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人教版初中八年级下册英语UNIT5考点知识讲解
What were you doing when the rainstorm came
暴风雨来临时你在做什么？
单词归纳：
alarm 闹钟
against 倚；碰；撞
asleep 睡着
begin(began, begun)开始
heavily在很大程度上；大量地
rise(rose, risen)升起；增加；提高
suddenly突然；忽然
fallen倒下的；落下的
strange 奇特的；奇怪的
icy覆盖着冰的；冰冷的
realize理解；领会；认识到
storm 暴风雨
kid开玩笑；欺骗
wind风
light光；光线；光亮
completely 彻底地；完全地
report报道；公布
passage 章节；段落
wood木；木头
recently不久前；最近
window窗；窗户
silence沉默；绒默；无声
match火柴
truth 实情；事实
beat(beat, beat)敲打；打败
date日期；日子
短语归纳
right away立刻；马上
pick up 接电话
go off(闹钟）发出响声
take down拆除；往下拽；记录
make one's way前往；费力地前进
die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
take shower洗淋浴
tell the truth 说实话
in silence沉默；无声
in mess凌乱不堪；乱七八糟
clean up 打扫干净
point out 指出
用法归纳
1. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
2.see sb./sth. doing sth.看见某人/某物正在做某事
3.begin/start to do sth.开始做某事
4.try to do sth.努力做某事
5.It's+adj.+to do sth. 做某事是……的。
6.have trouble(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难或麻烦
人教版（新标准）初中英语知识点精析
八年级下册UNIT5
What were you doing when the rainstorm came
暴风雨来临时你在做什么？
重点
●熟练运用谈论过去事情的交际用语
●掌握过去进行时
难点
过去进行时的构成、基本句式及用法
语法
过去进行时
Section A
重点单词
alarm 闹钟
begin开始
heavily在很大程度上；大量地
suddenly突然；忽然
strange 奇特的；奇怪的
storm 暴风雨
light光；光线；光亮
wind风
report报道；公布
area地域；地区
wood木；木头
window窗；窗户
match火柴
beat敲打；打败
against 倚；碰；撞
asleep 睡着
rise升起；增加；提高
fallen倒下的；落下的
icy覆盖着冰的；冰冷的
kid开玩笑；欺骗
重点短语
go off(闹钟）发出响声
fall asleep进入梦乡
die down逐渐变弱
pick up 接电话
at first起初；起先
have a look看一看
重点句型
1. What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm
昨天暴风雨时人们在做什么？
2. So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.
因此在你睡觉的时候，我打电话给珍妮，她帮了我。
3. With no light outside, it felt like midnight.
外面没有光亮，感觉就像半夜一样。
4. After dinner, they tried to play a card game but it was hard to have fun with serious storm happening outside.
晚饭后，他们原本想打牌，但外面的暴风雨太大了，很难有心情打牌了。
Section B
重点单词
realize理解；领会；认识到
passage节；段落
pupil学生
completely彻底地；完全地
silence沉默；绒默；无声
recently不久前；最近
date日期；日子
tower塔；塔楼
truth 实情；事实
重点短语
make one's way 前往；费力地前进
in silence沉默；无声
take down拆除；往下拽；记录
重点句型
1. My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence.在那之后，我的父母不再讲话，然后我们默默地吃完剩余的晚饭。
2. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that.
我是如此害怕，以至于我几乎不能清楚地想起那之后的事了。
3. While my brother was laughing, the television news reported that other people had seen the light as well.
当我哥哥在笑的时候，电视新闻报道别人也已经看见了那道亮光。
Section A 知识点精析
1. What were people doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm
昨天暴风雨时人们在做什么？
要点精析1
本句是一个过去进行时的特殊疑问句。过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。过去进行时由“助动词was/were+v.ing构
例：-What were you doing at nine yesterday morning
昨天上午9点你在做什么？
-I was playing in the park.我在公园里玩。
She was reading a book when I came in.我进来时她在看书。
要点精析2
at the time of为固定短语，意为“在……时”，后面常跟名词性短语。
例：He lived at the time of the Napoleonic wars.他生活在拿破仑战争时期。
2. I was waiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily.
当开始下大雨时我正在等公共汽车。
要点精析
begin(began,begun,beginning)动词，意为“开始”。
例：He sat down at the desk and began to write.
