马丁(Judith Martin)认为，人们在成长过程中学会了表达自己，而不是交流思想。他们不知道如何以适当的方式与他人分享他们的经历和感受”，可知作者在此处提到的人们不知道如何与他人进行对话和交流，故选C。
24．空格前作者阐述了the dinner party消失的原因，空格后作者得出结论——这样不利于人与人之间的交流，结合选项，可知空格处作者阐述了另一个the dinner party消失的原因，即“电子设备的使用”，故选G。
25．根据空格前的“ it needs only be more than some food, a table and a location它需要的不仅仅是一些食物，一张桌子和一个地点，结合选项，可知作者认为the dinner party上的食物、餐具等都不是那么重要，重要的应该是这种文化不应该以这些物质为基础，故选E。
6.（2021·丰台模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Case for Classics
Many high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The Story Of The Stone and other pieces of classic literature. 　26． 　 But there are some good reasons why reading the classics is an important part of a 21st century education.
　27． 　 As students explore texts that were written hundreds of years before, they peer through a window into the world as it was in those days. Being able to hear those voices from the past is a privilege young people should be grateful to have.
Furthermore, as students examine classic works, they begin to see the fabric of history from a different perspective. Absorbed with their own daily activities, most teens rarely think about the fact that human civilization has been around for a long time. 　28． 　 The experiences and perspectives of those people can provide important insights into the challenges that teenagers face today. The wording and style may have changed, but the underlying themes that stir the heart, including love, loss, courage, revolution, and humor, are as true today as they were for the authors of these early works.
One of the most important reasons to study classic literature, however, is to expand one's mind. 　29． 　 To illustrate this, a group of scientists gathered volunteers who agreed to have their brains scanned while reading phrases from classic literature in both their original form and in modern translations. The result of the study showed a significant increase in the brain activity of people reading the original texts.
　30． 　 It connects students to the history and values of the broader human community. It challenges their minds with the ideas and words of people who came before them. Therefore, if today's teens are going to grow as readers, writers, and critical thinkers, it is essential that classic literature remains a part of their education.
A. Clearly, that's why it is so important.
B. Classic literature is important in a high school education.
C. These were things that were on people's minds at that time.
D. Students often wonder why they have to study "ancient" writing.
E. Reading writings from long ago can be like stepping into a time machine.
F. Nor do they realize their lives are connected to the lives of the ancient people.
G. Learning to appreciate an unfamiliar style of writing can stretch the brain and help it grow stronger.
【答案】26．D；27．E；28．F；29．G；30．B
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，从古典文学对学生的好处论述了古典文学在高中课程大纲中的重要性。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
26．根据空前“Many high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The Story Of The Stone and other pieces of classic literature.”许多高中生看到语文课程大纲，看到文学作业包括《石头记》和其他经典文学作品时，都会抱怨；以及空后“But there are some good reasons why reading the classics is an important part of a 21st century education.”但是，阅读经典著作是21世纪教育的一个重要组成部分，有一些很好的理由。可知，上文讲学生在阅读古典文学作品时会抱怨，下文进行转折讲阅读古典著作也有一些很好的理由，可得出该空填写内容应与学生不理解阅读古典文学的目的和理由相关，承接上下文， D. Students often wonder why they have to study "ancient" writing.“学生们常常想知道为什么他们要学习‘古代’文字作品。”符合语境，故选D。
27．根据空后“As students explore texts that were written hundreds of years before, they peer through a window into the world as it was in those days.”当学生们探索几百年前写的课文时，他们透过窗户窥视着当时的世界。可知，下文讲阅读几百年前的文章，学生就像透过窗户窥视着几百年前的世界。其中“a window into the world as it was in those days”对应E选项中的“a time machine”，都指能够了解过去发生的事，承接下文，E. Reading writings from long ago can be like stepping into a time machine.“阅读很久以前的作品就像踏进时间机器。”符合语境，故选E。
