资源简介 《高中英语(上外版)》选择性必修第三册 Unit 1 Fighting Stress课时:第六课时教学内容:Critical Thinking课型: 思辨(读写融合)课一、教学设计与说明1.教学目标本课为本单元的第六课时,核心目标为引导学生在基于课内外语篇的读写活动中,利用批判性思维,通过小组合作和信息筛选,有效对比应对压力的不同策略,从而了解应对压力的有效方法,树立正确、健康、积极的应对压力的观念。2. 设计思路本课为本单元的第六课时,旨在引导学生在课外补充阅读材料的阅读与信息筛选过程中,结合本单元已有知识储备,合理进行归纳总结与辩证思考,从而找到科学健康应对压力的方法策略。首先,带领学生核对课前完成的学习任务单 1,将本单元与压力有关的基本概念和信息点进行梳理,为后续课堂活动的开展做好铺垫;接下来通过小组合作的方式,鼓励学生将补充阅读材料中,应对压力的不同方式进行筛选归纳,并按照是否健康进行分类,根据提示和引导,完成学习任务单 2;引入观点表述时的常用句型、步骤与说理策略,鼓励学生从学习任务单 1和 2中列出的众多应对压力的方法策略中,分别选择 3个健康策略和 3个不健康策略,并挑选其中一个不健康策略展开批判性论述,体现批判性思维;最后通过口头展示,实时掌握课堂学习成果。由于本堂课带领学生循序渐进地对压力的方方面面进行了梳理,尤其是就应对压力的策略进行了分析比对,在内容方面做好了较为充分的准备;同时又通过引入辩证思考与论述时的句型、步骤和策略,帮助学生在语言层面也进行了系统的提升。因此本堂课后,要求学生们将课堂上所学落实到书面表达上,根据给定的情境,给被压力所困扰的 Andy回一封信,帮助他分析症状,给出科学健康的压力应对建议。3. 重点难点有效区分并论证应对压力的不同方式,掌握辩证说理的常用句型和步骤方法,形成科学合理的应对压力的健康意识。1Lesson PlanBy the end of this period, students will be able to:1. classify healthy and unhealthy solutions to excessive stress according to a given passage anddemonstrate reasons critically;2. familiarize themselves with useful expressions, steps and tactics during demonstration tomake it more logical and reasonable;3. find out healthy and scientific ways to deal with stress and raise their awareness of a healthyand balanced lifestyle.Procedures:I. Interactive activity 1: Summarizing basic information about stress according to theunit*T: Show students the specific case of Andy who is now suffering from excessive stress andwrote a letter to ask for help. Ask students to find out basic information about stress fromthe content in this unit and make primary preparation for further exploration.*Ss: Complete Worksheet One before class and share their answers with the whole class tohave a check and make improvements.Purpose: To get familiar with every aspect of stress and make full preparations forexploration of more solutions to stress.Guided questions:1. What’s the definition of stress according to Reading A in this unit 2. What are the differences between good and bad stress Please illustrate your ideas withexamples.3. What are the physical and mental reactions to excessive stress 4. What kinds of healthy ways to deal with stress did you learn from this unit Could you inferthe unhealthy ways from healthy ones Worksheet One——About stress1. Definition of stress Stress is what you feel when you are worried or uncomfortable about something and it is a state that makes you feel terrible both physically and mentally.2. Differences between good stress and bad stress (with Good stress: When you are called on in class or when you have to give a presentation, you2examples) may be anxious or nervous, with blank brain and sweaty hands. It will encourage you to get full preparations for your work and finish your assignments better.Bad stress: It will arise when the stressful feelings last for a long period. For example, when your families or relatives have problems in their health conditions, when your academic performance at school is not satisfying enough, or when you are going through several defeats or frustrations, stress will be around the corner and make you sick instead of helping you get things done.3. Body’s response to stress feel physically bad, fast heartbeat, sweat, feel sick, shake, feel hot, stomachache, have trouble sleeping, a terrible headache, have trouble in sleeping or eating (either too much or too little), have trouble in concentration and memory, check something repeatedly,4. Emotions that stress may cause feel angry, frustrated, scared or afraid, feel anxious for no reason5. Healthy ways people try to handle their stress 1) Try talking about the issues that bother you at present and expressing your dilemmas as well as your feelings to an adult you trust; 2) Have a balanced life which includes enough and sound sleep, healthy and balanced diet, relaxation exercises and adequate time for fun stuff; 3) Admit that a situation is stressful; 4) Get treatment and consult a professional; 5) Additional solution(s): take deep breath anytime6. Unhealthy ways people try to handle their stress (infer from healthy ways given in the unit accordingly) 1) Try keeping stress all inside and avoid talking about the issues that really bother you to anyone; 2) Lead an unbalanced life which includes inadequate sleep, unhealthy diet/picky eating, no time for fun stuff and no relaxation exercises; 3) Refuse to admit that you are now going3through/experiencing great pressure 4) Not willing to consult a professional and get guidance and treatment; 5) Additional solution(s): hit the wall, drink alcohol, withdraw from activities, avoid thinking of the problemII. Independent activity 2: Finding out more healthy and unhealthy solutions to stressbased on extra reading materials*T: Divide the whole class into five independent groups and ask each group to beresponsible for a given passage or some specific paragraphs (two groups for passage one)to summarize more solutions to stress and then classify them into healthy and unhealthyones. Then encourage students to complete Worksheet Two within each group.