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四川省绵阳南山重点中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读理解
Arbeia Roman Fort (城堡) and Museum
Location and History
Arbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian's Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian's Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.
The Reconstructions
The reconstructions of the Commanding Officer's house and soldiers' quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer's house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.
The Museum
Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones (墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a "hands-on" area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.
Opening Times and Getting There
April 1-October 31:
Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm.
November 1-March 31:
Monday to Saturday 11:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday.
(Closed December 25-26 and January 1)
Entry is free.
Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.
Website:
www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia
1．According to the passage, what can we know about Arbeia Roman Fort
A．Arbeia Roman Fort was built in a small area in Rome.
B．Arbeia Roman Fort got reconstructions around AD 160.
C．Arbeia Roman Fort was related to the war.
D．Arbeia Roman Fort provided a comfortable life for soldiers.
2．What can visitors do in the museum
A．Build tombstones for the dead. B．See historical objects.
C．Write to ancient Romans. D．Try using old tools and weapons.
3．When does Arbeia Roman Fort close
A．On April 1. B．On October 31.
C．On November 1. D．On December 26.
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读理解
The first time I used the TV to distract my daughter, I felt like a bad parent; I convinced myself I was a "bad" mom—these days I believe the opposite to be true. Screen time makes me a better mom.
Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That's ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的) parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.
Like most 6-year-olds, my daughter gets worked up and excited easily and watching a cartoon gives her a chance to shut off her mind. And there are other reasons—more selfish reasons. I am a work-from-work mom, and giving her screen time gives me "me" time. I'm able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.
There are other benefits, too. TV has also taught my daughter. Thanks to "super Why", she knew her alphabet at 2, and thanks to "Sesame Street", she was able to count to 20 by age 3. And I use the screen as a great incentive. My daughter earns "tablet time" when she completes tasks, e. g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.
Of course, I have a few rules. During meals, the TV is off; all programs must be supervised; on weekdays, she is limited to two hours maximum. So remember: It doesn't matter what our kids watch; it matters what they do, what they say, what they feel and how they act, and only you know what is best for them.
4．What can be learned about the author's opinion about screen time
A．It differs from a popular belief.
B．It is welcome by most crappy parents.
C．It fails to take kids into consideration.
D．It is the same with experts.
5．How can screen time be good for kids whose mothers work at home
A．It gives them topics to discuss with friends.
B．It enables them to keep their spirits up.
C．It helps them become independent.
D．It gives them some continuous time.
6．What does the underlined word "incentive" in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Relaxation B．Motivator C．Idea producer D．Learning tool
7．Which of the following might the author agree with
A．Nothing can be accomplished without rules.
B．A man is good-for-nothing (无用之人) until he is educated.
C．Science and technology are primary productive forces.
D．Each coin has two sides.
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读理解
Green skin is common in science fiction, but what if green skin were not just for aliens If humans had green skin, what if it permitted us the ability to perform photosynthesis (光合作用), which plants use to live off of (依靠)sunlight
Let's analyze what science says about it and ask award-winning science-fiction author John Scalzi what he thinks.
Plants can live off of photosynthesis because they grow broad, flat leaves to harvest as much light as possible. They also need less energy because they are far less active than animals.
According to Lindsay Turnbull, a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf, the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin—about a tennis court's worth, Turnbull estimated.
In addition, photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide. Plants have pores (毛孔)that they use to supply the gas to their cells. If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts (叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things take in or leak out—for instance, moisture (水分)—in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.
One might wonder if photosynthetic people might prefer moving to sunny climates. Although such people might receive a small increase from photosynthesis if they moved to a desert area, they would likely base other resource issues to deal with, such as a lack of water, Scalzi said. "There's always going to be trade-offs (平衡)," he noted.
And would photosynthetic humans prefer hole or no clothing to absorb all those rays In some photosynthetic societies, clothing might become a symbol of the elite—a sign they get enough energy from food and do not need photosynthesis. You can imagine them saying. "I'm rich, so I can cover up." Scalzi said.
So would Scalzi want photosynthetic skin for himself "Probably not." he said. "I don't see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I'd look to benefit from it."
8．Why can't humans live off of photosynthesis according to Lindsay Turnbull
A．Because our skin area is small. B．Because we wear clothes.
C．Because we don't have green skin. D．Because we are not active.
9．If photosynthetic humans had pores, what would be the disadvantage
A．They would absorb too much CO2.
B．They would be too small for human beings.
C．They would release some useful substances.
D．They would keep gases from entering the human body.
10．What might be the reason why Scalzi says no to photosynthetic skin for himself
A．He believed there were not enough benefits.
B．He wouldn't like to move to sunny climates.
C．He was too conservative (保守的) to accept that.
D．He thought clothing was simply a symbol of upper class.
11．How does the author support the theme of the text
A．By following the time order. B．By describing a process.
C．By making classifications. D．By providing research results.
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读理解
While the arts can't stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.
We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(分歧的消除). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.
Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller's Ode to joy (欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.
Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness(一致) of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today's competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future.
12．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses
A．It brings people sadness.
B．It reduces the possibility of crises.
C．It contributes to problem-solving.
D．It worsens understanding of challenges.
13．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9
A．It aims to show crises and chaos.
B．It celebrates freedom and unity.
C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.
D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.
14．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces
A．Leaving things as they are. B．Engaging them in a conversation.
C．Separating them from each other. D．Making a choice between them.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How COVID-19 changes art B．How to appreciate arts in new ways
C．Essentials of Symphony No. 9 D．Moving artfully through crises
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两个为多余选项。
Shyness is normal and it is not considered as a mental problem. All people have been shy at one time or another. Even the most confident people experienced being shy.　16． 　
You probably are wondering why you are shy. It may be because of the environment you were used to or the way you were brought up. Certain events or incidents in the past may also lead to the reason why you are shy now.　17． 　Most shy people have shy parents and relatives and it is not surprising to find out that they too have become shy persons.
One of the negative sides of being shy is having the tendency to be passive. Most of the time shy people can't stand up for themselves and what they believe is right.　18． 　This apparently influences their social life as well as work, family and other aspects of their life.
While shyness has negative aspects, it has positive sides. Shy people are usually good observers and do not get themselves into too much trouble because they try to observe their environment or any situation before they act.　19． 　They can also make great friends. Since they have difficulties in social scenes, making friends seems to be a must. Therefore, they value their friends wholeheartedly and have proven to be loyal and thoughtful friends.
　20． 　Some of them born with shy parents have successfully battled against being shy. This contributes to their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem and trying to be exposed to new environments.
A. They are sensitive and accustomed to getting suspicious.
B. But in most cases, shyness proves to be genetic.
C. So if you're feeling shy, don't worry because you are not alone.
D. Because some people are born to be shy, they let it go hang.
E. Although shyness is something from birth, it can be improved over time.
F. They are not hot-headed and think twice before making any decisions.
G. They avoid crowds by nature and stay away from groups and social interactions.
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passion, like life, is about the journey, not the destination. Kimberly and I have been planning a trip to Europe for a year. This was a 21． of ours.
The most exciting part of the journey started with a train ride that had some 22． . We took a train from Zurich (苏黎世) to Croatia (克罗地亚), where no one 23． us, though. In addition, we had a tough time 24． a taxi around the station to make it to the ship. 25． , they waited for us there.
Once we got onto the ship we 26． it was not like a large hotel with great service. It was tight quarters. The 27． was very small. The shower was a spout (喷头) 28． to the bathroom sink (洗涤池). You turned it on and sprayed (喷洒) yourself, 29． the rest of the room.
The week-long ship ride was full of 30． . There were people from different 31． speaking different languages. We stopped on islands of all sizes for fun. Then there were high winds—so high that the buses couldn't run because they might 32． . So we took an expensive taxi, and headed back to 33． our flight home.
While we loved the more 34． parts of the trip, our real passion was in the unexpected—the missed rides, the 35． ship, the mixture of cultures, and even the 36． .
Sometimes people are so 37． that it scares them to do something different. Yet when they do 38． their comfort zone, the different experiences that they once thought were 39． are what stand out. Mixing things up, trying new things, seeing something through another person's eyes, being open to adventure—this is how you create 40． .