28．根据空前“Absorbed with their own daily activities, most teens rarely think about the fact that human civilization has been around for a long time.”大多数青少年沉迷于自己的日常活动，很少想到人类文明已经存在了很长一段时间。可知，上文批判了青少年对古典文学作品的漠视，那么该空极有可能再次批判青少年漠视古典文学这一问题，承接上文，F. Nor do they realize their lives are connected to the lives of the ancient people.“他们也没有意识到自己的生活与古人的生活息息相关。”符合语境。故选F。
29．根据空前“One of the most important reasons to study classic literature, however, is to expand one's mind.”然而，研究古典文学最重要的一个原因是开拓自己的视野；以及空后“To illustrate this, a group of scientists gathered volunteers who agreed to have their brains scanned while reading phrases from classic literature in both their original form and in modern translations. The result of the study showed a significant increase in the brain activity of people reading the original texts.”为了说明这一点，一组科学家召集了一些志愿者，他们同意在阅读古典文学中的短语（原始形式和现代翻译形式）时，对他们的大脑进行扫描。研究结果显示，阅读原文的人大脑活动显著增加。可知，阅读古典文学这种与现代文学风格不同的文学形式，人能开拓大脑，大脑更活跃、更强壮，承接上下文，G. Learning to appreciate an unfamiliar style of writing can stretch the brain and help it grow stronger.“学会欣赏一种不熟悉的写作风格可以拉伸大脑，帮助它变得更强壮。”符合语境，故选G。
30．根据空前“Many high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The Story Of The Stone and other pieces of classic literature.”许多高中生看到语文课程大纲，看到文学作业包括《石头记》和其他经典文学作品时，都会抱怨。上文关于“古典文学对学生的好处”；以及空后“It connects students to the history and values of the broader human community. It challenges their minds with the ideas and words of people who came before them. Therefore, if today's teens are going to grow as readers, writers, and critical thinkers, it is essential that classic literature remains a part of their education.”它将学生与更广泛的人类社会的历史和价值观联系起来。它挑战他们的思想与前面的人的话。因此，如果今天的青少年要成长为读者、作家和批判性思想者，古典文学仍然是他们教育中至关重要的一部分。可知，全文从古典文学对学生的好处论述了古典文学在高中课程大纲中的重要性，说明古典文学在高中教育中很重要，承接上下文，B. Classic literature is important in a high school education.“古典文学在高中教育中占有重要地位。”符合语境，故选B。
7.（2021·门头沟模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mobile technology impacts all areas of our lives today. The early mobile phones, often referred to as 0G mobile phones, led to the phones used now which rely on 4G or 5G mobile technology. The mobile revolution has enabled global communities to form, but there are concerns too, the impact of which we look at here.
The mobile revolution has seen all of us spend more time online than ever before. Whether catching up with family, shopping, doing research, watching movies or gaming, all of these are now all possible at any time, wherever we are.
Nowadays, almost all businesses offer mobile-accessible sites for smartphones and tablets. Whether you are placing an order for a new pair of jeans, researching the best financial advisor or wanting to play a casino game on the move like blackjack mobile, it is really easy to do all of these. 　31． 　
Since the launch of social media in 1997 with Six Degrees, which allowed users to upload a profile and make friends with other users, there are now many other social media platforms like Facebook (2004). 　32． 　 These offer global communication on a scale never seen before which have led to the rise of social movements such as Black Lives Matter.
　33． 　 The Cambridge Analytica scandal (丑闻) concerning Facebook involved the harvesting of Facebook data of 87 million people that was used for advertising during elections. Also, for young people in particular, social media can harm their self-worth.
Mobile technology means that we have access to information at our fingertips wherever we are. "Google is your friend" is now listed in urban dictionaries, showing how many of us search for instant answers without doing more than pull out our phones or ask Alexa. 　34． 　
The mobile revolution has also seen a rise in fitness devices worn on the wrist. Not only recording lap times, fitness devices can also monitor pulse rates, blood pressure and sleeping patterns. 　35． 　
