资源简介 2023年初中英语语法精讲之副词分类及词运用程度副词 程度副词的概念: 程度副词用来描述动作、行为或状态程度的副词称为程度副词。 absolutely完全地, almost几乎, amazingly令人惊异地, enormously非常地, enough充足地, entirely完全地, extremely极端地, fairly相当, fully完全地, 如:This task is extremely difficult. 这项任务极其艰难。 You're entirely wrong. 你完全错了。 英语中的“非常”程度副词系列: 1、very: 修饰原级形容词和副词以及完全形容词性化的现在分词或过去分词,如:tired, ashamed, exciting等。 注:1)非形容词性化的分词不能用very修饰,可用much修饰。 例:She is very pleased by his words.(×) She is much pleased by his words.(√) 2)一些不分等级的形容词不能用very修饰,可用 quite(completely)修饰: 例:You are very wrong. (×) You are quite wrong.(√) 3)部分以a开头的形容词不能用very修饰,可用much修饰。 例:She was very afraid of dogs. (×) She was much afraid of dogs. (√) 2、much: 1)修饰动词: 2)修饰介词以及形容词和副词的比较级: 例:The girl is much like her mother. 这女孩非常像她妈妈。 She is much younger than her husband. 她比她丈夫年轻多了。 3)修饰部分以a开头的形容词,如:afraid, awake, alive, ashamed, alone, etc。 3、well: 作“很,非常,相当”讲,主要用来修饰动词、介词短语或用于固定搭配。 例:She was well past thirty at that time. 她那时刚好过了30岁。 His house is over there, well above the other houses. 他的房子在那边,就在其他房子的上方。 I don't know him well. 我不是特别了解他。 The book is well worth reading. 这本书非常值得读。 4、quite: 1)修饰表示绝对意义的形容词或副词,如:sure, certain, possible, impossible, right, wrong, perfect, dead, ready等。 例:I'm quite sure the dog is quite dead. 我非常确信狗确实是死了。 2)修饰动词或名词。 例:She quite likes the bike, but she is not quite ready to buy it. 她非常喜欢自行车,但是她不是特别想买它。 I had quite a time at your party that evening. 那晚我在你的聚会上呆了相当长的时间。 3)可修饰good, well, old, young等个别形容词的比较级。 例:She's feeling quite better today. 她今天感觉好多了。 She looks quite older than before. 她看上去比以前老多了。 5、badly: 表示程度时含有迫切之意,常修饰want, need等动词或表示不良情况的短语。 例:They are badly in need of teachers. 他们急需老师。 She wants to go abroad badly. 她非常想出国。 He was badly wounded. 他受伤很重。 6、enough: 意为“足够地、非常、很”,修饰形容词,副词,动词,但须放在这些词的后面。 例:The meat is not done enough. 肉不是十分熟。 The boy ran fast enough to catch up with the dog. 那男孩跑得非常快,能够跟上那只狗。 7、fast/sound/wide/widely: 这些词用作程度副词,主要用在一些固定搭配中。 例:The baby was fast(sound) asleep. 那孩子很快就睡着了/睡得很香。 She was wide awake at that time. 她在那时非常清醒。 These books are widely different. 这些书非常与众不同。 Opinions vary widely on this subject. 就这一主题各方观点差异很大。 8、nice(good, fine)and+形容词(副词): 例:He was good and tired afterw ork. 他工作后非常累。 The flowers look good and beautiful. 花非常漂亮。 程度副词的特点: 程度副词有于表示程度,常见的如:fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。使用时注意以下几点: (1)程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost等): 如:Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。 This is quite[much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。 注:quite有时也修饰比较级,但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。 (2)有的程度副词(如:quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词,但有的(如:fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词: 如:I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very) 如:We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very) 注:much也可修饰动词,但这通常只限于否定句或疑问句,而不用于肯定陈述句,除非其前有very,too,so等之类的修饰语: 如:She doesn't like him much. 她不太喜欢他。 Does she much like him / Does she like him much 她很喜欢他吗? He likes the film very much. 他很喜欢这部电影。(不能说:He likes the film much.)没有very, too, so等修饰的much有时也可能在肯定句修饰动词,但这只限于regret, admire, prefer, appreciate等少数动词,且此时的much应置于句中,而不是句末: 如:We much appreciate your invitation. 我们非常感激你的邀请。 (3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序): 如:It's quite[rather] a good idea./ It's a quite[rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。 若此结构中没有形容词,则quite和rather则只能放在冠词之前: 如:It was quite[rather]a success. 那事相当成功。 程度副词的用法注意点: (1)exactly程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级(如much,rather等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost等)。 如:This is quite[much] the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。 【说明】quite有时也修饰比较级,但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。 (2)有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词,但有的如fairly, pretty, very等,则不能修饰动词。 如:I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very) 如:We rather like the film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very) (3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)。 如:It's quite[rather] a good idea./ It's a quite[rather] good idea. 那可真是个好主意。 若此结构中没有形容词,则quite和rather则只能放在冠词之前。 如:It was quite[rather] a success. 那事相当成功。时间副词 时间副词的概念: 时间副词除充当状语这一基本的语法功能外,还能够不同程度地充当定语、谓语、宾语等。 常见的时间副词有:now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just 等。 例如:He went to Paris recently. He has just left for school. 时间副词: 1)表示发生时间的副词:now 现在,then 那时,just now 刚才,later 之后,right then 就在那时,right away 立刻 如:Have you got anything on tonight 你今晚有事吗? I have heard from her recently. 我最近收到了她的来信。 2)其他时间副词:already已经,early早,初期 finally 最后,late 晚,迟,first 首先,long 很长时间地, 如:What decision did you finally come to 你们最后做出了什么样的决定? Nancy got up early. 南希很早就起床了。 常见的时间副词: 常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just等。 时间副词在句中的位置: (1)表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末,有时也位于句首: 如:He went home yesterday./Yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。 