*Ss: Scan the given materials quickly and find out solutions accordingly. Then finish theform cooperatively based on their findings and share the answers with the whole class.Purpose: To select and gather information reasonably and classify informationcritically.Guided questions:Could you find out or infer more healthy and unhealthy solutions to stress from the given readingmaterial Try to scan the text and make conclusions with your group partners.Worksheet Two——Solutions from extra materialsSource Healthy solutions Unhealthy solutions (inference)Do what you love: Subtitle 1 1. Measure periodical and small targets, write them down and appreciate little accomplishments (make progress step by step) Focus on a big or the final goal far awayDo what you love: Subtitle 2 2. Surround yourself with things inspiring you and reflecting your goals and make inspiration part of your life to help you get out of the trap Surround yourself with people and things bringing you great pressureDo what you love: Subtitle 3 3. Work less by eliminating unnecessary tasks to save energy, by taking strategic breaks, by stopping multi-tasking and focusing on one issue at a time and by seeking help from other people Try to finish all missions without selection, keep working without relaxation, be a multi-tasker and arrange you time unreasonably, hide everything inside and refuse to talk to others or try to handle everything on your ownDo what you 4. Reexamine your goals and make Work out ambitious objectives far4love: Subtitle 4 them more realistic and practical beyond your competenceDo what you 5. Get more sleep Put things off throughout the daylove: Subtitle 5 and stay up late due toprocrastinationDo what you 6. Make yourself slow down by Speed up to finish as many taskslove: Subtitle 6 sparing some time away from as possible without stopdistraction, by listening tohealing music and by makingyour to-do list shorter andflexibleDo what you 7. Take others’ advice and Stick to your own viewpoint andlove: Subtitle 7 persuasion seriously and make refuse to admit that you are underadjustment accordingly great pressureDo what you 8. Set clear boundaries and make Allow stress in particular aspectslove: Subtitle 8 them public to interfere in your daily life andto leave bad influences on yourpersonal lifeDo what you 9. Focus on what you are doing Be half-hearted or be of twolove: Subtitle 9 without distraction minds and always think aboutyour stressDo what you 10. Release your feelings (stress) Keep your emotions (stress)love: Subtitle inside and refuse to share with10 othersDo what you 11. Put less emphasis on your stress Use stress as an excuse for yourlove: Subtitle and try to make it through unsatisfactory performance and11 give in to itDo what you 12. Never lose heart and keep going Yield to the stresslove: Subtitle12Fight-or-flight 13. 【female】tend: shift attention to 【male】fight: verbal or physicalothers (eg. children)14. 【female】befriend: seek socialconflict【 male 】 flight: withdraw fromcontact and support (ask for stressful situation (be left alone toguidance) enjoy peace and quiet)The law of the 15. Face up to the outside stress, Surround us with people andgarbage truck forget it as quickly as possible things that make us feel stressedand not be affected by itand spread stress by complainingto othersRelax after 16. Take a bath or at least a hotwork: Subtitle 1 shower to relieve stress andsoothe your musclesRelax after 17. Light a candle to create a calmwork: Subtitle 2 and relaxing environment so as toreduce stress, anxiety andinsomniaRelax after 18. Go for a walk for about 205work: Subtitle 3 minutesRelax after 19. Stretch so that you won’t feel aswork: Subtitle 4 tight and achy as you used to andkeep you working hard andfeeling greatRelax after 20. Enjoy a light read freely andwork: Subtitle 5 casually to help you feel relaxedand forget the woesRelax after 21. Write diaries to keep track ofwork: Subtitle 6 goals and inspirationIII. Independent activity 3: Introducing useful expressions, steps and tactics duringdemonstration*T: Ask students to sort out the two different types of solutions according to Worksheet Oneand Two.