2023年高考英语语法之常考虚拟语气用法总结及真题汇编

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

2023年高考英语语法之常考虚拟语气用法总结及真题汇编

资源简介

2023年高考英语语法之常考虚拟语气用法总结及真题汇编
if only虚拟语气用法总结,as if虚拟语气用法归纳
  if only和as if经常用于虚拟语气中,if only表示愿望,主要为难以实现的愿望。as if表示说话人对当时的情况表示怀疑,认为其不真实或极少概率发生。下整理的if only虚拟语气用法总结,as if虚拟语气用法归纳,喜欢就收藏一下吧。
  1. if only后的句子用虚拟语气
  if only 与 I wish一样,也是表示与事实相反的愿望的,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:
  If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。
  If only he didn’t drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。
  If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
  注:if only 通常独立使用,没有主句。
  2. as if (as though)从句的虚拟语气
  以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词原形。如:
  He looked at me as if I were mad. 他瞧着我仿佛我疯了似的。
  I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 我记得整个这件事就仿佛是昨天发生的。
  注:从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气:
  It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
  This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。
  在现代英语中,有时即使从句内容不是事实,也可能用陈述语气。如如:
  I feel as if [as though] I’m floating on air. 他感到好像漂浮在空中。
  另外,还要注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译。如:
  It isn’t as if you were going away for good. 又不是你离开不回来了。
without的用法总结,without虚拟语气用法
  同学们都知道,without引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语。下面是整理的without的用法总结,without虚拟语气用法,喜欢就收藏一下吧。
  1. 表示否定,其意为“没有”“无”“不需”。如:
  He went out without his umbrella. 他外出没有带伞。
  I was without anyone to look after my child. 没有人替我照看孩子。
  The letter had been posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。
  若用于否定词no, not, never等之后,则表示肯定,其意为“没有……不”“没有……则不能”“每……必定”。如:
  There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
  Don’t go out without a coat on. 不要没穿外衣就出去。
  They never meet without quarrelling. 他们一见面就争吵。
  What he has said is not without reason. 他说的话不是没有道理。
  2. 其后除可接名词或代词外,也可接动名词。如:
  He walked past me without speaking. 他从我身旁走过,一句话也没说。
  He left without paying his bill. 他没有付账就走了。
  It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他没有告诉我们一声就走了。
  3. 有时表示条件,意为“若无”“若非”。如:
  Without water, we cannot live. 没有水,我们就活不了。
  Can you see without your glasses 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗?
  这样用时,有时还可引出虚拟语气,相当于 but for。如:
  Without your advice I would have failed. 假若没有你的劝告,我想必已失败了。
  I never could have done it without your help. 如果没有你的帮助我永远也不会完成这事。
  4. 后接两个并列成分时,既可用and也可用or,即without A and B与without A or B 同义,相当于without A and without B,同时否定A、B两者。如 :
  We cannot survive for long without food and [or] water. 我们没有食物和水就活不了多久。
  5. 所引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语,表示“没有”。如 :
  He is without bias. 他没有成见。
  You yourself aren’t without blame. 你自己也不是没有责任。
We were without electricity for three hours but it’s on again now. 我们的电停了3小时,现在又有了。
特殊的虚拟语气词:should
1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形, should 可省略。
句型:
    (1)suggested
It is  (2)important    that…+ (should) do
    (3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,  demanded, requested, insisted; + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity,  a shame,  no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
  It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2)在宾语从句中的应用
  在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
  I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
  He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
 注意: 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
  The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 
 判断改错:
 (错) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
  (对)  Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
  (错)  I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
  (对)  I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
  在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
   My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
   I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
高考单项选择真题汇编—情态动词和虚拟语气
2011年高考题
1.(2011全国卷,32)
They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
答案 D
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“他们本该午饭时到达,但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成;can have done可能做过……吗?表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句;must have done一定做过某事,表示对过去事情的肯定推测;should have done本来应该做某事,而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果,说明他们本来该到达却没有到达,因此选D。
2.(2011全国卷II,8)
If you ______ smoke, please go outside.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
答案 C
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“如果你非得要抽烟,请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要,坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求,选C。
3.(2011北京卷,24)
——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him
——Don’t worry. He ______ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
答案 D
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“——我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他?——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。
4.(2011北京卷,28)
——Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
——I wish they ______ always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
答案 A
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了?这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气,题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。
选A。
5.(2011北京卷,30)
Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
答案 C
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科,现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间,if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟,因此使用过去完成时。选C。
6.(2011天津卷,15)
I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
答案 D
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可以早点来,但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间,因此前句是对过去的虚拟,用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达,故选D。
7.(2011上海春招,27)
Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t
答案 B
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustn’t禁止,不允许;won’t不愿意,就是不,偏不,具有主观性;mightn’t可能不;shouldn’t不应该。根据句意选B。
8.(2011江苏卷,34)
——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
答案 B
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是,有人拾到交给了铁路部门。——失而复得,简直难以置信!我是说,本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成,must have done一定做过某事,表示对过去事情的肯定推测,都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事,而实际没做,这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过,语气比较婉转或不肯定,根据句意选B。
9.(2011福建卷,25)
——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now
——I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting .
答案 B
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“——需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗?——恐怕你得这样做,以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句,选B。
10.(2011福建卷,34)
——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I ______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
ed attended attend have attended
答案 D
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“——真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。——我本可以去听的,但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟,用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达,故选D。
11.(2011安徽卷, 26)
——What do you think of store shopping in the future
——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.
A. will never replace B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced
答案 C
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“——你对将来的商店购物怎么看?——我个人认为会与在家购物并存,但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with homeshopping,排除虚拟的选项D,这是表示将来的时间,考虑到被动语态,选C。
12.(2011浙江卷,11)
——How’s your new babysitter
——We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t
答案 D
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“——你的新保姆怎么样?——找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们很喜欢她。”should应该;might可能,可以;mustn‘t禁止;couldn’t不可能。根据句意选D。
13.(2011四川卷,20)
The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they ______.
答案 A
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子,但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。”can可以,能够;may可能,许可;must必须;should应该。根据句意,选A。
14.(2011重庆卷,25)
——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night
—— I wanted to ,but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
答案 C
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“——昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会?——我想来的,但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来。”could可以,能够,表示可能性或用于婉转语气;might可能,表示不确定;would愿意,偏要,表示意志;should应该,表示建议、命令、决定等。根据题意选C。
15.(2011陕西卷,22)
I _____ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
答案 A
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“没有你的慷慨帮助,我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间,对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达,故选A。
16.(2011陕西卷,24)
——Will you read me a story ,Mummy
——OK. You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might B. must C. could D. shall
答案 D
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“——妈妈,可以读一个故事给我听吗?——好的,如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等,题中是母亲对儿子的承诺,故选D。
17.(2011湖南卷,28)
No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
答案 A
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以,能够;need需要;must必须;might可能。故根据题意,选A。
18.(2011辽宁卷,21)
If you ______ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
答案 C
解析:考查情态动词的用法。句意为“如果你非得走话,至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后。”can可以,能够;may 可能,许可;must(表示主张)一定要,坚持要;will将要,愿意。根据后句的劝告,选C。
19.(2011江西卷23)It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A. mustn’t ’t
答案:B
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“不可能是邮递员在门口,才六点钟呢。”mustn’t 禁止,不允许;can’t 不可能;won’t 不愿意,就是不,偏不;needn’t 不需要。根据后一句中“现在仅仅是六点”,only一词肯定语气强烈,前一句为门外的绝不可能是邮递员。故选B。
20.(2011江西卷28)We _____ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put
答案:D
解析:考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤,我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示,yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟,用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达,故选D。

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览