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Unit 2 知识点
1.on weekends =at weekends
On weekends 指在周六和周日，at weekends 泛指每个周末
At/on the weekends 在这个周末 on weekdays 在工作日
2.help with housework housework为不可数名词，前跟little/much/a lot of
help sb to do sth. can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事=can’t stop doing sth
help sb with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
3.Exercise “锻炼”不可数名词 ，“练习”可数名词 do eye exercises做眼保健操Do morning exercises 做早操
4.. sometimes 有时候 = at times
sometimes 频度副词 意为“有时；间或”，相当于at times。可位于句首、句中和句末，对其提问要用how often。
some times 名词短语 意为“几次；几倍”，其中time为可数名词，意为“次；回”。对其提问要用how many times。
sometime 副词 意为“某时” 多用于将来时，表示将来的某个时间点。
some time 名词短语 意为“一段时间” ，表示动作或状态持续了多长时间。
Eg: Sometimes I get up early. Eg: I read this book some times.
Eg: I will go to Shanghai sometime. Eg: I will stay here for some time.
5.how often意为“多久一次”，用来询问动作或行为发生的频率，
常用于对表示频率的词或短语(often, usually, sometimes, never, twice a week等)进行提问 eg: How often do you go to the movies 你多久看一次电影？-- I never go to the movies. 我从不看电影。
once a week是表示频率的短语，常用来回答how often的提问。其中once作副词，意为“一次”。twice a week 一周两次 twice adv. 两次；两倍twice a month/year意为“一月/年两次”，表示频率。Eg: I play chess at least twice a week.
Please think twice before you hand in your paper.
次数表达法:表示次数应注意，time后面加-s；一次两次很特殊，once，twice要牢记。
How often多久一次 频率 How often do you go to the library Three times a week.
How long 多长时间 For+一段时间 How long did you go to the lake For three hours.
How soon 多久 In+一段时间 How soon will we arrive in Shanghai In two hours.
How many times 多少次 次数 How many times do you go to the library Three times
How much 询问价格，意为多少 数字 How much is the bag Two yuan
How far 询问距离“多远” 距离 How is the school away from the bank a two-minute ride.
6. use the Internet 上网 Internet相当于the Net，其前常用定冠词the修饰。
常用短语：surf the Internet网上冲浪；on the Internet在网上。You can buy our goods on the Internet.
7.full adj. 忙的；满的；充满的；饱的
(1) full作形容词，在此意为“忙的”，相当于busy，其反义词是free“空闲的”His life is too full to find time for hobbies.
(2)full作形容词，还可意为“满的；充满的”，反义词是empty“空的”。be full of 与be filled with同义，意为“充满”。The bottle is full of water. = The bottle is filled with water.
(3) full作形容词，还可意为“饱的”，反义词是hungry“饿的”。
Would you like another bowl of rice
Thank you. But I am full.
8.How come 为什么呢？ 口语中的一个习语， “为什么”、“怎么会”，既可独立使用，也可在其后接句子，用来询问事情的缘由或状况。I didn’t even eat lunch today.--我今天甚至没有吃中饭。--Really
How come How come the sky is so blue today 今天天怎么会这么蓝？
9.have lessons 上课，have a/an ...lesson 上。。。。课。 teach sb a lesson 给某人一个教训the accident taught me a lesson I’ll never forget. 那次事故给我的教训我永远不会忘。
10.Have to 不得不；必须 后跟动词原形，含有have to 的句子变否定或者疑问句需借助助动词的适当形式。
时态 肯定式 否定式 疑问式
一般现在时 Have/has to don’t/doesn’t have to Do/does... have to
一般过去时 Had to didn’t have to Did...have to
Have to 与must
Have to 指客观需要，含有不得不和被迫的含义，有人称，数和时态的变化。
must指主观上自己认为有义务，有必要 没有人称和数的变化。
I have to do my homework now.