21．A．chance B．tip C．game D．goal
22．A．trouble B．anecdotes C．formulas D．flexibility
23．A．punished B．greeted C．scolded D．encouraged
24．A．arranging B．approaching C．finding D．offering
25．A．Luckily B．Interestingly
C．Rudely D．Disappointingly
26．A．promised B．explained C．remembered D．realized
27．A．hotel B．spout C．bathroom D．sink
28．A．pointing B．connected C．suited D．flowing
29．A．but for B．next
to C．apart from D．along with
30．A．complaints B．advantages C．adventures D．conflicts
31．A．guides B．countries C．careers D．aspects
32．A．break up B．float
up C．slow down D．blow over
33．A．make B．inform C．delay D．cancel
34．A．adventurous B．predictable C．beneficial D．challenging
35．A．modern B．large C．crowded D．empty
36．A．winds B．islands C．languages D．flights
37．A．afraid B．disappointed C．comfortable D．negative
38．A．get out of B．get close to
C．take control of D．come up with
39．A．meaningful B．frightening C．simple D．common
40．A．power B．possibility C．effect D．passion
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（仅限1词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个词）。
Saving Private Ryan is a film 　41． 　 was directed by Steven Spielberg. The main character is Captain John Miller, 　42． 　 (play) by Tom Hanks.
James Ryan is the fourth brother 　43． 　 (involve) in the Second World War. His three brothers have already been killed. Their heart-broken mother receives news about all her dead sons on the same day. The US army decides to send a group of men into French countryside to try to find the fourth brother. Captain Miller,　44． 　 hero and survivor of the Omaha Beach battle, 　45． 　 (choose) to lead the rescue team of eight men.
The film opens 　46． 　 a 30-minute sequence of the 　47． 　 (invade) of Normandy, probably the most violent images of war ever shown in a film. We see the full horror of war, and the chaos and 　48． 　 (sense) waste of life.
Saving Private Ryan is one of 　49． 　 (famous) anti-war films the audience have ever seen. Spielberg has made a lot of 　50． 　 (film), but he has never made one with such a strong message. And the message is simple—We want peace; we don't want war.
五、改错题（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）61
51．（2022高二下·绵阳期中）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉；
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Football starts in England 800 years ago. Players played the game with a round ball that players kicked but could not carry. There were 2 teams, all of which consisted of 200 players. However, in 1823, the student picked up the ball during a soccer game and ran with it. Teachers were shocking and angry. But the student's schoolmate enjoyed this new game, which they named it after the school. Eventual, the game of rugby played with an oval ball that could be both carried and thrown. Rugby was exported in the United States and changed a lot, became the sport that Americans now call football.
六、书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2022高二下·绵阳期中）上周末，你和班级同学去红星社区参加了一次捡垃圾志愿活动，受到了社区居民的欢迎。请你为学校英文报写一篇短文，介绍这次活动。
1）时间、地点；
2）劳动过程；
3）个人感受。
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）题目已为你写好。参考词汇：红星社区Hongxing Community
My
Weekend
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．B
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了旅游景点Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum的位置、历史、重建以及开放时间等信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据 Location and History 部分中的“Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian's Wall.”阿比亚罗马要塞建于公元160年左右，是驻扎在哈德良长城沿线的士兵的军事补给基地。可知，Arbeia Roman Fort与军事有关。故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据 The Museum 部分中的“Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time.”参观博物馆，看到许多在Arbeia发现的物品。它们在历史上很重要，展示了当时日常生活的真实情况。可知，游客在博物馆内可以看见历史物品。故选B。
3．考查细节理解。根据 Opening Times and Getting There 部分中的“Closed December 25-26 and January 1”12月25日至26日和1月1日关闭。可知，Arbeia Roman Fort在12月26日是关闭的。故选D。
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．B
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者合理让孩子看电视，对自己和孩子都带来了好处。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第二段“Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That's ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的)parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.” 现在我知道你们大多数人可能在想什么：这太荒谬了。只有糟糕的父母才会依赖屏幕来照顾他们的孩子。再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到；以及第一段中的“Screen time makes me a better mom.”屏幕时间让我成为一个更好的妈妈。可知，作者对屏幕时间的看法挑战了一个流行的观点。故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I'm able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.”我能在她看电视的时候写作。虽然这听起来很糟糕，但我相信我正在帮助我的女儿意识到她应该依靠自己。当妈妈工作的时候，她会得到她自己的零食，饮料和玩具。可知，妈妈在家工作的时候，自己看电视帮助孩子变得独立。故选C。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“My daughter earns ‘tablet time’ when she completes tasks, e.g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.”我女儿在完成任务时赚取“平板时间” ，例如，整理床铺挣15分钟，做作业挣30分钟。可知，女儿完成任务就会赚到看电视的时间，据此推测“And I use the screen as a great incentive.”我把屏幕作为一个很好的incentive。其中incentive应该是“奖励措施”，故选B。
7．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.”再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到。可知，作者认为关于孩子看电视这件事有弊也有利，凡事都有两面性。故选D。
【答案】8．A
9．C
10．A
11．D
【知识点】推理判断题；日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类能不能够依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin - about a tennis court's worth, Turnbull estimated.”Turnbull估计，要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求，她需要的皮肤要多得多——大约相当于网球场的价值。可知，Lindsay Turnbull指出，人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。故选A。
9．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things leak in or out-for instance, moisture(水分)-in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.”如果光合人类有叶绿体，他们可能需要多孔的皮肤来吸收二氧化碳，但是这些毛孔可能会使其他东西渗入或渗出，例如水分，这可能对人体有害。可知，如果光合作用的人类有毛孔，缺点是会释放有用的物质。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I don't see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I'd look to benefit from it.”我不认为它带来的好处如此之大，以至于我将完全改变我从中受益的方式。可知，Scalzi拒绝光合作用皮肤的原因是因为风险比益处大得多。故选A。
11．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“According to Lindsay Turnbull. a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf. the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin-about a tennis courts worth. Turnbull estimated.”根据Lindsay Turnbull的说法。 牛津大学的植物生态学家，如果女人的皮肤像叶子一样是光合作用的。 她的表面积仅能满足她每天生存所需能量的1％。 一个光合作用的女人要满足她的能量需求，她将需要更多的皮肤。并结合全文理解可知，本文通过分析一些研究结果来解答人类依靠皮肤光合作用的可行性。故选D。
【答案】12．C
13．B
14．B
