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高考英语情态动词专题讲解与练习
一、情态动词的定义
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有： can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .
二、情态动词的位置
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中， 情态动词放在主语之前。
I can see e here. 我能看见你，过来吧。
He must have been away. 他一定走了。
What can I do for you 你要什么？
How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们!
三、情态动词的语法特征
　1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
　2） 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接动词原形。
　3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
　4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
四、情态动词的用法
（一）. can; could; be able to
Can 1. 表示“能力”(此时过去时是could) What can you do
2. 表示许可、请求，“可以”。 在口语中，can可以代替may表示许可，而may比较正式。（此时用could或might语气更委婉）--Can/Could I go now --Yes, you can.
3 表示推测（否，疑），把握很大,could也可表推测（肯，否，疑）,把握比can小。
--Look! Someone is coming! Who can it be
--It can’t be him. He has gone to Paris.（不可能）
He could be here soon. 他很快就来。
4 表示感情（惊异/不耐烦）“究竟，到底”（主要用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中。）
How can you be so foolish What can it possibly be 到底那是怎么一回事
They can’t be working at this time of day.
5 肯定句中客观存在的可能性。“有时会，偶尔”
It can be quite windy there, especially in spring.
Could 1.表示能力， can 的过去式，过去能够
Could you speak English then 那时候你会说英语吗
Looking down from the plane, we could see lights on the runway. 从飞机上向下看，我们可以看见机场跑道上的点点灯火。
2. 请求允许（委婉语气）（问句的答语不用could，而用can，）
Could [Can] I use your pen ” “Yes, of course you can.”/ No, I’m afraid not.
3. 表示推测可能性（肯，否，疑）
We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。(将来可能性)
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. 你可能是对的，但我并不认为你是对的。(现在可能性)
4. could have done ①对过去推测，可能已经。。。
②本来能够却没做，差点就
He can’t [couldn’t] have seen her there. 他不可能在那儿见到她。
He could have gone home. 他可能已回家了
He could have told her, but he didn’t choose to. 他本来可以告诉她的，但他却没有。
You could ask me before you use my phone. 你打电话之前本来可以问我一声。
I was so angry I could have killed him. 我是那样生气，差点把他杀了。
5. can 和 be able to 都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别，但can 只有现在式和过去式(could)，而be able to 则有更多的形式。
过去时：were/was able to 将来时：will/shall be able to 完成时：have /has been able to
★ 如果要表达将来的能力时，一般要用 will/shall be able to．
No one is able to do it.
We shall be able to finish the work next week.
I haven’t been able to finish the book
☆Could与 was/ were able to的区别：could 只表有能力， was/were able to 意含”过去某时经过努力设法做成了某事”, 还可以表示结果
They worked hard, so they were able to do more for the company.
He could cure the old man’s illness. (能治好)
He was able to cure the old man’s illness. (治好了)
（二）may 和 might
may （过去式might） 1.表示允许﹑许可，might提问更委婉。口语中可用can/ could.
---May/Might I watch TV after supper
---Yes, you may./ Yes, please./ Certainly.
---No, you mustn't. / No, you may not. / No, you can’t.
--- No, you’d better not.
2. 表示推测(肯，否)，有“或许”、“可能”的意思。might把握更小。疑问句用can/ could
He may be right.
I hear there may be a few copies left.
He may come today (tomorrow).
He might come today (tomorrow).
3. 表示祝愿，倒装。
May you succeed! May you have many more days as happy as this one.
Might 1. may 的过去式He said that I might borrow this book.
2. 许可(委婉语气) Might I ...
3. 表示推测（肯，否） “或许”“可能”把握比may小。疑问句用can/could
He might get there in time, but I’m not sure.
☆特殊结构;may [might] (just) as well…
意为“不妨”、“还是…为好”等，用 might 比用 may 语气更委婉。如：
I’m ready，so I might as well go now．我已准备好，因此不妨现在就走。
There’s nothing to do, so I may [might] as well go to bed.
☆特殊结构may well... 完全可能
（三）. must, have to
Must
1. must 表示“必须”。否定式must not (mustn’t)表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等。
Everybody must obey the rules.
The work must be finished as soon as possible.
You mustn’t lend it to others.