11.sure adv. =of course=certainly
还可以做adj. 确保 搭配：be sure of sth, be sure to do sth. Be sure that 从句
Make sure of sth , make sure about sth.,make sure that...
You may be sure of his honesty.= You may be sure that he is honesty.
He is sure to succeed.
12.maybe adv. “也许，可能”，在句中作状语，相当于perhaps，常位于句首。
May be情态动词，be 是动词原形，两者在一起构成完整的谓语，意思为“也许是，可能是”。
Maybe he is in the office= he may be in the office.
13.He stayed up late last night. Stay up 熬夜
14.At least 至少，起码。 反义词 at most。
Least adv. 最小，最少。adj. 和pron. 最小的，最少的
15. But my mother wants me to drink it.
want sth. 想要某物
want to do sth. 想要做某事
want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不）做某事
The boy wanted noting but freedom.
Do you want to go to the movies with me
The teacher doesn’t want us to eat hamburgers.
16.be good for 对……有益处，be good for 为固定短语，后接名词、代词或动词-ing，其反义短语为be bad for“对……有害”。
be good at 擅长…… 后跟名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语，同义短语为do well in“在……方面做得好”。
be good to 对……友好 相当于be friendly to, 后面一般接人。
be good with 善于应付……的；对……有办法 后接sb.或sth.。
17.health n. 健康；人的身体（或精神）状态，health作不可数名词，常用短语：
Be/stay in good/poor health身体好/差
healthy adj. 健康的 unhealthy adj. 不健康的 healthily adv. 健康地
keep healthy 保持健康=keep fit
ask (sb.) about sth.询问某人关于某事
Ask sb. (for) sth. 请求某人给予某物
Ask sb. sth. 问某人某事
Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 让某人（不要）做某事
18.here,there,out,up, down等副词开头的句子常用倒装结构。当主语为名词时，用全部倒装。句子结构为副词 谓语动词 主语（名词）
特别提醒here/ there位于句首时，若句子主语为人称代词则不用倒装。
Here is my book. Here comes the bus. Here he comes.
19. Result其他常用短语 as a result结果因此=what'smore
as a result of由于 without result 徒劳的，毫无结果的
He didn't practice. And as a result, he lost.
20. Percent名词，百分之。通常用单数形式，非正式英语中可指百分率，常用符号%表示。 Percent与数词连用数词放在percent之前。 基数词+percent+of+the+名词作主语时of后面的名词，如果为不可数名词或单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，若为可数名词复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。
60 percent of the children play computer games.
20 percent of the water is covered with ice.
21. not.... at all与not at all
Not....at all 一点也不, 表示强烈的否定，常位于be动词助动词或情态动词之后 at all常位于句末。
Not at all不用谢，相当于you are welcome，用来回答道歉或表示感谢的话。
-Thank you! -Not at all.
He doesn't know the news at all.
22. Surprised形容词，惊奇的，惊讶的，通常修饰人表示人的主观感受。
surprising, 令人吃惊的通常修饰物，说明事物本身的性质特征。
surprise 名词:惊奇，诧异的意思，动词:使惊奇。常用词组:in surprise，惊奇的常用于动词之后作状语。To one's surprise, 使某人吃惊的是，出乎意料的，常位于句首作状语表示行为的结果。
I was surprised when I heard the news. Your success is surprising.
We were surprised at his arrival.
He looked at me in surprise.
To my surprise, the boy won the prize.
23. The answer to to表示两人或两事物之间的关系属于归于。 The answer
to the question is right.类似的短语还有 the key to the door,
门上的钥匙，the bridge to the knowledge知识的桥梁，the way to the school去学校的路。
24. Although连词，虽然，尽管，即使 although做连词相当于though，引导让步状语从句。特别提醒:在英语中表示虽然，但是用although或者though，不能和but同时使用。
Although he was tired, he didn't stop to have a rest.
25. It's+形容词+for sb to do sth做某事对某人来说是...
It's+表示人的品质的形容词+of sb to do sth某人做某事是...此时的形容词是修饰某人的。
It's necessary for us to learn English well.