*Ss: Choose three effective and healthy solutions to Andy’s symptoms and three unhealthyones.*T: Introduce several useful expressions, steps and tactics when someone wants to illustratehis or her ideas more logically and reasonably. Give an example for students’ reference.*Ss: Select one unhealthy solution among the above three for further demonstration.Purpose: To get prepared in terms of language and pattern for the further productionand presentation.Guided question:What are the three main healthy solutions and unhealthy solutions to Andy’s stress Could youselect one unhealthy way among the above to make a demonstration and show your criticalthinking Useful expressionsStating your viewpoint about and attitude towards a particular solution:… is absolutely/somewhat wrong/improper/inappropriate.I wouldn’t go along with the idea/solution that…I’d be inclined to disagree with the idea that….That’s not the way we should deal with stress.Analyzing the possible effects/ consequences of unhealthy solutions:【rhetorical question】Don’t you think it would lead to ... 【hypothesis】If I were you, I would/would not...because…6I was wondering what the potential result of ... would be in the long run.It may work to some extent, but you fail to consider the effect of...What are your thoughts on the potential risks of… Working out healthy solutions instead to excessive stress and offering explanations:【hypothesis】If it were up to me, I would...The way I see it is (that) …As for me, I reckon that …【illustration】A recent study has shown that...I suggest/advise/propose/recommend that you should …【comparison】Compared with A, B is much better/healthier/a better alternative.【comparison】Contrary to A, B can…Conclusion:Let me repeat/rephrase what I said.After careful consideration/discussion, I must conclude that...That’s all I am able to work out/put forward.【demonstration example】I wouldn’t go along with the idea that we speed up to finish as many tasks as possible withoutstop.I was wondering what the potential result of pushing ourselves to do demanding and endlesswork would be in the long run. Don’t you think it would lead to a higher level of anxiety andnervousness in addition to our existing restlessness Don’t you think it would rob us of our time,freedom, wisdom and inspiration to reflect on what we are doing at the moment and makeadjustment reasonably If it were up to me, I would turn to another solution, that is, to makemyself slow down by listening to some healing music or making my to-do list more flexible andrational. Contrary to the former one, the latter one can help us keep a stable and sound attitudeand manage our time more effectively. Therefore, after careful consideration, I must concludethat we’d better slow down to enjoy the preparation process instead of forcing ourselves to finishevery mission, necessary or unnecessary, without any relaxation.IV. Interactive activity 4: Illustrating your ideas about the solutions to stress7*T: Ask students to work in groups to present their own versions of demonstration,following the given steps and using the suggested expressions, tactics as well as informationin Worksheet One and Two.*Ss: Discuss in groups and then present their own version in front of the whole class.Purpose: To help students consolidate what they learned in this class and makepreparations for the after-class writing assignment.For students’ reference(content):Healthy solutions Unhealthy solutionsMeasure periodical and small targets, write them down and appreciate little accomplishments (make progress step by step) Focus on a big or the final goal far away or work out ambitious objectives far beyond your competenceAdmit and face up to the outside stress, forget it as quickly as possible and not be affected by it Surround us with people and things that make us feel stressed and spread stress by complaining to othersWork less by eliminating unnecessary tasks to save energy, by taking strategic breaks, by stopping multi-tasking and by focusing on one issue at a time Try to finish all missions without selection, keep working without relaxation, be a multi-tasker and handle everything on your ownShare your feelings with an adult you trust or consult a professional to get treatment; Keep your emotions (stress) inside and refuse to share with others to get guidance and treatment;Make yourself slow down by sparing some time away from distraction, by listening to healing music and by making your to-do list flexible Speed up to finish as many tasks as possible without stopFocus on what you are doing without distraction flight: withdraw from stressful situation (be left alone to enjoy peace and quiet)Have