A. The impact is not all positive.
B. They have a number of functions.
C. What's more, it is very popular with young people.
D. Besides, app technology makes the searching simple.
E. You can begin a game at home and continue it on the bus or train.
F. They can even offer instant health feedback and recommendations.
G. They give us real-time access into the lives of friends, family, celebrities and businesses.
【答案】31．E；32．G；33．A；34．D；35．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了移动技术的发展给我们生活各个方面带来的影响。
【点评】考查七选五，本文 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
31．根据空前“Nowadays, almost all businesses offer mobile-accessible sites for smartphones and tablets. Whether you are placing an order for a new pair of jeans, researching the best financial advisor or wanting to play a casino game on the move like blackjack mobile, it is really easy to do all of these. ”如今，几乎所有的企业都为智能手机和平板电脑提供可移动访问的网站。无论你是下订单买一条新牛仔裤，研究最好的理财顾问，还是想像21点移动游戏一样在移动中玩赌场游戏，所有这些都很容易做到。提到了我们很容易就可以在网站上买东西，做咨询，玩游戏。E. You can begin a game at home and continue it on the bus or train.“你可以在家开始游戏，然后在公共汽车或火车上继续 ”承接上文，进一步表明网络，网站给我们带来的便利，故选E。
32．根据空前“Since the launch of social media in 1997 with Six Degrees, which allowed users to upload a profile and make friends with other users, there are now many other social media platforms like Facebook (2004).”自从1997年推出了允许用户上传个人资料并与其他用户交朋友的社交 媒体“六度”（Six Degrees）以来，现在有许多其他社交媒体平台，如Facebook(2004))。提到了可以上传个人资料的社交平台。E. You can begin a game at home and continue it on the bus or train.“它们让我们实时了解朋友、家人、名人和企业的生活。”承接上文，正是因为可以上传个人资料，所以我们可以实时了解很多信息，介绍了社交平台的优点，故选G。
33．根据空后“The Cambridge Analytica scandal (丑闻) concerning Facebook involved the harvesting of Facebook data of 87 million people that was used for advertising during elections. Also, for young people in particular, social media can harm their self-worth. ”剑桥分析公司（Cambridge Analytica）有关Facebook的丑闻涉及收集8700万人的Facebook数据，这些数据在选举期间用于做广告。另外，尤其是对年轻人来说，社交媒体会损害他们的自我价值。提到了移动技术带来的负面的影响，A. The impact is not all positive.“影响并不都是正面的”，放在段首，概括本段的中心意思，故选A。
34．根据空前“Mobile technology means that we have access to information at our fingertips, wherever we are. ‘Google is your friend’ is now listed in urban dictionaries, showing how many of us search for instant answers without doing more than pull out our phones or ask Alexa.”移动技术意味着，无论身在何处，我们都可以随时获取信息。“谷歌是你的朋友”现在被列在城市词典中，显示出我们中有多少人只需掏出手机或询问Alexa就可以搜索即时答案。表明了移动技术可是让我们随时搜索答案。D. Besides, app technology makes the searching simple.“此外，应用技术使搜索变得简单 ”，承接上文都是有关移动技术对搜索的影响，故选D。
35．根据空前“The mobile revolution has also seen a rise in fitness devices worn on the wrist. Not only recording lap times, fitness devices can also monitor pulse rates, blood pressure and sleeping patterns. ”移动革命也见证了佩戴在手腕上的健身设备的兴起。这种设备不仅可以记录单圈时间，还可以监测脉搏率、血压和睡眠模式。介绍了这种设备的功能，F. They can even offer instant health feedback and recommendations.“他们甚至可以提供即时的健康反馈和建议”进一步介绍了健身设备的作用，承接了上文，故选F。
8.（2021高一下·房山期中）任务型阅读
Do you feel your legs trembling before large audiences Do you forget everything you memorized for discussion You are not alone.　36． 　 However, with good preparation and delivery techniques, you can handle even the biggest of audiences.
　37． 　 Challenge yourself to think more about how the performance could go well. Remind yourself why you are doing this performance and why you believe in it. Good feelings will boost your confidence instead of your nerves.
Practice and make good preparation before performance day. Make sure that you know your lines, music, note cards, anything at all, completely by heart. You can go through everything to ensure that you've already been well prepared.　38． 　
If you're participating in a debate or giving a speech, research the topic of discussion thoroughly. This will increase your knowledge of the subject matter. Therefore, you can speak confidently. This is especially important if you will answer questions after the speech!
Get rid of all negative thoughts. If you start telling yourself that you can't do this, you don't know what you're doing, and so on, your confidence will drop dramatically.　39． 　 This will make you think that you can't show confidence on stage no matter how hard you work.
Talk to your friends or fellow performers. Chances are, anyone else that is going on stage with you is lacking confidence as well. It is completely normal to be nervous.　40． 　You can also tell a trusted friend or family member how you are feeling, and they will most likely share their excitement at seeing you on stage.
Getting plenty of rest is really important. You don't want to appear tired for your speech or performance. Allow for your best night's sleep the night before, whether it means going to bed early or listening to some calming music. If you can follow these tips, then you can do it!