You mustn’t speak like that to your mother.
☆在回答有“must” 的询问时，否定式常用need not (needn’t) / don’t have to表示“不必”, 而不用must not, 因为must not 表示“禁止”“不可以”
--- Must I go now --- Yes, you must.
---No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
2. must 表示推测（“一定”、“必定”），只用在肯定句中, 其否定形式为can’t，表示“不可能”
You must be hungry after the long walk.
The Chinese language must have the large number of speakers.
3．must 表示说话人不耐烦的态度，“干嘛偏要”
☆ must + have + done，表示对过去事物的肯定推测。 “一定做过...”
He must have told my parents about it. 他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。
☆ must表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如：
It must be nice to take a walk here, isn’t it
Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesn't he？
Must have done 的反意疑问句有三种情况:
①从句中含有过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去时.
The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didn’t it
②从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去完成时.
By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadn’t we
③若从句中不含任何时间状语,反意疑问句用现在完成时
We must have been met somewhere (before), haven’t we
☆must 表示“必须”　“有必要”时，反义疑问句部分用mustn’t... 或 needn’t ... 　
You must go home right now, needn’t you
☆must 用否定形式 mustn’t时，附加疑问句部分用may或must…
You mustn’t cheat in the examination, must you
3. 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦．意为“偏要”．
-____you make so much noise （A）
-Sorry, I will take care not to.
A Must B Can C May D Would
4. must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观看法, have to “不得不, 必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。have to 比 must 有更多形式。mustn’t表示“决不能，禁止，一定不要”，而don’t have to表示“不必要”．（英国英语常用needn’t) .
I don’t like the TV set. I must buy a new one. （主观看法）
The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one. （客观需要）
He had to spend his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm.
You will have to do it again。(将来)
（四） ought to/ should/ shall
ought to用于反映客观情况或涉及义务和规定时，常译作“应该”、“应当”(和should差不多， 只是语气较强)，有时表示非常可能的事情。
There ought not to be much noise in a hospital.
--- Ought he to go --- Yes, he ought to.
If she is completely well, she ought to be back at school today.
ought to have done指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
ought not to have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
should
1.用于表示劝告和建议，“应该”．表示自己的主观看法,语气比ought to弱。
You should keep your promise.
☆ should + have done 指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。
should not + have done 表示一件不该做的事情却做了。
--- Who did it sound like Anybody you know
--- Well, perhaps Jeff. I should have asked who was calling before he hung it up.
2.表推测，“按道理，按常理应该”
They should have arrived by two o’ clock.
3.表示惊讶,赞叹，不满，责备 “竟然”
I am sorry that you should do such a thing.
4. 用于if引导的虚拟条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性小，但也不是完全不可能。有“万一”的意思
Should I be free tomorrow, I’ll come
Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.
shall
1. shall 作为情态动词，用于第二、第三人称，陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告”、“威胁”、“强制”、“允诺”等意思。“必须，应，可以”．
You shall do as I say. （命令）
Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. （允诺）
You shall be punished if you break the law. (表警告)
2. 用于第一、第三人称, 在疑问句中，shall 用来征询对方意见。“……好吗？”“要不要……？”
Where shall I wait for you
Shall he come at once
Shall we start the meeting now
3.在条约﹑规定﹑法令等文件中表示义务或规定，用于第三人称
The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st
（五）. will 和 would
will
(1) will 表示“意志”、”决心” 、“意愿”，可用于多种人称。will 指现在，would 指过去。
I will tell you all about it.
He won’t go.
(2) will 在疑问句中用语第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求.委婉语气would
I’m going to go shopping after school. Will you go with me
Will you please give him a message when you see him
(3) 表示习惯动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的意思。过去式would
He’ll talk for hours if you give him the chance.
(4) 表示功能，“能” The door won’t open. / The car won’t start.
(5)用于叙述真理,客观规律时“会” Oil will float on water. / Fish will die without water.
would
(1) Would是will的过去式，表示过去时间的“意愿”、“愿望”，用于多种人称。
They said that they would help us.
I promised that I would do my best.
(2) 表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will 委婉。指的是现在时间。
Would you like some bananas
I’d like to see your new bicycle.
--- Would you like to see a film --- Yes, I’d like to.