15．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了在疫情影响下的世界背景中，艺术为人们提供了应对危机和冲突的创造性思路。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions.”伟大的艺术经常向我们展示矛盾和危机，我们可以从它们的解决中学到很多东西。可知，可以从艺术作品中学习如何解决矛盾和危机，因此，除了取悦感官的价值之外，理解艺术有助于解决现实中问题的解决。故选C。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller's Ode to joy.”交响乐的开场似乎不知道从哪里冒出来的，从开场近乎寂静，到用席勒的《欢乐颂》充分表达了许多人认为的自由的喜悦和普遍的兄弟情谊。可知，贝多芬的《第九交响曲》表达了自由和团结。故选B。
14．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces.”在两个对立的部分之间进行对话，你会发现它们总是从一开始就互相争斗，直到我们对它们之间的差异有了一个新的认识——两种对立的力量是统一的。可知，作者表达了“经过将对立部分对话就会发现，虽然这两个部分刚开始是互相争斗，但最终会发现它们的力量是统一的”观点，即，矛盾冲突是可以通过对话交流处理的。可推知，作者对于处理冲突各方的建议是让各方进行对话和交流。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“While the arts can't stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.”虽然艺术不能阻止新冠肺炎病毒或我们今天在世界上看到的社会动荡，但它们可以让我们洞察我们在危机和混乱中做出的选择。艺术邀请每个人以新的方式思考。揭示了文章的主旨大意，即，文章主要讲述了理解艺术对于应对现实危机与冲突的启示。“艺术地通过危机”贴合主题，可作最佳标题。故选D。
【答案】16．C；17．B；18．G；19．F；20．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了人们会害羞的原因、介绍了害羞的弊端和益处以及害羞是可以慢慢克服的这一事实。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“Shyness is normal and it is not considered as a mental problem. All people have been shy at one time or another. Even the most confident people experienced being shy. ”害羞是正常的，它不被认为是一种精神问题。所有的人都曾有过害羞的时候。即使是最自信的人也会感到害羞。讲到害羞是正常现象，所有人，包括最自信的人，都曾害羞过，C. So if you're feeling shy, don't worry because you are not alone.”所以，如果你感到害羞，不要担心，因为你不是一个人。是本段的结论，正因为人人都会害羞，所以不用担心，与上文构成因果关系。故选C。
17．根据空前“It may be because of the environment you were used to or the way you were brought up. Certain events or incidents in the past may also lead to the reason why you are shy now.”这可能是因为你所习惯的环境或者你被抚养长大的方式。过去的某些事情或事件也可能是导致你现在害羞的原因。介绍了感到害羞可能与成长环境和特定事件等外部因素有关；以及空后“Most shy people have shy parents and relatives and it is not surprising to find out that they too have become shy persons.”大多数害羞的人都有害羞的父母和亲戚，所以不难发现他们也成了害羞的人。介绍了害羞可能来自父母亲戚的遗传、基因，是内部因素，上下文之间有转折对比关系，B. But in most cases, shyness proves to be genetic.“但在大多数情况下，害羞是遗传的”起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
18．根据空后“This apparently influences their social life as well as work, family and other aspects of their life.”这显然影响了他们的社会生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面。由指示代词this可知，上文中应出现其指代内容，而且该内容会影响到人们的社会生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面，G . They avoid crowds by nature and stay away from groups and social interactions.“他们天生避开人群，远离群体和社会交往”所描述害羞的人会“避开人群，远离群体和社会交往”这一行为，会对人们的方方面面造成极大的影响，正是下文代词this指代的 对象，与下文构成逻辑上的顺承关系。故选G。
19．根据空前“While shyness has negative aspects, it has positive sides.”虽然害羞有消极的方面，但它也有积极的方面。可知，本段主要介绍“害羞”的积极意义，F. They are not hot-headed and think twice before making any decisions.“他们不会头脑发热，在做任何决定之前都会再三考虑”讲害羞的人做事情会深思熟虑，这是对中心句中“positive sides”的举例说明，同时，与其上文和下文构成并列关系，都是对中心句的举例说明。故选F。
20．根据空后“Some of them born with shy parents have successfully battled against being shy. This contributes to their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem and trying to be exposed to new environments.”一些人出生时父母就很害羞，但他们成功地战胜了害羞。这有助于他们不断自我完善，发展自尊，尝试接触新环境。可知，本段主要讲了害羞是可以战胜的，E. Although shyness is something from birth, it can be improved over time.“虽然害羞是与生俱来的，但它可以随着时间的推移而改善”介绍了害羞可以改善，作为段首中心句，是对全段内容的准确概括，且句中“it can be improved ”与下文“their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem”相照应。故选E。
【答案】21．D；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．B；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．D；33．A；34．B；35．C；36．A；37．C；38．A；39．B；40．D
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者的一次欧洲之旅，以及旅行途中遇到的各种冒险，呼吁人们走出舒适区，燃起对于生活的热情。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：这是我们的一个目标。A. chance“机会”；B. tip“建议”；C. game“游戏”；D. goal“目标”。根据上文“Kimberly and I have been planning a trip to Europe for a year.(一年来，金柏利和我一直计划去欧洲旅行。)”可知，作者和金柏利一直在计划旅行，因此这是他们要实现的一个目标。故选D项。
22．句意：旅程中最激动人心的部分始于一次不太顺利的火车旅行。A. trouble“麻烦”；B. anecdotes“奇闻轶事”；C. formulas“公式”；D. flexibility“灵活性”。根据下文“we had a tough time”我们有着艰难的时光。可知，作者的火车之旅遇到了一些麻烦。故选A。
23．句意：我们从苏黎世乘火车到克罗地亚，但是没有人迎接我们。A. punished“惩罚”；B. greeted“迎接”；C. scolded“责备”；D. encouraged“鼓励”。根据上文可知，作者去了陌生的地方旅行，所以没有人迎接他们。故选B。
24．句意：此外，我们很难在车站附近找到一辆出租车，以便到达船上。 A. arranging“安排”；B. approaching“临近”；C. finding“寻找，发现”；D. offering“提供”。根据空后“to make it to the ship”及时乘船。可知，作者和朋友下火车之后先要找出租车，再乘坐出租车去乘船。故选C。
25．句意：幸运地是，他们在那里等我们。A. Luckily“幸运地”；B. Interestingly“有趣地”；C. Rudely“粗鲁地”；D. Disappointingly“令人失望地”。根据空前“to make it to the ship”及时乘船。可知，作者赶上了轮船，所以他们是幸运的。故选A。
26．句意：我们上了船后，就意识到它不像一个服务很好的宾馆。A. promised“承诺”；B. explained“解释”；C. remembered“记住”；D. realized“意识到”。根据空后“it was not like a large hotel with great service.”它不像一个服务很好的宾馆。可知，作者在登船后意识到了船上的服务不好。故选D。
27．句意：浴室非常小。A. hotel“宾馆”；B. spout“喷头”；C. bathroom“浴室”；D. sink“水池”。根据下文的“shower”和“bathroom sink”可知，作者描述的是浴室。故选C。
28．句意：淋浴器是连接到浴室洗涤池的喷头。A. pointing“指向”；B. connected“连接”；C. suited“适合”；D. flowing“流动”。喷头和浴室洗涤池相连。故选B。
29．句意：你打开喷头往自己身上喷水，房间的其他地方也会被喷上水。A. but for“要不是”；B. next to“紧挨着”；C. apart from“除了”；D. along with“与……一起”。根据上文可知，宾馆条件不好，设施较差，因此推断打开喷头时，水会喷到浴室的其他地方。故选D。
30．句意：为期一周的乘船之旅充满了冒险。A. complaints“抱怨”；B. advantages“优势”；C. adventures“冒险”；D. conflicts“冲突”。根据下文作者提到了他们的旅行遭遇：见到了来自不同国家的人说着不同的语言，在各种大小的岛上玩乐，然后遇见了能吹翻公共汽车的大风；以及“being open to adventure”对冒险持开放态度。可知，作者把这些遭遇称为冒险，故选C。
31．句意：人们来自不同的国家，说着不同的语言。A. guides“指南”；B. countries“国家”；C. careers“职业”；D. aspects“方面”。根据空后“speaking different languages”说着不同的语言。可知，人们来自不同的国家。故选B。
32．句意：然后遇到了大风——风太大公共汽车都不能正常行驶，因为它们可能被吹翻。A. break up“结束”；B. float up“浮起”；C. slow down“减速”；D. blow over“吹翻”。根据空前“Then there were high winds”然后遇到了大风。可知，风速非常大，所以公共汽车有可能被吹翻。故选D。
33．句意：于是，我们叫了一辆昂贵的出租车，准备坐飞机回家。 A. make“使，让”；B. inform“告知”；C. delay“耽搁”；D. cancel“取消”。根据上文可知，作者旅途受阻，最后坐飞机回家，make one's flight“乘坐航班”。故选A。
34．句意：尽管我们喜欢这次旅行中更能预测的部分，我们真正的热情在于那些意想不到的事情——错过的行程，拥挤的房间，多样的文化，甚至是大风。A. adventurous“冒险的”；B. predictable“能够预测的”；C. beneficial“有好处的”；D. challenging“具有挑战性的”。空前while引导的句子此处表示对比，后文中提高的是让人意想不到的事情，所以空处应该是能预测的事情。故选B。
35．句意：尽管我们喜欢这次旅行中更能预测的部分，我们真正的热情在于那些意想不到的事情——错过的行程，拥挤的房间，多样的文化，甚至是大风。A. modern“现代的，当代的”；B. large“大的”；C. crowded“拥挤的”；D. empty“空的”。根据上文“tight quarters”可知，房间很拥挤。故选C。
36．句意：尽管我们喜欢这次旅行中更能预测的部分，我们真正的热情在于那些意想不到的事情——错过的行程，拥挤的房间，多样的文化，甚至是大风。A. winds“风”；B. islands“岛”；C. languages“语言”；D. flights“航班”。此处呼应前文提到的旅途中遭遇的大风。故选A。
37．句意：有时人们是如此的舒适，这使他们害怕做一些不一样的事情。A. afraid“害怕的”；B. disappointed“失望的”；C. comfortable“舒适的”；D. negative“消极的”。根据下文“comfort zone”可知，人们是如此的舒适。故选C。
38．句意：然而当他们走出舒适区时，他们曾认为害怕的经历就会显现出来。A. get out of“摆脱”；B. get close to“靠近”；C. take control of“控制”；D. come up with“提出”。根据空后“the different experiences”不同的经历，可知，人们会遇到不同的经历，所以应该是人们走出了舒适区。故选A。
39．句意：然而当他们走出舒适区时，他们曾认为害怕的经历就会显现出来。A. meaningful“有意义的”；B. frightening“令人害怕的”；C. simple“简单的”；D. common“普遍的”。人们走出了舒适区，遇见的事情就是令人不适的，所以B项符合文意。故选B。
