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上海市部分区2022-2023学年高三下学期二模英语试卷分类汇编
概要写作专题
2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. The Dunning-Kruger Effect
In 1999, social psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger did a series of studies evaluating people’s competence in certain areas. The people in the studies were also asked to evaluate their own abilities in each area. Dunning and Kruger found that people who scored very low on the test tended to overestimate their abilities. Later research has indicated that a similar principle applies to other areas as well. This principle has become known as the Dunning-Kruger effect after the researchers who discovered it. The Dunning-Kruger effect occurs because only when people have skills in a given area are they equipped to evaluate their own skills. For example, in some situations it takes a scientist to recognize bad science.
The opposite of the Dunning-Kruger effect also happens: capable people have a more accurate view of their own abilities, and sometimes they even underestimate themselves. An extreme case of this would be impostor syndrome, which is when a skilled person feels as if they are faking their skills despite knowing what they are doing.
It’s tempting to think of the Dunning-Kruger effect as a problem that other people have. People may even laugh at those who think themselves more competent than they are. But everyone has areas where they lack competence — and the Dunning-Kruger effect means they may be especially bad at identifying those areas. Even if someone is very intelligent in general, there are still things they don’t know much about. Expertise (专业知识) in one area cannot always be transferred to other areas.
That’s why it’s important to keep digging for information even when you think you’ve found answers. It can also be helpful to check your ideas with other people. Receiving negative feedback can hurt, but if you’re willing to listen, it can help you grow. Even just keeping in mind that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists can help you stay humble, accept criticism and, thus, keep learning throughout your life.
2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷
IV. Summary writing (10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Museum Craze Involves More Teenagers
More museums are here waiting for you! China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year. The building of a new branch of the Palace Museum, one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, kicked off as well.
As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years. Among the increasing numbers of museum visitors, many of them were teenagers accompanied by their families, reported Guangming Daily earlier this month.
To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluation, and some interesting courses. At the China Hangzhou Arts & Crafts Museum, for example, teenagers gathered around to make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival holiday. With white gloves on and little spades in their hands, visitors in Henan province got to experience the daily work of archaeologists (考古学家). Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers. A hall called Popular Agricultural Science for Young Visitors is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibition hall that combines both visual and audio technology to involve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitors may go on an exciting adventure on the website in the style of a comic book.
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. How your unique story can get you hired
You’re sitting at your computer to apply for your dream job, but suddenly you’re not confident enough to get it. So you don’t even submit the application. It is natural for you to experience self-doubt at such a crucial moment, especially if you’re people of color, first generation college student, or you don’t have a traditional background. The secret is to transform how you perceive your own story.
Ask yourself two questions. The first one: why do you want to do this work Maybe you already know the kind of job or work environment that makes you happy, or maybe you haven’t quite figured that out yet. Usually, your personal experiences can help give you clues. For example, your brother had to overcome his dyslexia(诵读困难症), and you helped him with his reading. Gradually, you became interested in education. That motivated you to work as a teacher.
The second question you have to ask yourself: how can you tell your story to exhibit the unique qualities you have For example, you undertook multiple jobs unrelated to your major while you were in college. When you’re in an interview, go ahead and talk about them, because it will show the employer that you have time management skills and a strong passion for work. Employers are looking for well-rounded individuals that are capable of accomplishing various job tasks.
Go back and reflect on those tough questions that you need to answer. The answers are what makes you you. Reframing your story can remake your confidence over and over again, but it takes time. It’s like running a marathon. You have to train and practice. When you learn to practice your story, tell it with assurance. You’re sure to stand out among all the candidates.
2023届上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Humans Evolved to Be Lonely
Loneliness hurts and, over time, it can put the body into a state that increases our risk of everything from heart attack to diabetes and cancer. So, evolutionarily speaking, why do we experience it Stephanie Cacioppo, a neuroscientist, says that countless studies have helped researchers formulate a holistic（全面的）purpose for loneliness.
Being social had its downsides even back then-competition for food, for example, or contribution to the spread of pathogens（病原体）.But scientists think we evolved to feel loneliness because it was more important to work with one another to accomplish tasks and protect everyone. “The pain of loneliness drove us to renew the social structure so we could survive and promote key features like trust, cooperation and collective action,” explains Cacioppo.