--- Thanks. I’m afraid not. / I’m afraid I won’t be able to.
(3) 表示过去的习惯动作。
She would sit like that for hours.
Everyday she would get up at six o’clock and light the fire.
☆would和used to区别：Would “过去常常”可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以，不能说：She would be a quiet girl. Used to 则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含“现在已不复如此”之意，动作或状态都可表示．She used to be a girl.
When young, he would go out for a trip on Sundays. (Now maybe still does)
When young, he used to go out for a trip. (But now he doesn’t)
Near the village, there _____ be a stream. （B）
A. would B. used to
（六）. need 和 dare
1. need 表示“需要”、“必须”。通常用在否定句或疑问句中。
He needn’t pay for it.
--- Need you go now --- Yes, I must. --- No, I needn’t.
2. dare 表示“敢”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句和if/whether 引出的宾语从句中。
How dare you say I’m unfair
She dare not do so.
He asked me if I dared speak English in public.
☆ need 和 dare 也可用作行为动词，变化与一般动词相同
She didn’t need to go.
--- Who dares to go - -- I don’t dare (to) go.
☆ I dare say …作插入语,我想, 大概, 可能, 或许
☆ “needn‘t + have done” 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。
You needn't have taken it seriously.
这件事情你不必太认真。
G. had better/ had best “最好”，如：
— We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).
Hadn't we better stop now (Had we better not stop now )
I think I'd better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）
You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）
注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用
五、 情态动词+ have done
must have done,“一定做过/一定已经．．．”表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句
may/might have done 也许做过某事 may/ might not have done 也许没做过某事(之用肯、否)
might have done 本来可以做某事却没做
can与have done 连用时, 为否定句或疑问句,对过去的推测“不可能，一定没做过某事”
could have done本来可以做某事却没做
needn’t have done 表示”本来不必做(却做了)”而needn’t do 则表示”不必做(也没做)”
ought to /should have done 表示”本来应当做的却没做”
oughtn’t / shouldn’t have done 本来不应该做某事却做了
would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
would rather have done 表示”当时宁愿做了某事”，否定形式：would rather not have done
e.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you.
would like/love to have done 表示” 本想做某事” 而实际上未做。
情态动词+be doing 表示根据推测，现在正在进行或可能正在进行的动作。
Eg. His mother must be waiting at the school gate.
情态动词+be done 表示现在或将要发生的被动的动作。
Men must not be judged by their looks.
情态动词+have been done 表示对过去已经发生的被动动作的猜测，有时含有指责，抱怨等不满的情绪。I can’t find my recorder . it may have been taken away by someone.
情态动词+have been doing 表示根据猜测，从过去到现在一直在进行的动作，具有“应该一直在……”或“想必一直在……”等意思。 They may have been discussing the problem this morning .
六、情态动词考点解析
命题特点
考点点击：情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等，它是英语动词中最难把握的一类，也是每年高考必考内容。
命题热点：为情态动词的基本用法辨析，情态动词表示态度的用法辨析，情态动词表示推测的用法辨析，情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。
考查形式：主要体现在听力理解、单项填空和完形填空中。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
典例精析
（一）考查情态动词的基本用法
　　一些常见情态动词的非常用意义往往为高考考查的焦点，考生须确切理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。
例1：“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by　both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall
例2：— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it
— Of course.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
析：上述两题均考查 shall的非常用含义，当shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁上述三题答案分别为D、B。
例3：He’s strange -- he __ sit for hours without saying anything.A. shall B. will C. can D. must
分析：will用来谈习惯和特性，尤其是不受时限必然发生的情况。本句意思为“他很怪，能一坐几个小时一句话也不说”。答案为B。
例4：John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？
　　A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
例5：Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this！
　　A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
分析：must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”；而mustn’t则表示禁止、不允许，是说话人强有力的劝告。故答案分别为A、B。
例6：You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady.
　　A. might B. need C. should D. would
分析：在某些名词性从句中，should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟然”。答案分别为C。如：It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。
例7：____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must
分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨，会议就延期。”答案为A。
例8：A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
　A. should B. can C. must D. will
例9：The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析：can 表示推测时常用于疑问和否定句中，用于肯定句中常常表示理论上的可能性，用来表达事件或情况可能发生(但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生)。故答案分别为B、D。
（二）考查情态动词的推测用法
　　1、对现在或客观事实的推测
对现在或客观事实的肯定推测一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could，语气依次递减。
例10：Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet.
