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牛津译林版八年级英语下册unit4单元词汇讲解
重点词汇
read
过去式：read；过去分词：read；现在分词：reading；第三人称单数：reads.
look, see, watch, notice, read辨析
这五个词都有"看"的意思，但用法不同
(1)look为不及物动词，一般后接介词at使用，表动作。如：
　Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。
(2)see 指人肉眼所能涉及的范围，表示结果"看见"。
　Can you see the word clearly
你能清楚看到这个字了吗？
固定短语：see a film; see sb. off （给某人送行）；let me see.
(3)watch= look at sb./ sth. carefully"仔细观看，注视"。
May I watch TV now 我现在可以看电视吗？
固定短语：watch TV; on watch（值班、守望）；watch a football match
(4)notice"注意到，提醒别人注意"等意思，汉语中常有"通知、启示、告示"之意。例如：
The thief looked around the house.When he made sure that no one was noticing him,he jumped into the room through the open window.
　小偷向房子四周张望，当他确信没人注意他的时候，迅速从开着的窗户跳进房间。
(5)read 只用于指看书或看其他杂志
read, say, write 的辨析
read 意为“应读作，写着，写成是——”，强调的是“告示”，信或者段落等书写的
--The sign reads “No admittance.”
--I’ve changed the last paragraph.It now rads as follows......
Say 意为“写道，说，指示”，强调“书面材料或可见的东西”所提供的信息，很多情况下可与read通用。
--The notice said “keep out”.
--The book doesn’t say where he was born.
Write意为“写道”，强调“书面陈述，以（文字）说”。
--In his latest book he writes that the theory has been disproved(不能证明).
练习：用read， say ，write
The full report __________as follows.(整个报告是这样的)
The thermometer____________46 degrees.(温度计显示46摄氏度）
There is a sign by the road,which_________ "Parking forbidden".(牌上写着)
It ________in this book that women are more intelligent than men.(书上说)
He had guilt ________ all over his face.
——The father buys, the son builds.the grandchild sells and his son begs.
——Yes, I can’t agree more.just as the saying _________;from clogs to clogs is only three generations.
reads B. goes C.speaks D. states
knowledge
表示“知识”，是不可数名词；表泛指意义时，其前不用任何冠词。如：
Knowledge begins with practice. 认识从实践开始。
要表示对知识了解的程度，可用 a little, some, much 等修饰，但不可用 a few, many 等修饰，也不能用复数形式。如：
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.（谚语）一知半解是很危险的。
表示某人对某一具体事物或具体学科的知识时，也是不可数名词，但可在其前使用不定冠词（此时的不定冠词大致相当于some）。如：
He has a wide knowledge of history. 他有广泛的历史知识。
We need a secretary with a knowledge of English. 我们需要一位懂英语的秘书。
当然，不用不定冠词而用其他类似词也是可能的。如：
He has much knowledge of music. 他很懂音乐知识。
表示“有关……的知识”，通常要用 the knowledge of 这样的结构，一般不直接用有关名词（形容词）置于其前作定语。如：
He is interested in the knowledge of chemistry. 他对化学知识很感兴趣。
My knowledge of English is poor. 我的英语知识很贫乏。
但是，英语一般不说：French (physics, history, music) knowledge
汉语常说“学习知识”，但英语中一般不将 knowledge与动词learn, study 连用，而用 get, gain, obtain, acquire 等来表示“获得（学到）知识”。如：
When he was in France he got an excellent knowledge of French. 他在法国期间学会了地道的法语。
习语common knowledge的意思是“大家都知道的事”，也就是“常识”。如：
It’s common knowledge that he’s a compulsive gambler. 大家知道，他是个嗜赌成癖的赌徒。
It is common knowledge that the traffic situation there is deplorable. 那里的交通情况可悲可叹是尽人皆知的。
比较to one’s knowledge与come to one’s knowledge：前者意为“据某人所知”，后者意为“为某人知晓”。如：
To my knowledge, he has never been late before. 据我所知他从未迟过到。
The story came to our knowledge later. 我们后来知道了这件事。
练习：
She told the Parliament she had no k_______ of the affair.
To the best of my_________, Gloria did not make these comments.(据我所知）
It is common______that the earth moves around the sun.
stomach
部位+ache. ache:疼痛，痛苦，复数：aches.
stomachache：肚子痛；headache：头痛；backache 背痛；earache 耳痛；toothache 牙痛。
butterflies in my stomach.
例句：Sitting there at my sister’s wedding dinner,I had butterflies in my stomach,because I know I have to stand up and make a speech.