A. Imagine it will be your best performance.
B. Don't overdo anything for your performance.
C. Sharing these feelings can help you feel a little relaxed.
D. Anything that you tell yourself regularly, you start to take as reality.
E. Choose the topic that you like and makes you feel secure and confident.
F. This way you won't be worried about the possibility of forgetting something.
G. Even the most professional performers can suffer from lacking confidence on stage.
【答案】36．G；37．A；38．F；39．D；40．C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何在舞台上保持自信的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
36．根据空前“Do you feel your legs trembling before large audiences Do you forget everything you memorized for discussion You are not alone.”你觉得在大批观众面前双腿发抖吗 你忘记了所有你记住的讨论内容吗 你并不孤单。可知，这些紧张的症状并不是你一个人有，G项中大多数专业表演者也有舞台缺乏自信的情况。“your legs trembling”以及“ forget everything ”是“lacking confidence on stage.”的表现。故选G。
37．根据空后“Challenge yourself to think more about how the performance could go well. Remind yourself why you are doing this performance and why you believe in it. Good feelings will boost your confidence instead of your nerves.”挑战自己，多想想如何才能让表现顺利进行。提醒自己为什么要做这个表演，为什么你相信它。良好的感觉会增强你的信心而不是神经。可知，此处是本段的主旨句，“ think more about”和选项A中“imagine”是同义词，这是让自己想象这是一场最好的表演，故选A。
38．根据空前“Make sure that you know your lines, music, note cards, anything at all, completely by heart. You can go through everything to ensure that you've already been well prepared.”确保你完全记住你的台词，音乐，笔记卡片，任何东西。你可以通过一切来确保你已经做好了充分的准备。可知，前面讲述了一些避免忘词的有效方法，选项F中“this way ”就是指前面的方法。故选F。
39．根据空前“Get rid of all negative thoughts. If you start telling yourself that you can't do this, you don't know what you're doing, and so on, your confidence will drop dramatically.”摆脱所有消极的想法。如果你开始告诉自己你做不到，你不知道你在做什么，等等，你的信心就会急剧下降；以及空后“ This will make you think that you can't show confidence on stage no matter how hard you work.”这会让你觉得无论你多么努力，都无法在舞台上展现自信。可知，此处承上启下，前面是假如我们一直告诉自己什么，我们就会当真，后面说到这样做得不良后果就是会影响我们的自信。故选D。
40．根据空前“Talk to your friends or fellow performers. Chances are, anyone else that is going on stage with you is lacking confidence as well. It is completely normal to be nervous.”和你的朋友或其他表演者交谈。很有可能，和你同台的其他人也都缺乏自信。紧张是完全正常的；以及空后“You can also tell a trusted friend or family member how you are feeling, and they will most likely share their excitement at seeing you on stage.”你也可以告诉你信任的朋友或家人你的感受，他们很可能会分享他们看到你在舞台上的兴奋。可知，这里介绍了克服紧张的方法，“You can also tell a trusted friend or family member ”这是建议分享，因为分享可以让人放松。故选C。
9.（2021高一下·通州期中）任务型阅读
It's very important to develop new technology wisely so that everyone can benefit form it. Some people believe our technology plan should focus on building spaceships. 　41． 　Which is the better course of action
For those who dream of exploring outer space, the development of high-tech spaceships is important. But just one spaceship can cost billions of dollars. 　42． 　Even the most specialized robots could be designed and built much more cheaply than spaceships. Besides, robots could be used for practical purposes right here on Earth.
Many people who focus on future space exploration talk about solving the key mysteries of space and perhaps even how life comes into being. 　43． 　 Robots will play many new roles in people's life in the future, but even the robots we have now benefit us in practical ways. For example, they can work in dangerous conditions, such as places with very high or low temperatures. They can take apart bombs, build products, or carry out important surgery. 　44． 　
In a word, it's clearly better to give attention, time, and money to the technological development of robots. 　45． 　They also benefit people in ways that are more practical than any benefit from a spaceship.