而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon, recently, suddenly等)则除可用于句末(最常见)或句首外,还可位于句中(通常位于实义动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后): 如:He went to Paris recently./ He recently went to Paris./ Recently he went to Paris. 最后他去了巴黎。 (2)still, already, just等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(等几个表示时间的副词实义动词之前,动词be、助动词、情态动词之后): 如:He's just left for school. 他刚刚去学校。 I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。 still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前: 如:She was still[still was] beautiful at the age of forty. 她到了40岁仍然很美。 I already have told him about it. 我已经把情况告诉他了。 still若用于否定句,则总是位于助动词之前: 如:I still don't understand what you mean. 我还是不明白你的意思。 另外,still和already还可位于句末,表示惊奇: 如:Are you on page one still 你还在看第1页? Is your mother back already 你妈妈就已经回来了? 时间副词的用法: 一、这些副词和词组通常位于句首或句末,在祈使句中及与till短语连用时常放在句末: 如:Eventually he came. He came eventually. 他终于来了。 Then we went home. We went home then. 然后我们回家。 Write today. 今天就写。 I'll wait till tomorrow. 我等到明天。 二、before; early; immediately和late位于句末: 如:He came late. 他来晚了。 I'll go immediately.我马上就走。 三、yet和still(时间副词): 1、yet常常位于动词或动词+宾语之后: 如:He hasn't finished his breakfast yet. 他还没吃完早饭。 如果宾语由许多词组成,yet也可位于动词之前: 如:He hasn't yet applied for the job we told him about. 他还没去申请我们跟他说的那个工作。 2、still位于be动词之后或实义动词之前: 如:She is still in bed. 她还在睡觉。 My father still remembers his first day at school. 我的父亲仍记得他上学的第一天。 Is till think he's the best player. 我仍认为他是最好的选手。地点副词 地点副词的概念: 表示地点的副词和表示位置关系的副词统称为地点副词。常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, up, downstairs, upstairs等。 例如:Can you help to carry this table upstairs 地点副词在句中的位置: 地点副词常放在动词后面,如果是及物动词,一般就放在宾语后面。 如:I remember having seen him somewhere. Wuxia films are popular in China. 地点副词和时间副词并列使用时,一般要把地点副词放在时间副词之前。 如:We had a meeting here yesterday. He did the work carefully here yesterday. 如果地点状语很长时,也可以放在时间状语之后。 如:He was born in 1940 in a small village at the foot of Mount Tai. 地点副词常可以用作表语: 副词可以用作表语,主要是地点副词,时间副词和其他副词有时也可以用作表语。 如:They are inside. 他们在里面。 How long will she be away 她要离开多久? When will you be back 你什么时候回来? You haven't been around much. 你很少到这边来。 He'll be round in an hour. 他一个小时内就到。 Now autumn is in. 秋天来了。 I must be off now. 我得走了。 We are behind in our plan. 我们落在计划后面了。 注:在表示位置关系的副词中,有些副词也可用作介词(如:above, over, beyond, around, below, down, up, in, along, near, off, on, past等),在没有宾语时就是副词,有宾语时就是介词: 如:Comein, please. (副词) They live in the next room.(介词) Let's take along. (副词) Let's walk along this street. (介词) She looked around.(副词) They sat around the table. (介词) Let's go on with the work.(副词) What subject will you speak on (介词)方式副词 方式副词的概念: 方式副词描述事情或情况的进行、存在方式,情绪、动作发生的情况或其细节的副词称方式副词。(方式副词主要用来回答how的提问) 方式副词的特点: 方式副词表示动词的行为方式,许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词,如carefully, happily, quietly, happily, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily等。 方式副词在句中的位置: (1)方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后: 如:He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。 方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间,除非动词后的宾语很长: 不可说:We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.) 但可说:We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。 若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构,方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前,也可位于“介词+宾语”之后,但是该结构的宾语较长,则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前: 如:He looked at me curiously./ He looked curiously at me. 他好奇地打量着我。 He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。 (2)方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间: 如:He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。 He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气,把信撕碎了。 (3)有的方式副词(如:bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化: 如:They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。 They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。 He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。 He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。 (4)有的方式副词(如:gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly等)有时可位于句首,以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中): 如:Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地,司机启动了发动机。疑问副词 疑问副词的概念: 疑问副词用来引导特殊疑问句,表示时间,地点,方式,原因等,常见的有:when, where, how, why等。 疑问副词的特点: 疑问副词有when,where,why,how等,用于引出特殊疑问句: 如:Where do you come from 你是哪里人? When will it beready 这什么时候能准备好? Why was she crying 她刚才为什么哭? 使用疑问副词应注意的几点: (1)疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句,通常位于句首,但有时也不一定: 如:Without friends where are we 没有朋友我们会怎样? (2)疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时,其后应接一般疑问句,但有时可有所省略: 如:Why argue with him 为什么要与跟他争吵? Why not ask the teacher / Why don't you ask the teacher 为什么不问问老师呢? 注:Why或Whynot后接动词原形,不接带to不定式,主要用于现在或将来,不用于过去,如不说:why not tell me yesterday 应改为:Why didn't you tell me yesterday (昨天为什么不告诉我 )(3)有时两个疑问副词连用: 如:When and where were you born 你生于何时何地? 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览