40．句意：混合事物，尝试新事物，通过他人的眼睛看待事物，对冒险持开放态度——这就是你创造热情的方式。A. power“权力”；B. possibility“可能性”；C. effect“影响，效果”；D. passion“热情”。根据上文“Passion, like life, is about the journey, not the destination.”热情就如同生命一样，是一趟旅行而不是目的地。故选D。
【答案】41．which/ that；42．played；43．to be involved；44．a；45．is chosen；46．with；47．invasion；48．senseless；49．the most famous；50．films
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电影《拯救大兵瑞恩》和其背后的意义。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，非谓语动词，冠词，时态语态，介词，名词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》是一部由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导的电影。 was directed by Steven Spielberg 是限定性定语从句，先行词是film，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
42．句意：主角是约翰·米勒上尉，由汤姆·汉克斯饰演。动词play与空前名词character之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，作后置定语。故填played。
43．句意：詹姆斯·瑞恩是第四个参加第二次世界大战的兄弟。当名词或代词由序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用动词不定式，作后置定语；be involved in固定短语，“参与”。故填to be involved。
44．句意：米勒上尉是奥马哈海滩战役的英雄和幸存者，他被选为八人救援队的队长。此处泛指“一名英雄”；hero是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
45．句意：米勒上尉是奥马哈海滩战役的英雄和幸存者，他被选为八人救援队的队长。此处作谓语动词；由前一句谓语动词decides可知，应用一般现在时态；由句意可知，此处指“被选作队长”，所以用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语是单数Captain Miller，所以be动词用is。故填is chosen。
46．句意：电影以30分钟的诺曼底登陆开始，这可能是电影中最暴力的战争画面。此处表示“以……开始”，应用介词with。故填with。
47．句意：电影以30分钟的诺曼底登陆开始，这可能是电影中最暴力的战争画面。介词of后需接名词作宾语，invasion“入侵”，不可数名词。故填invasion。
48．句意：我们看到了战争的恐怖、混乱和毫无意义的生命浪费。此处形容词作定语，修饰空后名词waste；结合空后“waste of life”可知，空处用形容词senseless“无意义的”。故填senseless。
49．句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》是观众看过的最著名的反战电影之一。one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，所以空处需用形容词最高级。故填the most famous。
50．句意：斯皮尔伯格拍过很多电影，但他从来没有拍过传达如此强烈信息的电影。a lot of后需接可数名词复数，film“电影”，可数名词。故填films。
51．【答案】①starts →started ②all →both ③student前the →a ④shocking →shocked ⑤schoolmate →schoolmates ⑥去掉named后it ⑦Eventual →Eventually ⑧played前加was ⑨exported后in →to ⑩became →becoming
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了足球的起源与美式足球。
（1）句意：足球起源于800年前的英格兰。根据时间状语800 years ago可知，用一般过去时。故starts改为started。
（2）句意：有两支球队，两支球队都有200名队员。根据“There were 2 teams”可知，表示两者都，所以用both。故all改为both。
（3）句意：然而，在1823年，这名学生在一场足球比赛中捡起了一个球，并带着它奔跑。这里名词ball为泛指，所以用不定冠词a。故the改为a。
（4）句意：老师们感到震惊和愤怒。主语Teachers指人，所以用-ed形式形容词。表示“（人）感到震惊的”。故shocking改为shocked。
（5）句意：但是这个学生的同学很喜欢这个新游戏，他们以学校的名字为这个游戏命名。名词schoolmate为可数名词，且同学应该很多，所以用复数形式。故schoolmate改为schoolmates。
（6）句意：但是这个学生的同学很喜欢这个新游戏，他们以学校的名字为这个游戏命名。句中先行词为new game，在非限定性定语从句中作named after的宾语，关系代词which代指先行词，所以代词it多余。故去掉named后it。
（7）句意：最后，橄榄球比赛用的是一个可以携带和投掷的椭圆形球。句中用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故Eventual改为Eventually。
（8）句意：最后，橄榄球比赛用的是一个可以携带和投掷的椭圆形球。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语the game of rugby为单数，且与play之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故played前加was。
（9）句意：橄榄球被输出到美国，并发生了很大的变化，成为了美国人现在称之为“足球”的运动。be exported to固定短语，“被出口（输出）到……”，故in 改为to。
（10）句意：橄榄球被输出到美国，并发生了很大的变化，成为了美国人现在称之为“足球”的运动。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词修饰。逻辑主语Rugby与become之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故became改为becoming。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及时态，代词，冠词，形容词，名词，定语从句，副词，语态，介词，非谓语动词，以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇运动类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
52．【答案】My Weekend
Last weekend, my classmates and I picked up litter in Hongxing Community, which was welcomed by the residents.
As scheduled, we gathered at the school gate at 8 a.m. on Sunday morning and then went to Hongxing Community, where we were to pick up litter. Upon arrival, the residents gave us a warm welcome. Immediately, we were divided into several groups and each was responsible for a separate area. Wearing all necessary items, including protective gloves and masks, we began to pick up litter.
Although hot and tired, seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean, we were more than delighted. The activity was greatly praised by the community and we also learned how to sort out different types of waste. It was a rewarding day.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 为学校英文报写一篇短文，介绍一项活动。 写作背景： 上周末，你和班级同学去红星社区参加了一次捡垃圾志愿活动，受到了社区居民的欢迎。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）时间、地点；2）劳动过程；3）个人感受。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Last weekend, my classmates and I picked up litter in Hongxing Community, which was welcomed by the residents.运用了非限制性定语从句；As scheduled, we gathered at the school gate at 8 a.m. on Sunday morning and then went to Hongxing Community, where we were to pick up litter. 运用了省略，非限制性定语从句； Wearing all necessary items, including protective gloves and masks, we began to pick up litter.运用了现在分词作状语；Although hot and tired, seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean, we were more than delighted. 运用了让步状语从句；The activity was greatly praised by the community and we also learned how to sort out different types of waste.运用了并列句。
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四川省绵阳南山重点中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读理解
Arbeia Roman Fort (城堡) and Museum
Location and History
Arbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian's Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian's Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.
The Reconstructions
The reconstructions of the Commanding Officer's house and soldiers' quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer's house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.
The Museum
Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones (墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a "hands-on" area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.
Opening Times and Getting There
April 1-October 31:
Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm.
November 1-March 31:
Monday to Saturday 11:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday.
(Closed December 25-26 and January 1)
Entry is free.
Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.
Website:
www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia
1．According to the passage, what can we know about Arbeia Roman Fort
A．Arbeia Roman Fort was built in a small area in Rome.
B．Arbeia Roman Fort got reconstructions around AD 160.
C．Arbeia Roman Fort was related to the war.
D．Arbeia Roman Fort provided a comfortable life for soldiers.
2．What can visitors do in the museum
A．Build tombstones for the dead. B．See historical objects.
C．Write to ancient Romans. D．Try using old tools and weapons.
3．When does Arbeia Roman Fort close
A．On April 1. B．On October 31.
C．On November 1. D．On December 26.