A. It is way more costly than building a robot.
B. Others believe it should focus on building robots.
C. They are less expensive to develop and more useful.
D. These are all useful things that benefit people right now.
E. Here are some of the advantages of having robots around the house.
F. Technology plays an important role in helping humans work more easily.
G. While this kind of knowledge is interesting, it is not what people need most right now.
【答案】41．B；42．A；43．G；44．D；45．C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了建设宇宙飞船和制造机器人哪个对人们更有益，最后给出制造机器人更有益的结论。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科技类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
41．根据空前“Some people believe our technology plan should focus on building spaceships.”有些人认为我们的技术计划应该集中在建造宇宙飞船上。说明一些人的观点，B. Others believe it should focus on building robots.“其他人认为它应该专注于制造机器人。”承接上文，阐明其他人的观点，引出下文“Which is the better course of action ”哪个是更好的行动方案 针对上面两种方案发出疑问。选项中Others和上文中Some people相对应，其中focus on词汇重叠，上下文语义通顺，逻辑合理。故选B。
42．根据空前“But just one spaceship can cost billions of dollars.”但仅仅一艘宇宙飞船就可以花费数十亿美元。说明了制造宇宙飞船非常昂贵，A. It is way more costly than building a robot.“这比制造一个机器人成本大得多。”承接上文，说明制造飞船比机器人贵得多，引出下文“Even the most specialized robots could be designed and built much more cheaply than spaceships.”即使是最专业的机器人也可以被设计和建造得比宇宙飞船便宜得多。继续介绍制造机器人的成本便宜的多。选项中more costly和下文中much more cheaply相对应，语义通顺，逻辑合理。故选A。
43．根据空前“Many people who focus on future space exploration talk about solving the key mysteries of space and perhaps even how life comes into being.”许多关注未来太空探索的人谈论解决太空的关键奥秘，甚至可能是生命是如何产生的。说明关注太空的意义所在，G. While this kind of knowledge is interesting, it is not what people need most right now.“虽然这种知识很有趣，但它不是人们现在最需要的。”解释了对太空关注很有趣，但并不急需。上下文描述对象一致，语义通顺，逻辑合理。故选G。
44．根据空前“Robots will play many new roles in people's life in the future, but even the robots we have now benefit us in practical ways.”机器人将在未来的人们的生活中扮演许多新的角色，但即使是我们现在的机器人在实际方面使我们受益。及其举例说明机器人在实际上对我们很有益，D. These are all useful things that benefit people right now.“这些都是现在对人们有益的事情。”承接上文，总结上文内容，说明机器人对人们有更有益。选项中benefit和上文中benefit词汇重叠，语义一致。故选D。
45．根据空后“They also benefit people in ways that are more practical than any benefit from a spaceship.”它们对人们的好处比宇宙飞船的任何好处都要实际。说明机器人比宇宙飞船好处更实际，C. They are less expensive to develop and more useful.“他们更便宜开发并且更有用。”说明机器人更便宜更有用，选项中more useful和下文中more practical语义相关，上下文语义一致，逻辑合理。故选C。
10.（2021高二下·海淀期中）任务型阅读
What is a Food Critic
A food critic is a writer who specializes in writing criticisms of food. Like theater and movie critics, food critics are supposed to provide thoughtful, well-informed, and objective information to the public so that members of the public can make decisions about where to spend their money. 　46． 　However some may also engage in more general food writing.
Becoming a food critic takes time. Many food critics pursue professional experiences in the world of food, attending culinary schools, working in restaurants, participating in farming, and so forth. 　47． 　A good food critic is extremely knowledgeable about food, from how certain foods are harvested to the history of various dishes. Food critics also have very well-developed palates, and they may specialize in a particular area.
　48． 　Food critics may move between publishers over the course of their careers, or start working for the food section of a paper and working up to a position as a food critic. A handful of critics become well known and well respected, with most primarily being known only in the area they serve.
Professional integrity is very important for food critics. Many make reservations and visit restaurants anonymously, so that they get an idea of how a restaurant serves ordinary customers. They also make repeat visits so that they can make fair and balanced assessments of a restaurant and its offerings. 　49． 　Implications of favoritism or bribery can ruin the reputation of a food critic.
This is what food critics are like. They describe and evaluate the food, providing opinions on its quality. 　50． 　These can be used as a reference for readers to make decisions.