　　A. shall B. must C. may D. can
例11：—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
例12：That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.A. can B. could C. will D. ought to
分析：must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may(might)译为“也许、大概”，表示把握不大的推断，后面常跟but。could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。答案分别为C、D、C。
对现在或客观事实的否定推测，常用cannot译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气非常肯定, may not, might not或could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。
例13：You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春) A. must B. shall C. may D. need
例14：--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there
　--No, it _______ be him ---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
　A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not分析：在例13中，might just as well表示“最好……，还是……为好”，说明喜欢的可能性不大，故用may not。例14，根据后面的I’m sure可以看出，推测的语气较强，故用can’t译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感彩，常用于否定语气较强时。答案分别为C、A。
对现在或客观事实的疑问推测，往往用can或could，而不用may/might。
例15：Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？
A. can B. should C. may D. must
分析：对现在或客观事实的疑问推测，往往用can或could，表示惊异、怀疑、困惑、失望等感彩。答案为A。
2、对过去事实的推测
对过去已发生事情的肯定推测常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”，“must+ have + v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、一定是”，语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句，“may/might+ have + v-ed” 意思为“也许、或许”表示推测的把握不大，只能用于肯定或否定句，不用于疑问句；对过去的否定推测常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”，意思为“不可能/可能没做过……”；对过去的疑问推测只用“can/could + have + v-ed”，意思为“可能已经……”。
例16：He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
分析：根据后一分句判断，前一分句应该表示肯定完成了工作，故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思为“想必、准是、一定是”，语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句。答案为B。
例17：My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
　A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
分析：must表推测时，不用于否定，needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本来没有必要”，shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本来不应该”，“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思为“不可能做过……”。故答案为A。
例18：--Do you know where David is I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.
　　A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t分析：can’t have gone far 在此表示现在对过去所发生事情的否定推测，意思为“现在不可能走远了”；答案为C。
（三）、考查情态动词的虚拟用法
例19：—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
　　--You________ her last week.
　　A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
分析：对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用“情态动词+have + v-ed”，据此可排除答案A、C，而would+have +v-ed常用于过去的虚拟语气中，should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做，含有责备的含义。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。故答案为D。
例20：He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
　　A. could B. would C. must D. need分析：“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味，侧重有能力而没能做成。该句意思为：“他花钱买了座位，而他本来可以免费进去的”。答案为A。
例21：You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
　　A. must B. may C. will D. might
　　分析：前一分句的should not have swum表示责备，后一分句则表明有被鱼吃掉的可能性。“might+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中，表示本来有可能做成某事但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味，侧重有某种可能性但没能做成。
例22：—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
　　—Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
　　A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
　　分析：“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事，无批评责备之意，只是惋惜而已。如You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。答案为B。
（四）备考建议
1、掌握情态动词的基本词义及其用法是把握情态动词的关键，同时要认真比较每个情态动词的用法，注意其细微差别，如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差异；熟悉每个情态动词的适用场合，根据语境及说话人的语气选择恰当的情态动词，如用于推测时，must只用于肯定句中，can一般不能用于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑问句中；牢记情态动词表示推测的用法，尤其是对过去发生情况的推测；积累虚拟语气的用法，尤其是一些句势和特殊情况。
2、随着高考命题改革的深入，命题的角度和思路都在翻新，但不管怎样变化，还是脱离不了词的基本词义、词与词在使用上的细微差别和基本的语法框架。通过对近几年高考情态动词考点的分析、探究，可以看出高考对情态动词的考查非常稳定，即情态动词的基本用法和推测用法。高考考点的 “稳定性”告诉我们：高考英语命题是有规律的，不仅有规律，而且有很强的规律性。在复习迎考过程中，不仅要认真准备书本上成百上千的知识点(这是基础)，但更重要的还要去研究历届高考试题中的重要考点(这是捷径)，提高复习效率。
七、高考常考点
情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，下面是近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。
（一）情态动词表推测
1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。
①Helen _______ go on the trip with us but she isn't quite sure yet.