【答案】1．C
2．B
3．D
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了旅游景点Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum的位置、历史、重建以及开放时间等信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据 Location and History 部分中的“Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian's Wall.”阿比亚罗马要塞建于公元160年左右，是驻扎在哈德良长城沿线的士兵的军事补给基地。可知，Arbeia Roman Fort与军事有关。故选C。
2．考查细节理解。根据 The Museum 部分中的“Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time.”参观博物馆，看到许多在Arbeia发现的物品。它们在历史上很重要，展示了当时日常生活的真实情况。可知，游客在博物馆内可以看见历史物品。故选B。
3．考查细节理解。根据 Opening Times and Getting There 部分中的“Closed December 25-26 and January 1”12月25日至26日和1月1日关闭。可知，Arbeia Roman Fort在12月26日是关闭的。故选D。
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读理解
The first time I used the TV to distract my daughter, I felt like a bad parent; I convinced myself I was a "bad" mom—these days I believe the opposite to be true. Screen time makes me a better mom.
Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That's ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的) parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.
Like most 6-year-olds, my daughter gets worked up and excited easily and watching a cartoon gives her a chance to shut off her mind. And there are other reasons—more selfish reasons. I am a work-from-work mom, and giving her screen time gives me "me" time. I'm able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.
There are other benefits, too. TV has also taught my daughter. Thanks to "super Why", she knew her alphabet at 2, and thanks to "Sesame Street", she was able to count to 20 by age 3. And I use the screen as a great incentive. My daughter earns "tablet time" when she completes tasks, e. g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.
Of course, I have a few rules. During meals, the TV is off; all programs must be supervised; on weekdays, she is limited to two hours maximum. So remember: It doesn't matter what our kids watch; it matters what they do, what they say, what they feel and how they act, and only you know what is best for them.
4．What can be learned about the author's opinion about screen time
A．It differs from a popular belief.
B．It is welcome by most crappy parents.
C．It fails to take kids into consideration.
D．It is the same with experts.
5．How can screen time be good for kids whose mothers work at home
A．It gives them topics to discuss with friends.
B．It enables them to keep their spirits up.
C．It helps them become independent.
D．It gives them some continuous time.
6．What does the underlined word "incentive" in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Relaxation B．Motivator C．Idea producer D．Learning tool
7．Which of the following might the author agree with
A．Nothing can be accomplished without rules.
B．A man is good-for-nothing (无用之人) until he is educated.
C．Science and technology are primary productive forces.
D．Each coin has two sides.
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．B
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者合理让孩子看电视，对自己和孩子都带来了好处。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查推理判断。根据第二段“Now I know what most of you might be thinking: That's ridiculous. Only crappy(糟糕的)parents rely on the screen to care for their kids. Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.” 现在我知道你们大多数人可能在想什么：这太荒谬了。只有糟糕的父母才会依赖屏幕来照顾他们的孩子。再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到；以及第一段中的“Screen time makes me a better mom.”屏幕时间让我成为一个更好的妈妈。可知，作者对屏幕时间的看法挑战了一个流行的观点。故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I'm able to write while she watches TV. And while this may sound bad, I believe I am helping my daughter realize she should rely on herself. When Mommy works, she gets her own snacks, drinks and toys.”我能在她看电视的时候写作。虽然这听起来很糟糕，但我相信我正在帮助我的女儿意识到她应该依靠自己。当妈妈工作的时候，她会得到她自己的零食，饮料和玩具。可知，妈妈在家工作的时候，自己看电视帮助孩子变得独立。故选C。
6．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“My daughter earns ‘tablet time’ when she completes tasks, e.g., making her bed earns 15minutes while doing her homework gets her 30.”我女儿在完成任务时赚取“平板时间” ，例如，整理床铺挣15分钟，做作业挣30分钟。可知，女儿完成任务就会赚到看电视的时间，据此推测“And I use the screen as a great incentive.”我把屏幕作为一个很好的incentive。其中incentive应该是“奖励措施”，故选B。
7．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Then again, experts suggest parents limit media use. And while I do not doubt experts, there are things they fail to consider.”再者，专家建议家长限制媒体的使用。虽然我不怀疑专家们，但有些事情他们没有考虑到。可知，作者认为关于孩子看电视这件事有弊也有利，凡事都有两面性。故选D。
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读理解
Green skin is common in science fiction, but what if green skin were not just for aliens If humans had green skin, what if it permitted us the ability to perform photosynthesis (光合作用), which plants use to live off of (依靠)sunlight
Let's analyze what science says about it and ask award-winning science-fiction author John Scalzi what he thinks.
Plants can live off of photosynthesis because they grow broad, flat leaves to harvest as much light as possible. They also need less energy because they are far less active than animals.
According to Lindsay Turnbull, a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf, the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin—about a tennis court's worth, Turnbull estimated.
In addition, photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide. Plants have pores (毛孔)that they use to supply the gas to their cells. If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts (叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things take in or leak out—for instance, moisture (水分)—in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.
One might wonder if photosynthetic people might prefer moving to sunny climates. Although such people might receive a small increase from photosynthesis if they moved to a desert area, they would likely base other resource issues to deal with, such as a lack of water, Scalzi said. "There's always going to be trade-offs (平衡)," he noted.
And would photosynthetic humans prefer hole or no clothing to absorb all those rays In some photosynthetic societies, clothing might become a symbol of the elite—a sign they get enough energy from food and do not need photosynthesis. You can imagine them saying. "I'm rich, so I can cover up." Scalzi said.
So would Scalzi want photosynthetic skin for himself "Probably not." he said. "I don't see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I'd look to benefit from it."
8．Why can't humans live off of photosynthesis according to Lindsay Turnbull
A．Because our skin area is small. B．Because we wear clothes.
C．Because we don't have green skin. D．Because we are not active.
9．If photosynthetic humans had pores, what would be the disadvantage
A．They would absorb too much CO2.
B．They would be too small for human beings.
C．They would release some useful substances.
D．They would keep gases from entering the human body.
10．What might be the reason why Scalzi says no to photosynthetic skin for himself
A．He believed there were not enough benefits.
B．He wouldn't like to move to sunny climates.
C．He was too conservative (保守的) to accept that.
D．He thought clothing was simply a symbol of upper class.
11．How does the author support the theme of the text
A．By following the time order. B．By describing a process.
C．By making classifications. D．By providing research results.
【答案】8．A
9．C
10．A
11．D
【知识点】推理判断题；日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类能不能够依靠皮肤的光合作用生存的问题。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin - about a tennis court's worth, Turnbull estimated.”Turnbull估计，要使光合作用的女士满足自己的能量需求，她需要的皮肤要多得多——大约相当于网球场的价值。可知，Lindsay Turnbull指出，人类不能依靠光合作用生存的原因是我们的皮肤面积不够大。故选A。
9．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“If photosynthetic humans had chloroplasts(叶绿体), they might need porous skin to let in carbon dioxide, but such pores might let other things leak in or out-for instance, moisture(水分)-in ways that might prove harmful to the human body.”如果光合人类有叶绿体，他们可能需要多孔的皮肤来吸收二氧化碳，但是这些毛孔可能会使其他东西渗入或渗出，例如水分，这可能对人体有害。可知，如果光合作用的人类有毛孔，缺点是会释放有用的物质。故选C。
10．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I don't see the benefit from it being so great that I would completely change the way I'd look to benefit from it.”我不认为它带来的好处如此之大，以至于我将完全改变我从中受益的方式。可知，Scalzi拒绝光合作用皮肤的原因是因为风险比益处大得多。故选A。
11．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“According to Lindsay Turnbull. a plant ecologist at the University of Oxford, if the skin of a woman were photosynthetic like a leaf. the amount of surface area she had would satisfy only 1% of her daily energy requirements to survive. For a photosynthesizing woman to meet her energy demands, she would need a lot more skin-about a tennis courts worth. Turnbull estimated.”根据Lindsay Turnbull的说法。 牛津大学的植物生态学家，如果女人的皮肤像叶子一样是光合作用的。 她的表面积仅能满足她每天生存所需能量的1％。 一个光合作用的女人要满足她的能量需求，她将需要更多的皮肤。并结合全文理解可知，本文通过分析一些研究结果来解答人类依靠皮肤光合作用的可行性。故选D。
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读理解
While the arts can't stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.
We often experience works of art as something that's pleasing to our senses without a full understanding of the creative effort. Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions(分歧的消除). Through our understanding of art, we can gain a deeper understanding of how we might overcome our own challenges. In understanding extremes of contrast, we can see the beauty in art with themes that are not simply pleasing for their magnificent features or qualities.