练习：身体中的部位
It is said that a cow has two ________(stomach)
头_______ 2.咽喉________ 3.胸_______
4.脖子_______ 5.肩________ 6.心_______
7.肚子______ 8.肝________ 9.肾______
10.腰_______ 11.肺_______ 12.血液______
sale
sale n. 销售，出售
(1) for sale待售，出售 not for sale非卖品
(2) on sale出售；上市；廉价出售，拍卖。
(3) have a sale进行减价销售。
sell v. 出售，卖
(1) sell sth.出售某物。
I will sell my computer. 我要卖掉我的电脑。
(2) (sth.) sell at/for(某物) 以……的价格出售；售价是……
This shirt sells for/at six dollars. 这件衬衫售价六美元。
练习：
1. —Excuse me. Does your store ___________ Chinese books
—Yes. Do you need to ___________ one
sell; sell B. buy; sell
C. sell; buy D. buy; buy
2. The red shoes ___________ 88 yuan.
A. is on sale B. are on sale for
C. are on sale D. are on sale with
3.The shop ___________ fruit and food.
A. sell B. sale C. on sell D. sells
4.This kind of books ___________ well and ___________ out in this bookshop.
A. sells; are sold B. sells; sells
C. is sold; sells D. is sold; is sold
5. —Let’s go to Mr. Black’s Clothes Store. They ___________ skirts for only 20 dollars.
—But I want to go to Mr. Cool’s. The clothes there are on ___________.
sell; sell B. sale; sale C. sale; sell D. sell; sale
6.We______all our clothes at very good e and buy your clothes at our great______now!
A.sell,sell B.sell,sale C.sale,sale D.sale,sell
confidence
形容词confident 确信的，有信心的，自信的
have confidence in 对...有信心的
lose confidence 失去信心的=lose heart
In confidence 私密的
be confident of
have confidence in
练习：
1.Do you have _____ in yourselves
A. confident B. confidence C. talent D. strength
2.If there has to be a replay we are c_________ of victory.
3.Mr Ryan is _______of success.
4.I have every ________ in you.
5.The players all have c________ in their manager.
advice n. 劝告；建议 不可数名词
advice,advise,suggest,suggestion
四个“建议”的用法及考点
拓展：
suggest v. 建议
suggestion n. 建议
suggestion是可数名词
suggestions：建议 activities：活动
decisions：决定 advantages：优势
练习：
1.The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me _______.
A. many advice B. some advice
C. an advice D. some advices
2. ---Hello, Lucy, please give me some _______on how to improve my English!
---You'd better keep ______ more English books. （四川-达州）
A. advices; read B. advice; read
C. advice; reading D. advices; reading
3.I don't know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some _________ （重庆B卷）
A. water B. money C. food D. advice
4.1.What __________ good advice you've given me to keep healthy!
A. / B. a C. an D. the
5.I advised him_________ more vegetables. （eat）
6.Lily suggested _______ for a walk. （go）
7. The article gives students some_________ about how to stay safe online.
A. suggestions B. activities
C. decisions D. advantages
8.(柳州三模)What a good ________ for me! Thanks a lot.
A．suggestion　　　B．information　　　C．advice
9.(龙东)Could you give me some ________？ I tried several times but failed.
A．notice　　　　B．suggestion　　　　C．advice
10.(广东)We advise parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.
A．not leave B．leave C．not to leave D．to leave
11. She suggested _______ early so that we could catch the first train.
A. go get up B. getting up C. get up D. to getting up
cook烹饪,厨师
cooker炉灶，灶具 a gas cooker 煤气灶an electric cooker电炉灶
Germany
German 德国人，德语的 复数：Germans
success
考点 用法 例句
succeed 不及物动词“成功”，常用结构：succeed in doing sth He succeeded in swimming across the river.
success 可数名词（成功的人或事）；不可数名词（成功） He is a great success as a writer.
successful 形容词“成功的”，在句中做定语 He is a successful actor.
successfully 副词“成功地”在句中作状语 He did his experiment successfully.
1.根据句意及所给英语或汉语提示填写单词。
1．(2015·泰安)Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to ________(成功)．
2．(2015·烟台)Finally the firemen saved the little girl under the damaged building ________(success)．
3．(2015·兰州)The road to________(successful)is never straight.
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
4．(2015·黄石)我衷心祝愿你们能够通过这次考试！
I sincerely hope that you can ________ ________ passing this exam.
5．(2015·济南)永远不要放弃。世界上从来没有人未经努力就取得成功。
Never give up.No one in the world has ever ________ without making an ________.
copy 复数copies
experience experience 可数时作为经历 ；不可数时作为经验。
experiment 做实验，试用
experiential learning 体验式学习
1.He's the best teacher even though he has the least______.
A、experienced
B、experiment
C、experience
D、experiential
2.We had got plenty of practical___by travelling a lot and doing a
part-time job,which was really___for all of us.