It's nice of you to help others
26. By doing something，通过做某事，by是介词译为通过，表示方法，其后接名词代词或动名词。 By的其他用法:
by加交通工具，by后边不加冠词
by加时间 意为到什么时为止，在什么什么之前，by now到目前为止，
by指靠近，在旁边 by the lake在湖边，
by指由。。。所做，it was made by me由我所做。
27.Through表通过，指通过某人，物，或方式时，其后接表示人，物，方式的名词或名词短语。Through作为介词，意为以，凭借，穿过的意思。
Through，across与over
through指从空间的一头穿到另一头，与in有关
across指从一条线或物体表面的一边，横道另一边，含义与on有关。
Over指从某物的上方越过。
I walk through the forest.
I go across the road.
The bridge is over the river.
28.Mind名词 头脑，心智，mind的常用搭配，change one’s mind改变某人的主意，make up one's mind下决心。In one's mind在某人看来，have/keep。。。 in mind 记住。 Mind作动词，介意，mind doing something介意做某事。 Would you mind opening the door
29. Such as例如常用在被列举的人或物的名词前及后，一般不用逗号后接名词，代词或动名词相当于口语中的like。 For example，通常后接逗号。
Boys such as John and James are very friendly.
For example, John and James are very friendly.
30.Spend动词 度过，花费时间或金钱
spend主语为人，常用结构为spend.... in doing something，spend....on something,
take意为花费，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，常用句型为it takes / took somebody some time to do something.
Pay支付之意，主语是人，常用的结构为pay for something。
cost花费，主语为物
I spend 200 yuan on a new coat.
The dictionary cost me 89 yuan.
It takes me at least 30 minutes to exercise every day.
I paid 50 yuan for the pen.
Together, 父子在一起共同，together with表示和。。。一起，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前一个主语保持一致。
Tom together with his parents goes to the beach for vacation every year.
32.die动词消灭灭亡死亡，die是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用
dead 形容词，死的，过去式died， dying 形容词，临终的，临死的 death名词，死亡，die from通常指由于外部原因事故的造成了死亡，die of通常指由于人体自身原因疾病或衰老等造成的死亡。 Die of sorrow死于悲伤，die from an accident, 死于一起事故。
33. 16-year- old 表示:16岁的，基数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词相当于形容词，其中名词不用复数，常用在名词前作定语。
A two-meter-wide bridge 一座两米宽的桥，a 7- day -long vacation 一个7天长的假期。
Lily is a 10 -year -old girl=Lily is 10 years old。
34. However副词,然而,不过。however副词可置于句首句中或句末，且常用逗号与其他的成分隔开，but连词表转折直接连接两个意思，相反或不同的单词短语或句子。
My brother can speak French but I can't. It's really raining hard, however, I still want to go there.
However相当于no matter how无论如何不管怎样。
35.More than相当于over，多于，超过的意思反义词为less than少于。
The population of An’hui is more than 3 million.
Afraid形容词，害怕的，担心的，
be afraid to do something，害怕去做某事，
be afraid of doing something，害怕发生某事，
be afraid of somebody or something, 害怕某人或某物，
be afraid that害怕...
Tom is afraid to walk alone at night Tom害怕自己一个人在夜里走路，The thief was afraid of being caught by the police 窃贼怕被警察抓住，Jane is afraid of dogs. 简害怕狗，we are afraid that we will be late，我们恐怕要迟到了。
37. Almost副词Almost副词，几乎，差不多，almost是常用的程度副词同义词是nearly，almost常常位于行为动词之前，系动词情态动词和be动词之后，特别提醒:almost不能与not连用，但可以no，nobody， nothing ，never等否定词连用，Almost nobody believed her，几乎没有人相信他。
38. Point名词，得分点。动词指，指向
point作为动词常用短语:point to指远处，point at指近处，point out指出。

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