Beethoven offers a wonderful example of moving artfully through crises and chaos. He composed his Symphony No. 9 as his hearing loss became more and more pronounced. The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller's Ode to joy (欢乐颂). Beethoven appears to have created a work of art that not only freed him from his personal struggles, but one that also speaks to the joy of living together in peace and harmony.
Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness(一致) of the two opposing forces. The arts offer many lessons that can help us gain the knowledge we need to move more confidently in today's competitive and uncertain environment. An openness to arts-based solutions will give you more control over your future.
12．What value does art have beyond pleasing people's senses
A．It brings people sadness.
B．It reduces the possibility of crises.
C．It contributes to problem-solving.
D．It worsens understanding of challenges.
13．What can we learn about Beethoven's Symphony No. 9
A．It aims to show crises and chaos.
B．It celebrates freedom and unity.
C．It opens with Schiller's Ode to Joy.
D．It is unfinished due to his hearing loss.
14．What is the author's suggestion on dealing with conflicting forces
A．Leaving things as they are. B．Engaging them in a conversation.
C．Separating them from each other. D．Making a choice between them.
15．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．How COVID-19 changes art B．How to appreciate arts in new ways
C．Essentials of Symphony No. 9 D．Moving artfully through crises
【答案】12．C
13．B
14．B
15．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；日常生活类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了在疫情影响下的世界背景中，艺术为人们提供了应对危机和冲突的创造性思路。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Great art often shows us contradictions and crises, and we can learn a great deal from their resolutions.”伟大的艺术经常向我们展示矛盾和危机，我们可以从它们的解决中学到很多东西。可知，可以从艺术作品中学习如何解决矛盾和危机，因此，除了取悦感官的价值之外，理解艺术有助于解决现实中问题的解决。故选C。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The opening of the symphony seems to come out of nowhere, from near silence in the opening to a full expression of what many consider to be the joy of freedom and universal brotherhood with Schiller's Ode to joy.”交响乐的开场似乎不知道从哪里冒出来的，从开场近乎寂静，到用席勒的《欢乐颂》充分表达了许多人认为的自由的喜悦和普遍的兄弟情谊。可知，贝多芬的《第九交响曲》表达了自由和团结。故选B。
14．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Have a dialogue between the two opposing parts and you will find that they always start out fighting each other until we come to an appreciation of difference—a oneness of the two opposing forces.”在两个对立的部分之间进行对话，你会发现它们总是从一开始就互相争斗，直到我们对它们之间的差异有了一个新的认识——两种对立的力量是统一的。可知，作者表达了“经过将对立部分对话就会发现，虽然这两个部分刚开始是互相争斗，但最终会发现它们的力量是统一的”观点，即，矛盾冲突是可以通过对话交流处理的。可推知，作者对于处理冲突各方的建议是让各方进行对话和交流。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“While the arts can't stop the COVID-19 virus or the social unrest we see in the world today, they can give us insight into the choices we make when moving through crises and chaos. The arts invite everyone to think in new ways.”虽然艺术不能阻止新冠肺炎病毒或我们今天在世界上看到的社会动荡，但它们可以让我们洞察我们在危机和混乱中做出的选择。艺术邀请每个人以新的方式思考。揭示了文章的主旨大意，即，文章主要讲述了理解艺术对于应对现实危机与冲突的启示。“艺术地通过危机”贴合主题，可作最佳标题。故选D。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两个为多余选项。
Shyness is normal and it is not considered as a mental problem. All people have been shy at one time or another. Even the most confident people experienced being shy.　16． 　
You probably are wondering why you are shy. It may be because of the environment you were used to or the way you were brought up. Certain events or incidents in the past may also lead to the reason why you are shy now.　17． 　Most shy people have shy parents and relatives and it is not surprising to find out that they too have become shy persons.
One of the negative sides of being shy is having the tendency to be passive. Most of the time shy people can't stand up for themselves and what they believe is right.　18． 　This apparently influences their social life as well as work, family and other aspects of their life.
While shyness has negative aspects, it has positive sides. Shy people are usually good observers and do not get themselves into too much trouble because they try to observe their environment or any situation before they act.　19． 　They can also make great friends. Since they have difficulties in social scenes, making friends seems to be a must. Therefore, they value their friends wholeheartedly and have proven to be loyal and thoughtful friends.
　20． 　Some of them born with shy parents have successfully battled against being shy. This contributes to their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem and trying to be exposed to new environments.
A. They are sensitive and accustomed to getting suspicious.
B. But in most cases, shyness proves to be genetic.
C. So if you're feeling shy, don't worry because you are not alone.
D. Because some people are born to be shy, they let it go hang.
E. Although shyness is something from birth, it can be improved over time.
F. They are not hot-headed and think twice before making any decisions.
G. They avoid crowds by nature and stay away from groups and social interactions.
【答案】16．C；17．B；18．G；19．F；20．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了人们会害羞的原因、介绍了害羞的弊端和益处以及害羞是可以慢慢克服的这一事实。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“Shyness is normal and it is not considered as a mental problem. All people have been shy at one time or another. Even the most confident people experienced being shy. ”害羞是正常的，它不被认为是一种精神问题。所有的人都曾有过害羞的时候。即使是最自信的人也会感到害羞。讲到害羞是正常现象，所有人，包括最自信的人，都曾害羞过，C. So if you're feeling shy, don't worry because you are not alone.”所以，如果你感到害羞，不要担心，因为你不是一个人。是本段的结论，正因为人人都会害羞，所以不用担心，与上文构成因果关系。故选C。
17．根据空前“It may be because of the environment you were used to or the way you were brought up. Certain events or incidents in the past may also lead to the reason why you are shy now.”这可能是因为你所习惯的环境或者你被抚养长大的方式。过去的某些事情或事件也可能是导致你现在害羞的原因。介绍了感到害羞可能与成长环境和特定事件等外部因素有关；以及空后“Most shy people have shy parents and relatives and it is not surprising to find out that they too have become shy persons.”大多数害羞的人都有害羞的父母和亲戚，所以不难发现他们也成了害羞的人。介绍了害羞可能来自父母亲戚的遗传、基因，是内部因素，上下文之间有转折对比关系，B. But in most cases, shyness proves to be genetic.“但在大多数情况下，害羞是遗传的”起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
18．根据空后“This apparently influences their social life as well as work, family and other aspects of their life.”这显然影响了他们的社会生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面。由指示代词this可知，上文中应出现其指代内容，而且该内容会影响到人们的社会生活以及工作、家庭和生活的其他方面，G . They avoid crowds by nature and stay away from groups and social interactions.“他们天生避开人群，远离群体和社会交往”所描述害羞的人会“避开人群，远离群体和社会交往”这一行为，会对人们的方方面面造成极大的影响，正是下文代词this指代的 对象，与下文构成逻辑上的顺承关系。故选G。
19．根据空前“While shyness has negative aspects, it has positive sides.”虽然害羞有消极的方面，但它也有积极的方面。可知，本段主要介绍“害羞”的积极意义，F. They are not hot-headed and think twice before making any decisions.“他们不会头脑发热，在做任何决定之前都会再三考虑”讲害羞的人做事情会深思熟虑，这是对中心句中“positive sides”的举例说明，同时，与其上文和下文构成并列关系，都是对中心句的举例说明。故选F。
20．根据空后“Some of them born with shy parents have successfully battled against being shy. This contributes to their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem and trying to be exposed to new environments.”一些人出生时父母就很害羞，但他们成功地战胜了害羞。这有助于他们不断自我完善，发展自尊，尝试接触新环境。可知，本段主要讲了害羞是可以战胜的，E. Although shyness is something from birth, it can be improved over time.“虽然害羞是与生俱来的，但它可以随着时间的推移而改善”介绍了害羞可以改善，作为段首中心句，是对全段内容的准确概括，且句中“it can be improved ”与下文“their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem”相照应。故选E。
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Passion, like life, is about the journey, not the destination. Kimberly and I have been planning a trip to Europe for a year. This was a 21． of ours.