他在桌子前坐下就开始写了起来。
She began teaching English at the age of 18.她18岁开始教英语。
知识拓展
①start与 begin表示“开始”时是同义词，二者通常可以互换，其后均既可接动词不定式，也可接v.-ing形式，在意义上无差别。
start与begin其后只能接动词不定式的情况
1、当 start或 begin用于进行时态时
2、当 start或 begin后面的宾语是表示心理活动的动词(feel, know, understand等）时
例：They are starting/beginning to learn English.他们开始学英语。
She started/began to understand it.她开始明白这件事。
②与begin相关的短语：
begin with 以……开始
to begin with 首先
例：The party began with a game.聚会以一个游戏开始。
To begin with,it's too cold outside.首先，外面太冷了。
3. I ran to the bus stop but I still missed the bus 我跑到公共汽车站，但我还是错过了公共汽车。
要点精析
此处miss作及物动词，意为“没赶上；错过”。
例：Hurry up,or you will miss your train.快点儿，要不你就赶不上火车了。
She was upset at missing all the excitements.错过了所有精彩之处，她很失望。知识拓展
①miss作及物动词，意为“想念；思念”。
例：I miss my family very much.我非常想念我的家人。
②miss作及物动词，意为“缺（课）”。
例：The boy often missed classes last term.那个男孩儿上学期经常缺课。
4. So, when the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing
那么，当暴风雨突然来临时，你正在做什么？
要点精析
此处when作从属连词，意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词既可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词；谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间可以与主句谓语动词表示的动作是同时、之前或之后。
例：My mother was cooking supper when I got home.
当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在做晚饭。
She began to play the piano when she was five years old.
当她5岁的时候，她开始弹钢琴。
I'll tell you when she comes.当她来了的时候，我会告诉你。
He stopped his car when he saw me.当他看到我的时候，他把车停了下来。
5.I called at seven and you didn't pick up.我7点钟打电话，你没有接。
要点精析
pick up为“动词+副词”型短语，意为“接电话”，相当于 pick up the phone,当用代词作宾语时，代词必须放中间。
例：The phone is ringing.Could you please pick up for me
电话响了。请你帮我接一下，好吗？
知识拓展
pick up还可意为“捡起；接（某人）”。
例：My ruler is under your desk.Please pick it up for me.
我的尺子在你的桌子底下。请帮我捡起来。
Can you pick me up at the airport 你能到机场接我吗？
6. I called again at eight and you didn't answer then either.
我8点钟又打电话，你那时也没接。
要点精析
此处 either作副词，意为“也”，用于否定句中。
例：Jenny won't go and Bill won't go,either.珍妮不去，比尔也不去。
辨析：either, also与too
either“也”，用于否定句中，一般放在句末
also“也”，一般用于肯定句或疑问句中，常放在句中
too“也”，一般用于肯定句或疑问句中，常放在句末，其前常用逗号隔开
例：Mary didn't come to school yesterday, either.玛丽昨天也没来学校。
She speaks English and she also speaks French.她说英语，也说法语。
Are you going to work,too 你也去上班吗？
知识拓展
either作代词，意为“（两者中的）一个”。
例：You can keep one of the photos. Either of them-whichever you like.
你可以保留一张照1。两张里任选一张——拣你喜欢的。
7. So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.
因此在你睡觉的时候，我打电话给珍妮，她帮了我。
要点精析
此处 while作从属连词，意为“当……的时候，在……期间”，引导时间状语从句。其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间一般较长。
例：He fell asleep while he was listening to music.他在听音乐时睡着了。
While we were talking, he came in.我们在谈话时，他进来了。
辨析：while与when
while“当……的时候”“在……期间”，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词，常用于过去进行时态中
when“当……的时候”，其谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词
知识拓展
while与when在过去进行时中位置的转换：
例：While John was playing the piano,Mary left the house.