A. Food critics have the right to score the restaurant.
B. It's important for them to be familiar with varieties of food.
C. Avoidance of gifts from restaurateurs is also very important.
D. Therefore, they can learn about every aspect of the food industry.
E. After considering all aspects of the dining experience, they generate ratings.
F. Food critics primarily write about restaurants from fast food establishments to fancy restaurants.
G. Once a food critic has gained experience, he or she can start writing articles for magazines and newspapers.
【答案】46．F；47．D；48．G；49．C；50．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“美食评论家”这种职业，他们是专门写食物评论的作家，为公众提供深思熟虑的、见多识广的和客观的信息，以便公众可以决定他们的钱花在哪里。同时介绍了这种职业的一些特点和职业要求等。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
46．根据空前“A food critic is a writer who specializes in writing criticisms of food. Like theater and movie critics, food critics are supposed to provide thoughtful, well-informed, and objective information to the public so that members of the public can make decisions about where to spend their money.”食物评论家是专门写食物评论的作家。就像戏剧和电影评论家一样，美食评论家应该为公众提供深思熟虑的、见多识广的和客观的信息，以便公众可以决定他们的钱花在哪里；以及空后“However some may also engage in more general food writing.“然而，有些人可能会从事更一般的食物写作。可知，上文提到了“食物评论家”这种职业的含义和工作内容，后文则说了有些人会从事的写作内容，可推测本句是在说明食物评论家主要创作的写作类型。F. Food critics primarily write about restaurants from fast food establishments to fancy restaurants.“食物评论家主要写评价餐馆的文章，从快餐店到高档餐厅”符合语境，故选F。
47．根据空前“Becoming a food critic takes time. Many food critics pursue professional experiences in the world of food, attending culinary schools, working in restaurants, participating in farming, and so forth.”成为一名美食评论家需要时间。 许多美食评论家追求在食物世界的专业经验，参加烹饪学校，在餐馆工作，参与农业，等等。可知，上文提到了美食评论家会从事与食品相关的各种行业，故本句与上文构成因果关系，指出美食评论家从事与食品相关的各种行业的结果是：可以了解食品工业的各个方面。D选项中They指代上文food critics。D. Therefore, they can learn about every aspect of the food industry.“因此，他们可以了解食品工业的各个方面”符合语境，故选D。
48．根据空后“Food critics may move between publishers over the course of their careers, or start working for the food section of a paper and working up to a position as a food critic. A handful of critics become well known and well respected, with most primarily being known only in the area they serve.“在他们的职业生涯中，美食评论家可能会在出版商之间转行，或者开始在报纸的美食版块工作，最终成为一名美食评论家。少数评论家成为知名人士和受人尊敬的人，他们大多只在他们服务的领域内为人所知。可知，本段主要叙述的是美食评论家开始创作文章的过程，G选项中newspapers对应后文中a paper。G. Once a food critic has gained experience, he or she can start writing articles for magazines and newspapers.“一旦一个美食评论家获得了经验，他或她可以开始为杂志和报纸写文章”符合语境，故选G。
49．根据空前“Professional integrity is very important for food critics. Many make reservations and visit restaurants anonymously, so that they get an idea of how a restaurant serves ordinary customers. They also make repeat visits so that they can make fair and balanced assessments of a restaurant and its offerings.”职业操守对美食评论家来说非常重要。 许多人匿名预订和访问餐馆，这样他们就能了解餐馆是如何服务普通顾客的。 他们还会反复光顾，以便对一家餐厅及其提供的服务做出公平、平衡的评价)”以及后文“Implications of favoritism or bribery can ruin the reputation of a food critic. (偏袒或贿赂的暗示会毁掉美食评论家的声誉。可知，本段主要论述的是美食评论家的职业操守问题，且后文提到了接受贿赂会毁掉美食评论家的声誉，即强调不要接受餐厅老板的送礼。C. Avoidance of gifts from restaurateurs is also very important“避免餐馆老板送礼也很重要”符合语境，故选C。
50．根据空前“This is what food critics are like. They describe and evaluate the food, providing opinions on its quality.“这就是美食评论家。他们描述和评价食物，对其质量提供意见；以及空后“These can be used as a reference for readers to make decisions.”这些可以作为读者做决定的参考。可知，上文提到了美食评论家描述和评价食物，后文提到为读者做参考，可推测本句承接上文说明美食评论家在考虑了餐饮体验后，会得出评级，来为读者做参考。E. After considering all aspects of the dining experience, they generate ratings.“在考虑餐饮体验的所有方面后，他们产生了评级”符合语境，故选E。
11. （2021·东城模拟）任务型阅读
Reversal—change your perspective and solve your problem
It's often your definition of a problem that limits you in finding a suitable solution. Creative solutions require a change of perspective. 　51． 　
The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique that is based on the thought that to change your perspective, you sometimes need to change the order of the words in your problem definition.