　　A. shall B. must C. may D. can
②—I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.
　　—It ___ Harry's. He always wears green.
　　A. has to be B. will be C. mustn't be D. could be
③I have lost one of my gloves. I _______ it somewhere.
A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
④If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. （2005年湖北卷）A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
　　2. 否定推测分为两种情况：
1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。
You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
2）否定语气较强时，则用can't，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感彩。
　　①—Do you know where David is I couldn't find him anywhere.
　　—Well. He ______ have gone far——his coat's still here.
　　A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't
　　②— Isn't that Ann's husband over there
　　— No, it _______ be him I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.
　　A. can't B. must not C. won't D. may not
　　3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。
Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？
　A. can B. should C. may D. must
4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。
　　①I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
②He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't
　　③—Tom is never late for work. Why is be absent today
　　—Something ________ to him.
　A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened
④ My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_____ have attended your lecture.
　A. couldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
（二）“情态动词+完成式”
1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
　　①—I'll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
　　— You________ her last week.
　　A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
②Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach, I _____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn't eat B. mustn't have eaten C. shouldn't have eaten D. mustn't eat
2. “could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。
　　He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
　　A. could B. would C. must D. need
3. “needn't+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：
　You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。
　　— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
　　— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
　　A. needn't do B. needn't have done C. mustn't do D. shouldn't have done
（三）常见的情态动词的其他用法
　1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
①“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
　　②—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
　　— You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it.
　　A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't
　　③ — The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it
— Of course.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustn't表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。
　　①John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？
　　A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need
　　②Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！
　　A. wouldn't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
3. needn't表示“没有必要”。
　　— Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary.
　　— She ______. I've already borrowed one.
　　A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
　When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
　　A. would B. should C. had better D. might
5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。
　　The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
　　A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况
　　①—Write to me when you get home.
— _______.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
　　② — Could I call you by your first name？
—Yes, you ______.
A. will B. could C. may D. might
八、练习
1.If you __ go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. can B. may C. must D. will
2.—Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ________always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
3.—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him
—Don’t worry. He_____come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
4.The postman _______ be at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t
5.The police still have not found the lost child, but they’re doing what they______.
A.can B.may C.must D.should
6.If you______smoke, please go outside.A. can B. should C. must D. may
7.—Will you read me a story ,Mummy
--OK. You________ have one, if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. shall
8.I__________ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
9.-----No noe ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
------Oh, you are really his big fan. A .can B. need C. must D.might
10.------Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now
-----I am afraid you _____, in case he comes late for the meeting .
A.will B.must C.may D.can
11.---I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
---How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
12.They _____have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A. will B. can C. must D. should
13.－How's your new babysitter
－We____ ask for a better one ,All our kids love her so much.
A. should B. might C. mustn't D. couldn't
14.——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night
—— I want to, but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
15.——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution。
——I______it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended
16.Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they____
just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would
17.One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can
18.But for the help of my English teacher, I _____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
19.— It’s the office! So you_______ know eating is not allowed here.
— Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need
20.What do you mean, there are only ten tickets There ______ be twelve
A. should B. would C. will D. shall
21.It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.
A. may B. can C. must D. should
22.—I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you _______ A. could B. would C. should D. might
23. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might
24.—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is
—She_____in the classroom.I saw her there just now.
A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been
25.I can’t leave. She told me that I _____ stay here until she comes back.
A. can B. must C. will D. may
26.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently.
A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
27Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man
A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been
28.You ________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to
29.I have told you the truth. ___ I keep repeating it
A Must B Can C May D Will
30.I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
31 .Mark________ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
32.—_____I take the book out
—I'm afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need
33..Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon .
A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether
34.—I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may
35.--May I take this book out of the reading room
--No, you ______. You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
36.I’m afraid Mr. Harding ______ see you now. He’s busy.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D .needn’t
37.Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.
A．can B．will C．must D．may
38.---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
--Ah, good morning. You_______ be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can
39. “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”
A. need B. can C. must D. would
40 .When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches
A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t
41 .John promised his doctor he _____not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.
