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高考英语阅读策略与练习
理解作者的意图和态度
每篇文章都有特定的写作目的，而这些信息通常并不是被明确地表达出来的，而是隐含在文章之中。
作者的态度有主客观两种。在客观描写中，作者的态度往往通过陈述事实较明显地表现；主观态度则需要从字里行间推断。解这类题时要注意：
1. 对于新闻报道，作者往往持中立态度。而对于议论文，作者的态度要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的选项常常是错误的。同时，带有绝对化或感情过于强烈的表达也应排除。
2. 区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。
3. 有时需要根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度。
4. 注意辨认哪些是事实，哪些是观点，在此基础上将上下文联系起来分析，最后确认文章所陈述的内容到底哪些代表了作者的观点。
[技能实践]
A
We find that our students don’t read and look down upon reading and even scold those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. Therefore, I have reached a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight it Let them watch all they want!
What do you think is the author’s attitude towards TV
A. Curious. B. Worried. C. Unfavorable. D. Favorable.
[技能点拨]
答案：C。作者在最后用了两个感叹句：“想看就看，任其自便吧！”“既然电视比书本更吸引孩子，我们何必苦苦反对呢？ 想看就叫他们看吧！”这里面一定包含了作者的态度，联系上下文，可以断定，作者对孩子们看电视的态度很明朗，但并非如字面意义那样真正认可，而是持否定态度，所以答案为C。
B
Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. To begin with, I like the idea of dreaming of going to bed and lying still and then, by some astonishing magic, wandering into another kind of existence. As a child, I could never understand why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such a fuss (大惊小怪) about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I am puzzled by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more astonishing than it would be if they said they never went out for a walk. Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing (打喷嚏). I can never understand this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important.
1. What is the author’s attitude toward dreaming
A. He likes it. B. He thinks it puzzling.
C. He used to like it. D. He dislikes it.
2. The writer suggests that people who say they never go out for a walk are _____.
A. interesting B. surprising C. foolish D. lazy
[技能点拨]
答案：1-2 AB。第1题：虽然作者将梦描述成horrible，但从后面的转折连词but表明作者的态度是喜欢。他认为做梦是正常的事情，B项认为作者觉得梦令人迷惑显然应该排除；C项具有极大的迷惑性，但从文中的一句“This still puzzles me.”以及下文作者对人们为什么对做梦这一话题没有一点兴趣感到迷惑不难推断作者现在依旧喜欢做梦；D项明显错。第2题：要作出正确的判断必须先理解整个句子的意思：It is much more astonishing than it would be if they said they never went out for a walk后半句使用了虚拟语气，意思是对于那些从来不做梦同时也对此不感兴趣的人来说，要比那些说自己从来没有出去散过步的人还要astonishing，由此不难看出作者对后者的态度也还是很惊讶的，即那些人是“令人惊讶的（surprising）”。
推理引申
[策略聚焦]
在解答推理引申类题目时不仅要弄懂字面意思，更要知道其潜在含义。
干扰项的特点如下：①只是原文的简单复述, 而非推断出来的结论；②看似从原文推断出的结论, 然而却与原文不符；③根据已有的常识是正确的, 但却不是
一般来讲，推理题有如下几个类型：①根据词义关系推断具体细节。做此类题只要进行简单的推断就可得出结论。②根据文章的描写推断人物的特征。解题时要特别注意人物语言、行为和心理活动的描写。③根据文章的论述推断作者的态度。解这类题要特别留意文中带有感彩的词。④根据已有的材料推断后面的内容。做这类题时要把握作者的写作思路来预测下文内容，可按照事件发展的经过，按因果关系或对比关系来描述。
[技能实践]
Think back to your college days, the good old days when life was easy. Stay up all night partying or even studying No problem. Eat pizza every night and plow through entire bags of potato chips nonstop. Hey, no sweat. You were a lean (苗条的), mean, and also young machine.
But ... then stuff happens. You graduate, get a job, get married, have kids, and around the age of thirty-five you’re no longer so young and so lean. In fact, you’ve added a few pounds around the middle. And with each passing year you seem to put on another pound or two. By the time you’ve hit your mid-forties you may find yourself looking into the mirror and wondering, “What happened to the slim, young Adonis (希腊神话中的美少年) ”
How did this happen Around the age of thirty-five or so your metabolism (新陈代谢) may start to slow down. Plus, you are likely to lose muscle mass （肌肉质量）, which slows your metabolism even more. The slower your metabolism, the slower the rate at which your body burns calories. So even if you’re eating less than you used to, you’ll start gaining weight.