a balanced life which includes enough and sound sleep, healthy and balanced diet, exercises and adequate time for fun stuff; Put things off throughout the day and stay up late due to procrastinationtake a bath, enjoy a light read, write diaries, take deep breath hit the wall, drink alcohol, cryV. Assignments:1. Students should summarize four steps, particular expressions and tactics in critical thinkingand demonstration;2. Students are encouraged to list several healthy solutions to dealing with stress.3. Writing assignment: students are required to write a letter to Andy in response, offer himeffective solutions to stress and make comparisons between healthy and unhealthy solutionsusing the steps, sentences and tactics learned in class.8AppendixAdditional reading one——Do what you love“Do what you love.” We’ve all heard this advice before. It’s great advice, though not manypeople truly take it to heart.But sometimes doing what you love isn’t enough to keep you going. Inspiration, passion, andmotivation are difficult things to hold on to. They always seem to slip away right when you needthem most.You know that feeling. Where you're that close to finishing a project, or achieving a goal, orcrossing a task off your to-do list … but you just can't muster(聚集)the energy. You've lostinterest. You're exhausted. And you don't know why.That's stress. It's something many of us are all too familiar with. I'd like to share with you afew ways that I fight stress – or prevent it from catching me in the first place.1. Achieve in increments(增量,增加). When you only focus on a big goal someday, it'seasy to get stressed by the daily grind. It's like driving toward a mountain in the distance. Youcan drive for hours, but the mountain doesn't seem to get any closer. And spinning(旋转)your wheels makes you feel tired easily.The solution is to give yourself a way to measure and record every little step forward you take.Here's how:Get a journal, notebook, or calendar. Writing things down is important.Identify milestones on the road towards your goal. If you're writing a book, you could treateach chapter as one milestone. Or, even better, treat each 500 words or 1000 words as amilestone.Learn to appreciate the little accomplishments. Let yourself enjoy the feeling of getting thingsdone.2. Train your muse. The best way I've found is immersion(沉浸). Surround yourself withthings that inspire you and reflect your goals. Great composers listen to music. Great authorsread voraciously. Great marketers attend seminars. And so on. Immersion trains your mind towork efficiently in the ways you need it to.The more that your inspiration becomes a part of your life, the less likely it is to run outwhen you need it most. With that in mind, be creative.3. Work less. Cut down on the amount of energy and time you spend working. If you havesick days or vacation days left, take advantage of them. Or, if you're self-employed, forceyourself to work fewer hours each day – even if that means turning down new projects.Working less doesn't mean you have to slack off(偷懒)or get less done. It does mean thatyou:Eliminate unnecessary tasks.Take strategic breaks.Stop multi-tasking.Seek help from other people.4. Define success realistically. There's absolutely nothing wrong with having big dreams andbig ambitions. But if you're constantly frustrated by a lack of progress, it might be time to take astep back and examine your goals. Are they achievable Are you holding yourself to areasonable timeline Here's a good way to do this. Get a piece of paper and write down your big, ambitious goal.Then write down at least 10 specific, concrete steps that will allow you to achieve that goal. Be9as detailed as possible. If you can't come up with a series of down-to-earth steps to get you fromhere to your dream, that's a sign that you need to either redefine your goals or rethink the wayyou're pursuing those goals.5. Get more sleep. You've heard this before, I know. So have I. But that didn't stop me fromgoing against my better judgment and tiring myself out by staying up late to work. Gettingenough sleep takes a conscious decision – and, just like any good habit, takes time to develop.One of the biggest barriers for me in this area is procrastination拖延症. I have a tendency toput things off throughout the day, then stay up later as a result. What's keeping you from gettingthe rest you need 6. Take it slow(er). The world tells us to rush things: "Get there faster. Make moneyquicker. Retire sooner." And while these things aren't necessarily bad, they can easily get us inover our heads(晕头转向). If you're feeling stressed and