She says that, for years, researchers thought of loneliness as a “disease with no compensatory features.” But now, they’re realizing that it's more of a biological hunger signal that reminds us when it's time to reconnect with those around us to promote our short-term survival. If the outcomes of loneliness were entirely negative, it would no longer be a part of our DNA. “Hunger and thirst protect our physical body while loneliness protects our social body,” says Cacioppo.
Interestingly, while loneliness sends a signal to the brain that it's time for connection, at the same time it's also looking for danger. This “contradictory signal,” according to Cacioppo, reminds us to be careful of whether the people we are connecting with are enemies or friends. She calls this need to be watchful even as we're socializing a “self-protection mechanism.” That means in situations where you feel lonely even when surrounded by others, you’re subconsciously thinking that this crowd might not be a good evolutionary fit for your survival.
2023届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing
Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71.
A plan to restore green spaces
The UK government has revealed a plan to protect and restore England's wildlife. It focuses on at-risk species by making canals, rivers and streams cleaner and expanding green spaces.
The new Environmental Improvement Plan sets goals to create or restore more than 5,000 square kilometres of wildlife habitats across England and restore 400 miles of rivers. It will create or expand 25 national nature reserves. New woodland will also be planted alongside rivers. At the moment, access to green spaces is not equal across the UK. Around 4% of people live more than 10 minutes away from their nearest park. The Environmental Improvement Plan aims to make sure households in England are within a 15-minute walk to a green space.
As well as helping more people to get close to nature, the plan should increase England's biodiversity. A Species Survival Fund will be set up to help some of England’s most endangered animals， such as red squirrels（松鼠） and water rats. The Government has set targets to boost these species by 2030.There are also targets to reduce food waste, glass, metal, paper and plastic by 2028,and to improve the quality of water in rivers.
New rules mean that the Government will have to consider the environmental effects of any policy it puts forward. These goals are part of a 25-year plan that was launched in 2018. The aim of the plan is to improve the environment “within a generation”, which is roughly 25 years.
Although lots of people have welcomed the plan, not everyone is impressed. Paul de Zylva, from the charity Friends of the Earth, said it wasn't clear enough how the goals would be met and that many of them were like promises the Government had already made but not yet delivered.
参考答案
2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
IV. Summary Writing（共10分）
The Dunning-Kruger effect refers to a principle where people who don’t know much in certain areas tend to overestimate themselves. The opposite situation can also happen where capable people underestimate themselves. However, many people may not realize where they lack competence, so it’s advisable to admit the existence of the Dunning-Kruger effect and keep humble and learning. (57 words)
档次 内容 语言
A 5 5
B 4 4
C 3 3
D 2 2
E 1 1
F 0 0
评分标准：
1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。
3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。
各档次给分要求:
内容部分：
A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。
B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。
C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。
D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。
E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。
F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。
语言部分：
A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。
C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。
D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。
E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。
2023届上海市嘉定区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Summary:
Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenager visits increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers. (57 words)
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
概要写作：
(version1)
When you doubt yourself in job-hunting, viewing your own story from a different perspective is helpful. First, look for some possible motives from your previous experiences. Second, dig your strengths and demonstrate them to the employers. If you make full use of these skills, it is more likely for you to get your dream job. (55 words)
(version2)
Your unique story can help you get your dream job successfully. The key is to make good use of the story. First, ask yourself why you want to do this work by referring to your personal experiences. Second, figure out how you can demonstrate your unique strengths to the employers. With these skills, you are more likely to get hired. (60 words)
2023届上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
IV. Summary Writing
Loneliness is a painful feeling negatively influencing the body, but it may have evolved as a biological hunger signal to promote short-term survival through renewed social connections. Studies demonstrate loneliness helps drive the evolution of social structures by promoting crucial features. While signaling for connection, loneliness also reminds us to be careful of potential danger, serving as a self-protection mechanism.
2023届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题
71.
British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via water purification and extension of greens. Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of access to green spaces and to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund. Despite the long-term plan's pro-environmental intention, some people doubt whether these goals are achievable.(56)
12个目标中的另一个：Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of
5分 access to green spaces 或 to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.
1 长期计划 Despite the long-term plan＇s pro-environmental intention
1 主旨：British government plans to preserve the endangered wildlife via water purification and extension of greens．
3 12个目标中的任何一个：Large-scale restoration of the ecological environment aims to level off the inequality of
分 access to green spaces 或 to boost biodiversity with the support of a fund.
1人们的态度：some people doubt whether these goals are achievable．

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