约翰在弹钢琴时，玛丽离开了家。
=John was playing the piano when Mary left the house.
当玛丽离开家时，约翰在弹钢琴。
链接中考
(黑龙江哈尔滨中考）-What were you and your father doing at 7:00 yesterday evening
-I was doing my homework
my father was reading newspapers.
A. when B.as soon as C. while
解析：when意为“当……时”；as soon as意为“一……就……”；while意为“当……时”。结合问句句意“昨天晚上7点钟你和你的父亲在做什么？”可知答语句意为“我在做家庭作业，我父亲在看报纸”。此处主句和从句的动作同时发生，且均用了过去进行时，应用while引导时间状语从句，而不用when。选C。
8. With no light outside, it felt like midnight.
外面没有光亮，感觉就像半夜一样。
要点精析1
light作不可数名词，意为“光；光亮；光线”。
例：He read the letter by the light of the candle in the past.
他过去在烛光下读那封信。
知识拓展
①light作可数名词，意为“电灯；光源”。
例：Ahead of us we could see the lights of the city.
在我们的前方，我们能看到城市的灯光。
②light作形容词，意为“轻的；浅色的”。
例：Is the box heavy or light 那个箱子是重的还是轻的？
You look nice in light colors.你穿浅色很好看。
③light(lit/lighted)作动词，意为“点燃；照亮”。
例：I couldn't get the candles to light.我点不着蜡烛。
要点精析2
outside作副词，意为“在外面”，其反义词为inside。
例：Please wait outside.请在外面等候。
It's warmer outside than in this room.外面比在这间屋子里暖和。
知识拓展
outside还常作介词，意为“在……的外面”。
例：You can park your car outside our house.
你可以把小汽车停在我们家外面。
9. Ben's dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.
本的爸爸正在把一块块木头钉在窗户上（加固）,同时他妈妈正在确认手电筒和收音机都能正常使用。
要点精析1
wood作不可数名词，意为“木；木头；木材”。
a piece of wood意为“一块木头”。
例：Her house was made of wood.她家的房子是木头建的。
He put some wood in the fire.他往火里添了些木柴
知识拓展
wood作可数名词，意为“树林”，常用复数形式。
例：She is afraid to walk through the woods at night.她害怕晚上经过那片树林。
【助记】
woods树林 wood木材
要点精析2
make sure意为“务必；确保；确认”，后面常接that从句或of短语。
例：He made sure that all the lights were turned off before he went to bed.
他确保所有的灯都关了才上床睡觉。
We must make sure of it.我们必须把这件事弄明白。
10. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
当雨开始对着窗户猛烈地敲打时，本在帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。
要点精析1
beat(beat,beaten)作不及物动词，意为“敲打；(多次或连续）撞击，拍打；(心脏脉搏等）跳动”。
例：Sid beat on the door with his hand.锡德用手拍门。
The rain is beating heavily against the window.雨在猛击窗户。
Jennifer's heart was beating fast.珍妮弗的心跳得很快。
知识拓展
beat作及物动词，意为“打；敲；打败”。
例：Who's beating the drum 谁在敲鼓？
We beat them by 11:2.我们以11比2打败了他们。
辨析：beat与win
beat指“打败”“击败”，后面常跟人或某个队
win指“赢了”“获胜”，后面常跟奖品或名次
例：He beat me at chess.他下国际象棋赢了我。
Britain won five gold medals.英国夺取了五块金牌。
要点精析2
against作介词，此处意为“碰；撞；倚；靠”。
例：The rain beat against the car windscreen.雨打在汽车挡风玻璃上。
Put the piano there, with its back against the wall. 把钢琴放在那里，背靠着墙。
He leaned against the tree.他靠着树。
知识拓展
against作介词，还可意为“反对；违反；对抗”。
例：They are against the plan.他们反对这个计划。
That is against the law.那是违法的。
They are playing basketball against Class 4.他们在和4班打篮球对抗赛。
链接中考
(浙江杭州中考）Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily _______
A .below B. across C. behind D. against
解析：below意为“在……下面”；across意为“横过；在……对面”；behind意为“在……后面”；against意为“碰，撞”。句意为“本正在帮他妈妈，这时雨开始重重地拍打在窗户上”。beat against意为“反复在……上拍打，拍击”，故选D。