The most exciting part of the journey started with a train ride that had some 22． . We took a train from Zurich (苏黎世) to Croatia (克罗地亚), where no one 23． us, though. In addition, we had a tough time 24． a taxi around the station to make it to the ship. 25． , they waited for us there.
Once we got onto the ship we 26． it was not like a large hotel with great service. It was tight quarters. The 27． was very small. The shower was a spout (喷头) 28． to the bathroom sink (洗涤池). You turned it on and sprayed (喷洒) yourself, 29． the rest of the room.
The week-long ship ride was full of 30． . There were people from different 31． speaking different languages. We stopped on islands of all sizes for fun. Then there were high winds—so high that the buses couldn't run because they might 32． . So we took an expensive taxi, and headed back to 33． our flight home.
While we loved the more 34． parts of the trip, our real passion was in the unexpected—the missed rides, the 35． ship, the mixture of cultures, and even the 36． .
Sometimes people are so 37． that it scares them to do something different. Yet when they do 38． their comfort zone, the different experiences that they once thought were 39． are what stand out. Mixing things up, trying new things, seeing something through another person's eyes, being open to adventure—this is how you create 40． .
21．A．chance B．tip C．game D．goal
22．A．trouble B．anecdotes C．formulas D．flexibility
23．A．punished B．greeted C．scolded D．encouraged
24．A．arranging B．approaching C．finding D．offering
25．A．Luckily B．Interestingly
C．Rudely D．Disappointingly
26．A．promised B．explained C．remembered D．realized
27．A．hotel B．spout C．bathroom D．sink
28．A．pointing B．connected C．suited D．flowing
29．A．but for B．next
to C．apart from D．along with
30．A．complaints B．advantages C．adventures D．conflicts
31．A．guides B．countries C．careers D．aspects
32．A．break up B．float
up C．slow down D．blow over
33．A．make B．inform C．delay D．cancel
34．A．adventurous B．predictable C．beneficial D．challenging
35．A．modern B．large C．crowded D．empty
36．A．winds B．islands C．languages D．flights
37．A．afraid B．disappointed C．comfortable D．negative
38．A．get out of B．get close to
C．take control of D．come up with
39．A．meaningful B．frightening C．simple D．common
40．A．power B．possibility C．effect D．passion
【答案】21．D；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．A；26．D；27．C；28．B；29．D；30．C；31．B；32．D；33．A；34．B；35．C；36．A；37．C；38．A；39．B；40．D
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者的一次欧洲之旅，以及旅行途中遇到的各种冒险，呼吁人们走出舒适区，燃起对于生活的热情。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：这是我们的一个目标。A. chance“机会”；B. tip“建议”；C. game“游戏”；D. goal“目标”。根据上文“Kimberly and I have been planning a trip to Europe for a year.(一年来，金柏利和我一直计划去欧洲旅行。)”可知，作者和金柏利一直在计划旅行，因此这是他们要实现的一个目标。故选D项。
22．句意：旅程中最激动人心的部分始于一次不太顺利的火车旅行。A. trouble“麻烦”；B. anecdotes“奇闻轶事”；C. formulas“公式”；D. flexibility“灵活性”。根据下文“we had a tough time”我们有着艰难的时光。可知，作者的火车之旅遇到了一些麻烦。故选A。
23．句意：我们从苏黎世乘火车到克罗地亚，但是没有人迎接我们。A. punished“惩罚”；B. greeted“迎接”；C. scolded“责备”；D. encouraged“鼓励”。根据上文可知，作者去了陌生的地方旅行，所以没有人迎接他们。故选B。
24．句意：此外，我们很难在车站附近找到一辆出租车，以便到达船上。 A. arranging“安排”；B. approaching“临近”；C. finding“寻找，发现”；D. offering“提供”。根据空后“to make it to the ship”及时乘船。可知，作者和朋友下火车之后先要找出租车，再乘坐出租车去乘船。故选C。
25．句意：幸运地是，他们在那里等我们。A. Luckily“幸运地”；B. Interestingly“有趣地”；C. Rudely“粗鲁地”；D. Disappointingly“令人失望地”。根据空前“to make it to the ship”及时乘船。可知，作者赶上了轮船，所以他们是幸运的。故选A。
26．句意：我们上了船后，就意识到它不像一个服务很好的宾馆。A. promised“承诺”；B. explained“解释”；C. remembered“记住”；D. realized“意识到”。根据空后“it was not like a large hotel with great service.”它不像一个服务很好的宾馆。可知，作者在登船后意识到了船上的服务不好。故选D。
27．句意：浴室非常小。A. hotel“宾馆”；B. spout“喷头”；C. bathroom“浴室”；D. sink“水池”。根据下文的“shower”和“bathroom sink”可知，作者描述的是浴室。故选C。
28．句意：淋浴器是连接到浴室洗涤池的喷头。A. pointing“指向”；B. connected“连接”；C. suited“适合”；D. flowing“流动”。喷头和浴室洗涤池相连。故选B。
29．句意：你打开喷头往自己身上喷水，房间的其他地方也会被喷上水。A. but for“要不是”；B. next to“紧挨着”；C. apart from“除了”；D. along with“与……一起”。根据上文可知，宾馆条件不好，设施较差，因此推断打开喷头时，水会喷到浴室的其他地方。故选D。
30．句意：为期一周的乘船之旅充满了冒险。A. complaints“抱怨”；B. advantages“优势”；C. adventures“冒险”；D. conflicts“冲突”。根据下文作者提到了他们的旅行遭遇：见到了来自不同国家的人说着不同的语言，在各种大小的岛上玩乐，然后遇见了能吹翻公共汽车的大风；以及“being open to adventure”对冒险持开放态度。可知，作者把这些遭遇称为冒险，故选C。
31．句意：人们来自不同的国家，说着不同的语言。A. guides“指南”；B. countries“国家”；C. careers“职业”；D. aspects“方面”。根据空后“speaking different languages”说着不同的语言。可知，人们来自不同的国家。故选B。
32．句意：然后遇到了大风——风太大公共汽车都不能正常行驶，因为它们可能被吹翻。A. break up“结束”；B. float up“浮起”；C. slow down“减速”；D. blow over“吹翻”。根据空前“Then there were high winds”然后遇到了大风。可知，风速非常大，所以公共汽车有可能被吹翻。故选D。
33．句意：于是，我们叫了一辆昂贵的出租车，准备坐飞机回家。 A. make“使，让”；B. inform“告知”；C. delay“耽搁”；D. cancel“取消”。根据上文可知，作者旅途受阻，最后坐飞机回家，make one's flight“乘坐航班”。故选A。
34．句意：尽管我们喜欢这次旅行中更能预测的部分，我们真正的热情在于那些意想不到的事情——错过的行程，拥挤的房间，多样的文化，甚至是大风。A. adventurous“冒险的”；B. predictable“能够预测的”；C. beneficial“有好处的”；D. challenging“具有挑战性的”。空前while引导的句子此处表示对比，后文中提高的是让人意想不到的事情，所以空处应该是能预测的事情。故选B。
35．句意：尽管我们喜欢这次旅行中更能预测的部分，我们真正的热情在于那些意想不到的事情——错过的行程，拥挤的房间，多样的文化，甚至是大风。A. modern“现代的，当代的”；B. large“大的”；C. crowded“拥挤的”；D. empty“空的”。根据上文“tight quarters”可知，房间很拥挤。故选C。
36．句意：尽管我们喜欢这次旅行中更能预测的部分，我们真正的热情在于那些意想不到的事情——错过的行程，拥挤的房间，多样的文化，甚至是大风。A. winds“风”；B. islands“岛”；C. languages“语言”；D. flights“航班”。此处呼应前文提到的旅途中遭遇的大风。故选A。
37．句意：有时人们是如此的舒适，这使他们害怕做一些不一样的事情。A. afraid“害怕的”；B. disappointed“失望的”；C. comfortable“舒适的”；D. negative“消极的”。根据下文“comfort zone”可知，人们是如此的舒适。故选C。
38．句意：然而当他们走出舒适区时，他们曾认为害怕的经历就会显现出来。A. get out of“摆脱”；B. get close to“靠近”；C. take control of“控制”；D. come up with“提出”。根据空后“the different experiences”不同的经历，可知，人们会遇到不同的经历，所以应该是人们走出了舒适区。故选A。
39．句意：然而当他们走出舒适区时，他们曾认为害怕的经历就会显现出来。A. meaningful“有意义的”；B. frightening“令人害怕的”；C. simple“简单的”；D. common“普遍的”。人们走出了舒适区，遇见的事情就是令人不适的，所以B项符合文意。故选B。
40．句意：混合事物，尝试新事物，通过他人的眼睛看待事物，对冒险持开放态度——这就是你创造热情的方式。A. power“权力”；B. possibility“可能性”；C. effect“影响，效果”；D. passion“热情”。根据上文“Passion, like life, is about the journey, not the destination.”热情就如同生命一样，是一趟旅行而不是目的地。故选D。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2022高二下·绵阳期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（仅限1词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个词）。
Saving Private Ryan is a film 　41． 　 was directed by Steven Spielberg. The main character is Captain John Miller, 　42． 　 (play) by Tom Hanks.