How you change the order of the words doesn't matter much, as long as the key words are reversed. 　52． 　 Your challenge is "How do we make sure that fewer people take cars to their work ". Swapping the key words, you could rephrase this challenge as "How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work " In this case, the first statement will make you think of alternative means of transportation, like trains or bikes, while the second statement will probably make you think of solutions like carpooling—fewer cars for the same number of people.
Not every problem statement is suitable for a reversal. Sometimes using this technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether. 　53． 　For instance, the question "how might we sell more washing machines " is not easily reversed—there is no key word to swap with "washing machines". Yet, when you rephrase the question to "How might we sell more washing machines to young parents " you can easily change it to "How might we sell more young parents to washing machines 　54． 　 You could interpret this last sentence as "the washing machine pays the young parents to try it out". Then, you could start communicating to potential buyers how much they will save each year when they choose your energy efficient washing machine.
As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking. 　55． 　 However, thinking about the tiny amount of time it will "cost" you to try out a reversal, you have very little to lose and, potentially, lots to gain.
A. The second problem statement is much more logical.
B. Often it helps to add one more key word to the sentence.
C. Rephrasing your challenge is to change the problem statement.
D. A great way to do this is by "reversing" your problem statement.
E. For instance, imagine you are responsible for limiting the traffic jam in your area.
F. Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thought.
G. Not everyone will be able to move from an unreasonable statement to a useful solution.
【答案】51．D；52．E；53．B；54．F；55．G
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例子介绍了一种解决问题的思维方式——逆向思维，描述了它的好处和表现形式。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
51．根据空前“Creative solutions require a change of perspective.”创造性的解决方案需要改变观点；以及空后“The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique”逆向技术是一种创造性思维技术。可猜测，划线句写的是创造性的解决方案是逆向技术。D. A great way to do this is by ‘reversing’ your problem statement.“一个很好的方法是“颠倒”你的问题陈述。符合语境，故选D。
52．根据空前“How you change the order of the words doesn't matter much, as long as the key words are reversed.”你如何改变单词的顺序并不重要，只要关键字颠倒过来就行；以及空后“Your challenge is ‘How do we make sure that fewer people take cars to their work ’. Swapping the key words, you could rephrase this challenge as ‘How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work ’”.你面临的挑战是“我们如何确保开车上班的人更少 ”换掉关键词，你可以把这个挑战重新表述为“我们如何确保更少的车载着人们去上班 ”可知，本段是在举关键字颠倒过来的例子，并且有关于道路交通。E. For instance, imagine you are responsible for limiting the traffic jam in your area.“例如，设想你要负责限制你所在地区的交通堵塞。”符合语境，故选E。
53．根据空前“Sometimes using this technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether.”有时使用这个技巧需要你首先重新表达问题；以及空后“For instance, the question ‘how might we sell more washing machines ’ is not easily reversed—there is no key word to swap with ‘washing machines’.”例如，“我们如何才能卖出更多的洗衣机 ”没有一个关键词可以和“洗衣机”互换。可知，重新表达问题与关键词有关。B.Often it helps to add one more key word to the sentence.“通常，在句子中再加一个关键词是有帮助的。”符合语境，故选B。
54．根据空前“Yet, when you rephrase the question to ‘How might we sell more washing machines to young parents ’ you can easily change it to “How might we sell more young parents to washing machines ”然而，当你把这个问题重新表述为“我们如何才能向年轻的父母出售更多洗衣机 ”你可以很容易地把它改成“我们如何才能让更多的年轻父母喜欢洗衣机 ”可知，这种办法可以激发创造性思维。F. Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thought.“诚然，这是一个非常不寻常的挑战，但它可能会激发创造性思维。”符合语境，故选F。
55．根据空前“As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking.”正如这个例子所示，一些反转将需要非常灵活的思维方式；以及空后“However, thinking about the tiny amount of time it will ‘cost’ you to try out a reversal, you have very little to lose and, potentially, lots to gain.”然而，考虑一下你尝试逆转的时间“成本”，你不会损失什么，但潜在地，你会得到很多。可猜测，做出这些反转很困难，要耗脑力。G. Not everyone will be able to move from an unreasonable statement to a useful solution.“不是每个人都能从一个不合理的陈述变成一个有用的解决方案。”符合语境，故选G。
12.（2021·房山模拟）任务型阅读
Craftsmanship requires a great deal of time, patience and effort. 　56． 　 Traditionally craftsmen develop their skills through apprenticeship to those masters of the craft who came before them. Although we don't often work that way in this day and age. There are few things that we can do to emulate the process.