11. After dinner, they tried to play a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside.
晚饭后，他们原本想打牌，但外面的暴风雨太大了，很难有心情打牌了。
要点精析1
此处try作及物动词，意为“试图；努力”。
例：He tried to control his voice.他尽量控制他的声音。
Try not to break it.尽量不要弄破它。
知识拓展
①try作不及物动词，意为“尝试”。
例：He tried but didn't succeed.他试了试，但没成功。
②try作可数名词，意为“尝试；努力”。
例：I'm going to have try.我想试试。
③常见的与try相关的短语有：try on“试穿，试戴”；try out“试验”。
辨析：try to do sth.与try doing sth.
try to do sth. “努力去做某事；试图去做某事”，但不一定能成功
try doing sth. “试着（用某种方法或手段）做某事”
要点精析2
have fun为固定短语，意为“玩得开心；玩得愉快”，相当于短语 have a good time或 enjoy oneself。
例：Have fun!尽情玩吧！
We are having great fun boating in the lake.我们在湖里划船很开心。
12. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3: 00
a.m.在大约凌晨3点风正逐渐变弱时他终于睡着了。
要点精析1
fall asleep为固定短语，意为“进入梦乡，睡着”。
例：She was very tired so she fell asleep soon.她很累，因此很快就睡着了。
要点精析2
die down为固定短语，意为“逐渐变弱；逐渐消失”。
例：The loud music died down after the police came.
警察来了之后，吵闹的音乐声逐渐变弱了。
Don't worry. The gossip will soon die down.别担心。流言貨语不久就会平息。
13.When he woke up, the sun was rising.当他醒来时，太阳正在升起。
要点精析1
wake up是“动词+副词”型短语，意为“醒来；把……弄醒”，可以不带宾语，也可以接名词或代词作宾语。
例：She wakes up early every morning.她每天早晨醒得很早。
I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.到走的时候我会叫醒你。
要点精析2
rise(rose, risen)作不及物动词，意为“上升；升起”。
例：The river rose yesterday afternoon.昨天下午河水上涨了。
The moon was rising when I went home.我回家时，月亮正在升起。
辨析：rise与raise
rise“升起；提高；增加”，作不及物动词，主语常为物
raise“使……升起；提高；增加”，作及物动词，主语常为人
14. Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together.
虽然这场暴风雨破坏了许多东西，但是它把家人和邻居们的距离拉得更近了。
要点精析
break...apart意为“把……打断；把……分开”。
例：The strong wind broke the branches apart.强风把树枝折断了。
Rumors broke the two close friends apart.谣言把两个亲密的朋友分开了。
15. leave the house离开家
要点精析
leave动词，意为“离开”。
例：The bus leaves at 8:00 a.m. every day. 公共汽车每天上午8点离开。
知识拓展
leave的常用搭配：
“leave for+地点”动身前往某地
例：When will he leave for Beijing 他将什么时候动身去北京？
"leave+地点+for..."离开某地前往
例：Mary is leaving Dalian for Jinan tomorrow.玛丽明天要离开大连去济南。
16. The roads were icy because of the heavy snow from the night before.由于前天晚上的大雪，路面是结满冰的。
要点精析
icy 形容词，意为“结满冰的；冰冷的；冷淡的”。
例：It's not easy to walk on the icy roads.在结满冰的路面上行走不容易。
Because of the icy street,they can't drive the car.因为街上结满了冰他们不能开车。
知识拓展
英语中，一些与天气有关的名词，加后缀-y可构成相应的形容词。
frost霜→frosty结霜的
cloud 云→cloudy多云的
rain雨→rainy下雨的
snow 雪→snowy 下雪的
wind 风→ windy 有风的

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