A. might B. should C. could D. would
42 .It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ________be rather cold sometimes.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
43 .You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book. You____ find the book by the title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would
44. —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
45 .What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
46 .Peter _____be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general．
A．shall B．should C．can D．must
47 .Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
48 .Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we __ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
49 .--What sort of house do you want to have Something big
--Well, it ____ be big--that’s not important.A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
50 .According to the air traffic rules, you ______________switch off your mobile phone before boarding．A．may B．can C．would D．should
51 . Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must B. may C. shall D. should
52 .She ______have left school, for her bike is still here．
A．can’t B．wouldn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t
53 .You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
54 .—I can’t find my purse anywhere．
—You _________have lost it while shopping．A．may B．can C．should D．would
55 .We had to make the corrections by hand as the computer _______ do them for us.
A. mightn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. wouldn’t
1-10 CADBA CDAAB 11-20 BDDCD BBBAA 21-30 CCBCB CDDAA 31-40 ABABD
ACBCC 41-50 DBCBD CDBDD 51-55 BABAD
高考英语情态动词考点
一、弄清三组情态动词的用法区别
温馨提示：以下所讲的几组情态动词的用法区别，是学好情态动词的最基础的知识，学好它，不仅有助于你做好情态动词单项填空题，而且还有助于培养你的英语语感和提高写作的准确性。www.
1. must 与 have to 的区别
(1) 强调重点不同：两者都表示“必须”，但 must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have to 则重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。
(2) 时态形式不同：一般说来，must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去)，而 have to 则有多种时态形式。
(3) have to 可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式，而 must 则没有这些形式。如：
I regret to have to trouble you again. 我很抱歉不得不再麻烦你一次。
I only saw her in the evening, having to be away all day. 我因整天得外出，所以只能晚上见到她。
(4) 否定式的含义不同：must 的否定式 mustn’t 意为“不准”“不允许”；而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 意为“不必”(= needn’t)。
2. can 与 be able to 的区别
(1) be able to 可用将来时态表示某人将来才具备的能力，而 can 不能用于将来时态。但若表示现在决定将来是否有能力做某事，可用 can。如：
I can finish the article tomorrow. 我可以在明天写完这篇文章。
(2) be able to 的过去式可表示某人过去某种具体的能力(即在某一具体场合做某事的能力，往往暗示经过努力才具备的能力)，但此时不能用 could)。如：
He worked very hard and was able to pass his examinations. 他学习很努力，所以考试及了格。
注：在否定句中 was (were) able to可用 couldn’t代替。如：
He worked very hard but wasn’t able to [couldn’t] pass his examinations. 他学习很努力，但考试却未能及格。www.
(3) be able to 不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用)，而且还可以与某些情态动词连用 (通常不与 can 连用)，甚至还可以有非谓语形式。如：
He has not been able to go to school for a week. 他已有一周不能上学了。
You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。
I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了这项工作。
I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。
3. can’t 与 may not 的用法区别
(1) can’t 有两个意思：它若表示能力，can’t 意为“不能”；它若表示推测，can’t 表示“不可能”。如：
I can’t finish it in time. 我不能按时完成。
He can’t be so rich. 他不可能那么富有。
(2) may not 也有两个意思：它若表示许可，may not 表示“不许可”“不可以”；它若表示推测，may not 表示“可能不”。如：
Visitors may not feed the animals. 参观者不得给动物喂食。
He may not be able to help but there’s no harm in asking him. 他可能帮不了忙，但是求他一下倒也无妨。
二、掌握情态动词的推测用法
温馨提醒：情态动词的推测用法是高考英语情态动词中最重要的考点，根据近年来各省市的考试情况来看，约有70%的情态动词考题涉及此考点。
1. can / could用于表推测的用法
(1) 从使用句型上看，can 通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could 比 can 更委婉，更不确定。如：
It can’t [couldn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。
What can [could] they be doing 他们会在干什么呢
We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。www.
注：can 有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。如：
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。
(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be doing 结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：www.