Practice everyday design something new, walk through a tutorial work on a personal project. Whatever it takes to getting you working with the tools of your trade each day, the more you do something, the better (and faster) you become at doing it. 　57． 　
Learn to accept criticism and react appropriately. People have a hard time taking criticism of their work. You put so much effort into a piece. it can be difficult to hear that what you have done is not good enough. 　58． 　 criticism isn't personal, you and your critics have the same goal, a quality product.
　59． 　. As I mentioned earlier, this is where all of the difference is made. A true artisan is careful about the details. Take the time to add polish and style to the small things. That can easily go overlooked. Attentiveness to these details raises the quality of our work.
Design for the future. Items that exhibit the quality of craftsmanship are timeless, They are built well, and built to last. 　60． 　 There are always new features in the software we use. People develop new tools that give us more possibilities. But despite the ever-changing face of this industry, it is possible to do work that has longevity.
A. Pay attention to the details.
B. Participate in quality discussion.
C. Trends and costumes change rapidly.
D. Building quality reputations is the key to building craftsmanship.
E. However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.
F. Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.
G. So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.
【答案】56．G；57．F；58．E；59．A；60．C
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了做哪些事情可以帮助工匠提高技能。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
56．根据空前“Craftsmanship requires a great deal of time, patience and effort. ”可知， 制作工艺需要大量的时间、耐心和努力。说明工匠要不断的提高自己的技能。 G. So becoming a real artisan requires your continuous development of your craft.“所以成为一个真正的工匠需要你不断的提高你的手艺”符合语境，故选G。
57．根据空前“Whatever it takes to getting you working with the tools of your trade each day, the more you do something, the better (and faster) you become at doing it. ”可知，无论你每天如何使用这些工具，你做的越多，你就会做得越好。F. Practice is the most important part of developing the quality of craftsmanship.“实践是提高工艺质量的最重要部分”符合语境，故选F。
58．根据空前“People have a hard time taking criticism of their work. You put so much effort into a piece. it can be difficult to hear that what you have done is not good enough”讲述人们很难接受对他们工作的批评。你花了那么多精力在一件事上。很不想听到你所做的不好够的评论；以及空后“criticism isn't personal, you and your critics have the same goal, a quality product. ”讲述批评不是针对你个人的，你和你的批评者有相同的目标，一个高质量的产品。所以选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文来说明批评者对于工匠的帮助。E. However, nothing will help you improve so much as a critic.“然而，没有什么比批评家更能帮你进步了”符合语境，故选E。
59．根据空后“A true artisan is careful about the details. Take the time to add polish and style to the small things. That can easily go overlooked. Attentiveness to these details raises the quality of our work. ”可知，一个真正的工匠对细节很注意。花点时间给这些小东西润色一下并且增加风格。那很容易被忽视。对这些细节的关注提高了我们工作的质量。所以本段主要在说注重细节。A. Pay attention to the details.“注重细节”为本段的标题。故选A。
60．根据空前“Items that exhibit the quality of craftsmanship are timeless, They are built well, and built to last. ”讲述展示出工艺质量的物品是永恒的，它们建造得很好，建造得持久；以及空后“There are always new features in the software we use . ” 讲述我们使用的软件总是有新的功能。所以选项在说与展示工艺质量的物品相比，很多东西都是在快速变化的。且承接下文。C. Trends and costumes change rapidly.“潮流和服装变化迅速”正是体现了变化迅速的两个方面。故选C。
13.（2021·顺义模拟）任务型阅读
I have met many westerners who do not feel anything to put their feet on the table while sitting on the chair.　61． 　They don't feel like it is a strange or rude thing to do it. And I-know that they don't mean to be ill-behaved. However, in the eyes of a Myanmarese, it is really a very rude thing.
For Myanmarese, the head is the most sacred (神圣的) part of the human body while the feet are the mo

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