A.experiences;great experience
B.experience;great experience
C.experiences;a great experience
D.experience;a great experience
12.touch 接触；联系；打动；吃喝；润色 过去式和过去分词：touched
例句：don’t touch the paint until it is dry. ______
His story touched us deeply. ______
I am not going to touch a thing tonight. _______
We have been out of touch for years ______
The blind have a keen sense of touch.______
1.The food here smells good, but what does it like
A．taste B．touch C．seem D．feel
2.He doesn’t drink much and doesn’t______drugs.（吸毒）
3.The film _______ on these issues, but only superficially.(涉及)
13.lift vt.& vi. 举起，抬起;vt. 举起,提升,鼓舞,抬起;vi. 消散,升起,耸立;n. 电梯,举起,起重机,搭车;变形：过去式: lifted； 现在分词：lifting； 过去分词：lifted；
例句：He was too weak even to lift his hand. ________
They want to lift the rate of enjoyment too. ________
I gave her a lift back out to her house. ________
A bit of exercise will help lift his spirits. _______
arise,rise,raise,lift辨析
这些动词均有“上升，举起”之意。 arise书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有特殊的修辞色彩,也有出现，发生的意思。 rise 升高，起床，站起来，水涨，太阳月亮升起；raise及物动词，常用词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。 lift语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物,或者是心情好。
lift raise rise arise
The news_______ our spirits.
His heart _______ at the sight of her.
Anne_____her voice in order to be heard.
They _____the money to buy the house.
He_______ 2000 acres of wheat and hay.
The waters continue to______as 1000 people are evacuated.(疏散)
The tides ______ and fall.(潮涨潮落)
The birds also attack crops when the chance_____.
Hearing the old man’s reports,the officer_____from his seat and said that something be done to______People’s living standards.
A.raised; rise B.rose; raise C.raised;raise D.rose;rise
14.continue
continue to do sth.===go on to do sth.（做完了一件事）开始做另一件事
continue doing sth.== go on doing sth.继续做先前做的事情
1 )Now let's continue talking about our travel plan.现在我们继续讨论旅游计划.
We have done our homework.Now let's continue to play football.功课做完了.我们去踢球去吧.
类似的用法复习：
重点短语
give out 分发
give out leaflets分发传单
host a charity show主持慈善演出
Mind your own business.＝It’s none of your business.不关你的事
on business因公；公干
business hours营业时间　　
be busy with sth忙于某事
be busy (in) doing sth
as busy as a bee极忙碌地　
perform on the stage在舞台上表演→perform v. →performer n.表演者→performance n.表演　
on the side door在侧门上
at both sides of the stage在舞台的两侧
in the middle of the stage在舞台的中间
in the four corners of the school hall在学校礼堂的四个角落里
design the poster设计海报
set up the stage搭建舞台
keep silent保持沉默
from now on从今以后
since then自那时起(用于完成时)
day and night日日夜夜
first of all首先；最重要的是
了解内容：
1. 中国的慈善机构：Project Hope希望工程，Spring Bud Project春蕾计划，Project Green Hope绿色希望工程，Save China’s Tigers拯救中国虎　　
2. TV cameras摄像机，TV station电视台→Chinese Central Television Station＝CCTV　
小测试：
1. —What are you doing —I am my homework. 　
A. busy to do B. busy with C. be busy doing D. busying with　　
2. Yesterday it hard. All the houses and roads were covered with a .　
A. snow; heavy snow B. snowed; snow heavily 　　
C. snows; heavy snow D. snowed; heavy snow　　
3. Look! The lovely children are outside the house. 　
A. make snowmans B. making a snowman C. made a snowman D. make a snowman　　
五.【过关测试】　　
1. I think ____ important to learn English well.　　
A. this B. that C. it D. you are　　
2. The fans were very excited ______ David Beckham came to the show.　　
A. so B. because C. but D. and　　
3. I hope my father ______ ask me about my marks.　　
A. not B. not to C. won’t D. don’t 　　　
4. The radio is________ a strange signal. What’s wrong with it 　　
A. giving up B. giving in C. giving out D. giving away　
参考答案
reads;reads;reads/says;says;written;B.
knowledge;knowledge;knowledge;
stomaches;head;throat;chest;neck;shoulder;heart;stomach;liver;kidney;waist;lung;blood.
C;B;D;A;D;B.
B;confident;confident;confidence;confidence.
B;C;D;A;to eat;going;A;A;C;C;B.
success;successfully;success;succeed in;succeeded ;effort.
C;D.
触碰；使...感动；吃（东西）；联系；触感;A;touch;touches/touched.
举起；提高；搭便车；鼓舞；lifted；lifted；rised/raised; raised;raised;rise;rise;rises;B
B;D;B;C;B;C;C

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