He could have gone home. 他可能已经回家了。He can’t [couldn’t] have understood. 他不可能理解了。
Why does he know this Can [Could] someone have told him about it 他怎么知道 会是哪个人告诉他了吗
(3) “could+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
① 表示过去没有实现的可能性，常译为“本来可以”。如：
I could have lent you the money．Why didn’t you ask me 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出
② 用来委婉地责备某人过去应该做某事而没有去做，常译为“本来应该”。如：
You could have helped him. 你本来应该帮助他的。
③ 表示“差点儿就要”。如： I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。
2. may / might用于表推测的用法
表示推测，两者都可用，只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。
(1) 在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他句式（如用could等）。如：
He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。
He may [might] not believe you. 他可能不会相信你。
And who may [might] she be 那么她会是哪一位呢？
(2) 从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接 be doing 结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。如：www.
He may [might] tell his wife. 他也许会告诉他妻子。
He may [might] be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。
She may [might] have read it in the papers. 她可能在报上已读到过此事。
www.
(3)“might+完成式”除表示对过去的推测外，还有以下重要用法：
① 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生。如：
It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了，我差点没命了。
A lot of men died who might have been saved．很多人本来可以获救的却死了。
② 表示委婉的批评或责备。如：
You might have made greater progress. 你的进步本来可更大一些的。
You might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信嘛。
3. must表示推测的用法
must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。如：
I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了。
No, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒谎。
He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定误会了我的意思。
4. should have done 的用法
should have done只用于谈论过去情况，主要有两个用法：一是用于推测过去已经发生的情况，二是用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：
You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我。
He should have arrived by now. 此时他本该到了。
Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么时候了! 十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。
5. need have done 的用法
need have done结构主要用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。用于否定句时，表示本来不必做某事，但实际上却做了；用于疑问句时，用于询问某一过去动作的必要性。如：
You needn’t have hurried. 你当时实在不必那么匆忙。
She needn’t have come in person — a letter would have been enough. 她本不必亲自来——写封信来就足够了。www.
Need you have paid so much 你当时真须要付那么多钱吗
Need they have sold the farm 他们那时非得把农场卖掉不可吗
三、掌握情态动词的做题技巧
温馨提示：以下为你介绍三条做情态动词题的技巧，你若能认真领会，真正掌握，那么你就不会在情态动词方面丢分了。
1. 充分利用句子语境。综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。如：
(1) Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. canwww.
分析：答案选C。由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
(2) —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ______ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
分析：答案选D。后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
(3) —Do you know where David is I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He _____have gone far—his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t。
(4) He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析：答案选A。could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。
(5) —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—She ______. I’ve already borrowed one.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
分析：答案选C。既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
2. 根据时间确定时态。即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式。
3. (1) —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You _____it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析：答案选B。句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。
(2) This cake is very sweet. You ______ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
分析：答案选D。前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
(3) —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— Oh, dear! She ______ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
分析：答案选D。由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
3.注意分清适用句型。即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。如：www.
The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析：答案选 D。在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
英语中有不少情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html" \t "_blank )都可以表示推测，其语气有强有弱，表示的可能性有大有小，现将它们的用法归纳如下：
1. 接近100%的可能
这当然只有must才具有这么高的可能性，它的意思是“一定”“肯定”，所作出的推测几乎接近事实。如：
That hat must be Tom’s. 那帽子一定是汤姆的。
He must be coming by bus. 他一定是乘公共汽车来。
2. 很有可能
表示可能性较大的情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html" \t "_blank )主要有may, should, ought to，它们大致相当于汉语的“可能”“应该”“按理会”。如：
She should [ought to] be here soon. 她应该很快就到。
We may be buying a new house. 我们可能要买一座新房子。
3. 一般性的可能
在所有表示推测的情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html" \t "_blank )中，might和could所表示的可能性最小，由于它们的语气较委婉，较不确定，所以往往相当于汉语的“可能”“也许”“说不定”等。如：
He might be waiting for you. 他可能在等你。
She might not like the idea. 她或许会不赞成这个想法。
We could all be millionaires one day. 我们有一天可能都成为百万富翁。
4. 理论上的可能性
表示理论上的可能通常是用can，且可以用于肯定句中。如：
Food poisoning can cause death. 食物中毒可导致死亡。
This kind of thing can happen every now and then. 这种事情是随时可能发生的。
New England can be very hot in September. 新英格兰有时9月份很热。
所谓理论上的可能性，就是指仅从理论上去考虑其可能性，至于实际情况如何，则不作考虑，比如说“食物中毒可导致死亡”，这只是理论上的一种推断，至于某人某次食物中毒了，他是否会死亡，则不在考虑之列，所以说，这种推测是非常“宏观”的！
5. 表示对过去情况作推测
如果表示对已经发生的情况作推测，不能用“情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html" \t "_blank )+动词原形 ( http: / / www. / Article / textbook / Index.html" \t "_blank )”，也不能用“情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html" \t "_blank )的过去式+动词原形 ( http: / / www. / Article / textbook / Index.html" \t "_blank )”，而是要使用“情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html" \t "_blank )+动词完成式”。如：
He could have gone off with some friends. 他可能跟几个朋友出去了。
Mathews may have written that letter. 这封信可能是麦修斯写的。
I must have mistaken what you meant. 我一定误会了你的意思。
表推测的情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html )考点专练