James Ryan is the fourth brother 　43． 　 (involve) in the Second World War. His three brothers have already been killed. Their heart-broken mother receives news about all her dead sons on the same day. The US army decides to send a group of men into French countryside to try to find the fourth brother. Captain Miller,　44． 　 hero and survivor of the Omaha Beach battle, 　45． 　 (choose) to lead the rescue team of eight men.
The film opens 　46． 　 a 30-minute sequence of the 　47． 　 (invade) of Normandy, probably the most violent images of war ever shown in a film. We see the full horror of war, and the chaos and 　48． 　 (sense) waste of life.
Saving Private Ryan is one of 　49． 　 (famous) anti-war films the audience have ever seen. Spielberg has made a lot of 　50． 　 (film), but he has never made one with such a strong message. And the message is simple—We want peace; we don't want war.
【答案】41．which/ that；42．played；43．to be involved；44．a；45．is chosen；46．with；47．invasion；48．senseless；49．the most famous；50．films
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了电影《拯救大兵瑞恩》和其背后的意义。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及定语从句，非谓语动词，冠词，时态语态，介词，名词，形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》是一部由史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格执导的电影。 was directed by Steven Spielberg 是限定性定语从句，先行词是film，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
42．句意：主角是约翰·米勒上尉，由汤姆·汉克斯饰演。动词play与空前名词character之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，作后置定语。故填played。
43．句意：詹姆斯·瑞恩是第四个参加第二次世界大战的兄弟。当名词或代词由序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，常用动词不定式，作后置定语；be involved in固定短语，“参与”。故填to be involved。
44．句意：米勒上尉是奥马哈海滩战役的英雄和幸存者，他被选为八人救援队的队长。此处泛指“一名英雄”；hero是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
45．句意：米勒上尉是奥马哈海滩战役的英雄和幸存者，他被选为八人救援队的队长。此处作谓语动词；由前一句谓语动词decides可知，应用一般现在时态；由句意可知，此处指“被选作队长”，所以用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语是单数Captain Miller，所以be动词用is。故填is chosen。
46．句意：电影以30分钟的诺曼底登陆开始，这可能是电影中最暴力的战争画面。此处表示“以……开始”，应用介词with。故填with。
47．句意：电影以30分钟的诺曼底登陆开始，这可能是电影中最暴力的战争画面。介词of后需接名词作宾语，invasion“入侵”，不可数名词。故填invasion。
48．句意：我们看到了战争的恐怖、混乱和毫无意义的生命浪费。此处形容词作定语，修饰空后名词waste；结合空后“waste of life”可知，空处用形容词senseless“无意义的”。故填senseless。
49．句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》是观众看过的最著名的反战电影之一。one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”，所以空处需用形容词最高级。故填the most famous。
50．句意：斯皮尔伯格拍过很多电影，但他从来没有拍过传达如此强烈信息的电影。a lot of后需接可数名词复数，film“电影”，可数名词。故填films。
五、改错题（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）61
51．（2022高二下·绵阳期中）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词；
删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉；
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Football starts in England 800 years ago. Players played the game with a round ball that players kicked but could not carry. There were 2 teams, all of which consisted of 200 players. However, in 1823, the student picked up the ball during a soccer game and ran with it. Teachers were shocking and angry. But the student's schoolmate enjoyed this new game, which they named it after the school. Eventual, the game of rugby played with an oval ball that could be both carried and thrown. Rugby was exported in the United States and changed a lot, became the sport that Americans now call football.
【答案】①starts →started ②all →both ③student前the →a ④shocking →shocked ⑤schoolmate →schoolmates ⑥去掉named后it ⑦Eventual →Eventually ⑧played前加was ⑨exported后in →to ⑩became →becoming
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了足球的起源与美式足球。
（1）句意：足球起源于800年前的英格兰。根据时间状语800 years ago可知，用一般过去时。故starts改为started。
（2）句意：有两支球队，两支球队都有200名队员。根据“There were 2 teams”可知，表示两者都，所以用both。故all改为both。
（3）句意：然而，在1823年，这名学生在一场足球比赛中捡起了一个球，并带着它奔跑。这里名词ball为泛指，所以用不定冠词a。故the改为a。
（4）句意：老师们感到震惊和愤怒。主语Teachers指人，所以用-ed形式形容词。表示“（人）感到震惊的”。故shocking改为shocked。
（5）句意：但是这个学生的同学很喜欢这个新游戏，他们以学校的名字为这个游戏命名。名词schoolmate为可数名词，且同学应该很多，所以用复数形式。故schoolmate改为schoolmates。
（6）句意：但是这个学生的同学很喜欢这个新游戏，他们以学校的名字为这个游戏命名。句中先行词为new game，在非限定性定语从句中作named after的宾语，关系代词which代指先行词，所以代词it多余。故去掉named后it。
（7）句意：最后，橄榄球比赛用的是一个可以携带和投掷的椭圆形球。句中用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故Eventual改为Eventually。
（8）句意：最后，橄榄球比赛用的是一个可以携带和投掷的椭圆形球。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语the game of rugby为单数，且与play之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故played前加was。
（9）句意：橄榄球被输出到美国，并发生了很大的变化，成为了美国人现在称之为“足球”的运动。be exported to固定短语，“被出口（输出）到……”，故in 改为to。
（10）句意：橄榄球被输出到美国，并发生了很大的变化，成为了美国人现在称之为“足球”的运动。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词修饰。逻辑主语Rugby与become之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故became改为becoming。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及时态，代词，冠词，形容词，名词，定语从句，副词，语态，介词，非谓语动词，以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇运动类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
六、书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2022高二下·绵阳期中）上周末，你和班级同学去红星社区参加了一次捡垃圾志愿活动，受到了社区居民的欢迎。请你为学校英文报写一篇短文，介绍这次活动。
1）时间、地点；
2）劳动过程；
3）个人感受。
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）题目已为你写好。参考词汇：红星社区Hongxing Community
My
Weekend
【答案】My Weekend
Last weekend, my classmates and I picked up litter in Hongxing Community, which was welcomed by the residents.
As scheduled, we gathered at the school gate at 8 a.m. on Sunday morning and then went to Hongxing Community, where we were to pick up litter. Upon arrival, the residents gave us a warm welcome. Immediately, we were divided into several groups and each was responsible for a separate area. Wearing all necessary items, including protective gloves and masks, we began to pick up litter.
Although hot and tired, seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean, we were more than delighted. The activity was greatly praised by the community and we also learned how to sort out different types of waste. It was a rewarding day.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 为学校英文报写一篇短文，介绍一项活动。 写作背景： 上周末，你和班级同学去红星社区参加了一次捡垃圾志愿活动，受到了社区居民的欢迎。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）时间、地点；2）劳动过程；3）个人感受。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Last weekend, my classmates and I picked up litter in Hongxing Community, which was welcomed by the residents.运用了非限制性定语从句；As scheduled, we gathered at the school gate at 8 a.m. on Sunday morning and then went to Hongxing Community, where we were to pick up litter. 运用了省略，非限制性定语从句； Wearing all necessary items, including protective gloves and masks, we began to pick up litter.运用了现在分词作状语；Although hot and tired, seeing the neighbourhood neat and clean, we were more than delighted. 运用了让步状语从句；The activity was greatly praised by the community and we also learned how to sort out different types of waste.运用了并列句。
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