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动名词用法小结
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“动词原形+ ing”。形式上与现在分词一样，但与现在分词有很大区别。动名词既具有动词特点，又具有名词特点。
动名词词在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、定语。谓语动词用单数。
动名词 主动语态(肯定／否定) 被动语态(肯定／否定)
一般式 (not ) doing (not )being done
完成式 (not ) having done (not ) having been done
作主语
1、动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义也是表示某个动作或事情。例如：1. Reading English aloud in the morning is a good way to learn English.
2. Cheating on an exam ruins one's character. 考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
3.Being careless is not a good habit.
4.As is known to all,_____________( 吸烟) does harm to people’s health.
5.Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.
6.His (不可用Him) ________________________________ （不按时起床） made his mother angry.
smoking
not getting up on time
2、动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如：
It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
3、动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，不定式通常表示具体的动作或行为，如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. (抽象,泛指)
He realized that to go on like this was no use. (具体)
4、在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换：
当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如： Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.
5、动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：
It’s no use doing … It’s no good doing…
It’s a waste of time doing …
二、作表语
1、动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：
动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。如：
My job is looking after the children. = Looking after the children is my job.
Our duty is serving the people. = Serving the people is our duty.
以上两处是动名词作表语，可以和主语互换位置，不影响句子的基本含义。
What I hate is _________________________(talk) with such people.
我讨厌与这样的人说话。
talking
2、现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very, quite等副词来修饰，如：令人......的。
The situation is encouraging. 形势鼓舞人心的。
This cake is very inviting. 蛋糕诱人。
The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.
3、动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：
动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；
不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较：
My favorite sport is swimming.
The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.
三、作宾语
1、能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, escape,practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used/accustomed to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, key to,approach to,lead to, stick to, 等。
另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：begin、start, forget、remember ，regret ,hate、like、plan、prefer、 try、stop、need、can’t afford等。
(1) 动名词跟在及物动词后做宾语。例如：
I enjoy working with you.
After hearing the funny story, all of us
couldn't help laughing ear to ear.
Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow
I don’t like being laughed at in public.
在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
Do you remember your parents and me telling about this 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？
(2) 动名词跟在介词后面作宾语。例如：
1.I'm looking forward to your coming next time.
2.Thank you for __________________________(offer) me so much help.
3.He is fond of _____________________________ (watch ) sports-games.
4.The baby was made awake by the door suddenly _____________________ (shut). 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。
5.Have you ever heard of women ___________________________(practise ) boxing 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？(有生命名词但表示泛指意义)
6.The father insisted on his son’s/his son____________________( go) to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。
offering
watching
being shut
practising
going
(3) 下列动词后的动名词主动形式表示被动义。
Your car needs filling / to be filled.
你这车要加油了。
This city deserves visiting / to be visited.
这座城市值得一游。
The problem requires studying / to be studied carefully .
这个问题需要认真研究。
The trees want watering / to be watered .
这些树需要浇水了。
四、作定语
动名词作定语表用途；现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行。例如：
1.swimming pool 游泳池5. reading material 阅读材料
2.walking stick 手杖 6. opening speech 开幕词
3.listening aid 助听器 7.waiting room 候车室
4. running water 自来水
8.developing countries 发展中国家
9.working people 劳动人民
10. a sleeping child 熟睡孩子
11.a sleeping car 卧铺车厢
12.He was killed by a falling stone.
五、介词 + 动名词结构作状语
动名词（短语）可以和about, against, at, before, after, by, for, besides, from, in, on, upon, without等介词构成短语，在句中作状语，如：
1.They broke in loud cheers on ________________ (hear ) the news.
2. She left without ______________________ (say ) good-bye to us.
3. Besides_________________( cook ) and sewing, she had to take care of the children.
用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如：
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).
（禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车）
No fishing! No photographing! No photos & video
hearing
saying
cooking

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