But that you’re not a spring chicken （年轻人） anymore doesn’t mean that you have to get fat. In fact, the antidote (矫正方法) is pretty simple: exercise and eat less. Lifting weights or otherwise regularly working your muscles will add or at least keep muscle mass, which will help keep your metabolism.
So maybe you can’t stay young forever, but you can stay slim.
1.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the young people are _____.
A. creative B. greedy C. energetic D. humorous
2.The underlined word “stuff” (in Paragraph 2) refers to a series of things that are _____.
A. boring B. happy C. curious D. unexpected
3.According to Paragraph 3, one’s gaining weight is _____.
A. common B. impossible C. avoidable D. dangerous
4.Which of the following words can best describe the writer’s attitude towards keeping one’s figure
A. Passive. B. Positive. C. Puzzled. D. Disappointed.
[技能点拨]
答案：1-4 CAAB。四小题均考查推理判断。第一题需要根据第一节的内容进行分析推理，整夜不睡、食量大等等这些都是精力充沛的表现，故C项energetic正确；第2题从下文毕业、找工作、结婚、生孩子，这一切都是令人心烦的事，结果不再年轻。第3题要特别注意答题的依据是第3段的内容，注意不能选C。虽然文章最后一段作者的观点非常明确，即只要锻炼加少食，就可以防止发胖，但第3段主要是介绍了人到一定年龄发胖的原理，说明发胖还是常见的（common）。第4题可以从文章的整个基调尤其是最后一句十分肯定的结论推断出作者对一个人保持体形的态度是积极的，故B为正确答案。
题型练习
（一）
Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things. All these, however, remain true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes more efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish .The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse our selves or turn the other persons off.
With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handcraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.
1. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to _______.
A. live a better life B. look for better methods
C. change ways of living D. accept technology and advance steadily
2. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. tools B. messages C. barriers D. skills
3. The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by _______.
A. describing a process B. using examples
C. following time order D. making classification
4. What can be concluded from the last paragraph
A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life.
B. People review the past with great regret.
C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.
D. People’s attitude decides the use of technology.
I wasn’t sure what this work involved, but it must have been exciting because the Lab itself was exciting. Anywhere we didn’t go often was exciting.
We would get there in a heavy wooden rowboat, built in the five-house village half a mile away --- our mother would row, she was quite good at it --- or by following a twisty, winding footpath, over fallen trees and around rocks. It was too far for us to walk and our legs were too short, so mostly we went in the rowboat.
The Lab was made of wood; it seemed huge, though in the two photographs of it that survive it looks like a small house. Inside it there were things we weren’t allowed to touch – bottles containing a dangerous liquid in which young white insects floated, their six tiny front legs held together like praying fingers, and plugs that smelled like poison and plates with dried insects. All of this was so forbidden which made us confused.
At the Lab we could hide in the ice house, a dark and secret place that was always bigger on the inside than it was on the outside, where there was a silence, and a lot of sawdust(木屑) to keep the blocks of ice cool.
What did we do in there There was nothing to actually do. We’d pretended we had disappeared suddenly – that nobody knew where we were. This in itself was strangely energetic. Then we’d come out, away from the silence, back into the pine-needle fragrance and the sound of waves beating against the shore, and our mother’s voice calling us, because it was time to get back into the rowboat and row home.
5, In Line 1, “this wok” clearly refers to _______.
A. Writing B. insect research C. photography D. food science
6, The details of the passage suggest that the author is _______.
A. an adult remembering a recent incident
B. an adult looking back on a place from childhood
C. an elderly person thinking of her middle age
D. a child describing a frightening place
7, The description of the Lab and ice house are similar in that both ______.
A. emphasize cheerful and light-hearted surroundings
B. contain pictures of hidings and secrecy
C. stress the author’s misunderstanding of the size
D. make comparisons with the author’s home.
8. Repeatedly using the pronouns “we” and “us”, the author most likely speaks of herself and _____.
A. her father B. her mother C a brother or sister D. the reader
参考答案：1-8：DABDBBCC

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