1. We ________ a worse day for the picnic — it rained nonstop.
A. couldn’t pick B. couldn’t have picked
C. might not pick D. might not have picked
2. If you’re not careful, you ________ get into even worse trouble.
A. need B. can C. could D. must
3. Don’t worry—they ________ to phone.
A. can just forget B. could just forget
C. can have just forgotten D. could have just forgotten
4. Somebody ________ the cage—the lion ________ on its own.
A. must open, couldn’t escape B. must open, couldn’t have escaped
C. must have opened, couldn’t escape D. must have opened, couldn’t have escaped
5. That car nearly hit me; I ________.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may have been killed
6. “________ I sign this ” “No, there’s no need.”
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Might
7. Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ________ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied
C. could copy D. should have copied
8. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ________ be rather cold sometimes.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
9. Liza ________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
10. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ________ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed
C. could manage D. can have managed
11. Although this ________ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must B. may C. shall D. should
12. You ________ be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

【答案与解析 ( http: / / www. / Article / 200806 / 1745.html )】
1. B。根据句中的it rained nonstop可知，说话人是对过去的情况进行评说，所以要用“情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html )+完成式”的结构；再根据句意，此处应用couldn’t，而不是用might not。
2. C。could在此表推测，意为“可能”。虽然can和should也可表推测，但前者主要用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句；而后者由于语气太强(过于肯定)，在此与语境不符。
3. D。could在此表推测，意为“可能”。虽然can也可表示推测，但由于它通常不用于肯定句，所以被排除。注意，此处要选D而不选B，因为它是表示对过去情况的推测，即“过去”他们忘记打电话，所以导致大家现在很着急。
4. D。第一空填must have opened，表示对过去情况有把握的肯定推测，其意指一定发生了某情况；第二空填couldn’t have escaped，表示对过去情况的否定推测，其意指不可能发生了某情况。全句意为：一定是有人打开了笼子——因为狮子是不可能自己跑出来的。
5. B。根据前面一句的过去时谓语可知，此处谈的是过去情况，所以选might have been killed，表示过去可能发生而实际上没有发生的情况，注意此时不能用may接完成式来表示，所以不能选D。
6. C。根据答语No, there’s no need可知，空格处应填must，意思才通顺。
7. B。根据句意可知，两者的答案完全一样，说明肯定有一个人抄袭了另一个人的；另外，从时间上看，肯定是先有抄袭的行为，后才有答案一样的结果，所以此处用“must+完成式”的结构。
8. B。can表示推测时通常只用于否定句或疑问句，很少用于肯定句。但有两种情况是例外（即可用于肯定句）：一是表示纯理论上的可能性，二是表示“有时”。如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。
9. D。may和might后可接副词well加强语气，意为“很可能”。如：It may well be true. 那很可能是真的。 He may [might] well find that the course is too difficult. 他很可能觉得这门课太难。
10. B。由于是谈论上周的情况，所以空格处应用“情态动词 ( http: / / www. / Article / gaichuo / Index.html )+完成式”，故可排除A和C；又因为can表推测时通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，故可排除D。注意：can表推测时不用于肯定句，但could可以。又如：I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出呢
11. B。may在此表推测，意为“可能”，又如：It may sound strange, but it’s true. 这件事可能听起来很怪，但它是真的。
12. B。做此题关键是要注意破折号后面的语境。you had lunch only two hours ago的意思是“你两个小时前才吃过中饭”，据此可知，你现在“不可能”就饿了，故用can’t。
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