overwhelmed, it's time to slow down.A few ways to take yourself out of 24/7 high gear:Spend at least 10 minutes a day in a quiet place, away from distractions. Breathe.Put together a playlist of slow, relaxing music. Listen to it whenever you start feeling frazzled(疲惫而烦躁的).Take a butcher knife to your to-do list. Set a limit to the number of tasks you take on each dayand stick to it.Extend your deadlines. Do you absolutely, positively have to get this done now Justremember – this isn't an excuse to procrastinate.7. Get a second opinion. It's hard to spot stress from the inside. Your close friends and familyare likely to identify the signs of stress long before you do. So listen to what they're saying. Thenext time your spouse, parent, or best friend tells you you're working too hard, take it seriously.8. Set clear boundaries. Stress happens when we allow work to overflow its boundaries andinterfere with every other part of our lives. So set strong boundaries. The clearer the better. Inwriting, if possible.For example, instead of saying: "I'll spend three hours every night with my family," make itclearer: "I won't work after 8 o'clock. That's 100% family time." Clear boundaries are easier tostick to and harder to rationalize away.Once you've set up your boundaries, make them public. Let your family know that you've setaside time just for them. They'll hold you accountable to your promises. Let your clients knowthat you'll be unavailable during certain hours. This will reduce the temptation to fudge(回避)on your boundaries.9. When you're working, focus. I've found that concentrating on work is actually lessexhausting than allowing yourself to be wishy-washy(稀里糊涂的,不坚定的)about it.When you decide that it's time to work, buckle down(倾尽全力), eliminate distractions, anddo it wholeheartedly. There's something amazingly refreshing about pure, sharp focus.10. Create outlets(出口,表现机会). If you're a person of diverse interests, it's likely thatyou have several very different goals and ideas bouncing around in your head at any given time.These ideas need outlets. If you hold them inside, they'll eventually start interfering with yourfocus and creating unnecessary frustration, leading to pressure.11. Know when to power through(撑过去)it. This is going to sound out of place givenwhat I've said above, but it's powerful – if applied correctly. Sometimes the solution for stress isjust to power through it. Sometimes stress can be an illusion. In these cases, the best choice is torefuse to use stress as an excuse, ignore the fact that you feel stressed, and just work through it.1012. Never accept defeat. Stress is an obstacle like any other. It can hold you back for a while,but it's not the end of the world – unless you let it defeat you.If you have a great goal in mind, don't give up on it, no matter how stressed, exhausted, orfrustrated you might feel. If everything I've said up until this point fails, do this: hold on to yourdream – even if it doesn't feel like much of a dream at the moment. Hold on to it anyway. Thatway, when the storm clears, your dream will still be intact(完好无损的), ready for another try.Additional reading two——Fight-or-flightResearchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. Thisdifference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same"fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressivebehavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from thestressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women havequite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress inthe fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called"tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturingtheir young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially otherfemales ('befriend").Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role isplayed by certain hormones released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that thefemale tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin(催产素), has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its rolein the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E.Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed,more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌)oxytocin, its effects are reducedby male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely thanmen to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends,or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came hometo their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoysome peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing herattention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequencyof stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why womenon average live longer than men.Additional reading three——The law of the garbage truck11Do you sit next to a whinging(气愤抱怨的)workmate who constantly moans(呻吟,抱怨)about fellow colleagues, workload or politics Do you listen patiently while she worries about bosses, boyfriends or boring bank issues If you do, you could be suffering more than just absent ear. As a new study reveals, we canactually "catch" other people's stress.Professor Elaine Hatfield, a psychologist from the University of Hawaii, discovered thatstress can be as contagious(感染性的,会蔓延的)as a cold, and that "passive" or second-hand stress and anxiety can quickly spread around the workplace."People seem to be capable of mimicking(模仿)others' facial, vocal, and posturalexpressions with stunning(令人震惊的)rapidity," Hatfield said."As a consequence, they are able to feel themselves into those other emotional lives to asurprising extent."Prof. Hatfield's study found that we are effectively sponges, soaking up so-called emotionalcontagions emitted by those around us.As we absorb other people's stress, we can begin to feel stressed too - and to focus on issuesthat might be troubling us.In part, we take on our friend or colleague's stress in an attempt to identify with them, butalso because the constant stream of discontent poured into our ears acts as a depressant, turningour minds to negative thoughts.And Professor Hatfield found that not only do we take on other people's negative thoughtpatterns, we can also start to subconsciously take on their stressed-out body language, causing usto hunch(弓背,耸肩)our shoulders and furrow(皱眉)our brows when we talk to them."In conversation, people automatically and continuously mimic their movements with thefacial expressions, voices, postures, movements, and instrumental behaviors of others," ProfessorHatfield says."Women are more at risk because they tend to be more in tune to other people's feelings."……Actually many people are like garbage trucks. They run around full of garbage, full offrustration, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they need a placeto dump it and sometimes they'll dump it on you.Don't take it personally. Just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. Don't take theirgarbage and spread it to other people at work, at home or on the streets.The bottom line is that successful people do not let garbage trucks take over their day. Life'stoo short to wake up in the morning with regrets, so love the people who treat you right and prayfor the ones who don't. Life is ten percent what you make it and ninety percent how you take it.Additional reading four——Relax after workMany of us blur the line between our private and professional lives, but we know that it isimportant to have a little rest and recuperation(恢复,复原)every now and then, even if onlyfor a few short minutes. Here are some tips to help you reduce your stress and let go after a longday in the office.1. Take a bath: Nothing beats the feeling of a warm bath. Soaking in bath salts(浴盐) willhelp relieve stress and soothe your muscles, allowing your body to unwind after a long day onthe job. Don't have a bath A hot shower works wonders too!122. Light a candle: Sounds simple, but candles are a small, inexpensive luxury that create arelaxing setting throughout your home. Choosing scents like lavender(薰衣草)is known toreduce stress, anxiety, and insomnia. Candles are the easiest way to create a calm environmentafter a long day.3. Go for a walk: Many of us have office jobs that keep us indoors for a majority of the day. Setaside 20 minutes to go for a walk throughout your neighborhood. It's the perfect way to getmoving and enjoy the outdoors, especially during warm Summer nights.4. Stretch! Sitting in an office chair for several hours each day can make your body justas tight and achy as an intense workout. Try these simple stretches for desk dwellers(居民)and high-heel(高跟鞋)wearers to keep you working hard and feeling great.5. Enjoy a light read: Crack open a book or magazine and escape into it. It is easy toget caught up(陷入,被卷入)only reading from a computer screen or e-reader. Flippingpages will give your eyes a much-needed break from the screen, and nonwork-related contentwill help you forget any office woes.6. Write your diary: Remember your teenage journal Bring it back! Journaling can bethe perfect way to unwind and reflect on your day. Journals also act as a great way to keep trackof goals and inspiration. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览