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高考英语选词填空复习
选词填空的考点
1) 词汇方面：以实词为即名词、动词、形容词、副词
2) 语法方面：考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力
3) 逻辑方面：考察上下文联系
选词填空的解题步骤
第一步：整理选项classify the options
我们应该根据词性把选项中的每个单词进行分类归纳标 ，标出它们的词性。
标注词性时注意的问题
1. 不认识的单词看词缀 (更多后缀请看拓展1)
考察：-ive ___________________________________________
-ate ___________________________________________
-acy ___________________________________________
-dom ___________________________________________
-ship ___________________________________________
-some ___________________________________________
名词-ly ___________________________________________
-dom ___________________________________________
-wards ___________________________________________
(形容词)-ly ___________________________________________
-ic, ics ___________________________________________
【keys】
-ive adj 后缀
-ate v. 后缀；表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
-acy n. 后缀；表示"性质，状态，境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
-dom n. 后缀；表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-ship n. 后缀；表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
-some n. 后缀；troublesome, handsome
名词-ly adj. 后缀；manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
-dom n. 后缀；表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
-wards adv. 后缀；out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地
(形容词)-ly adv. 后缀； bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地
-ic, ics n. 后缀；表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
2. 认识的单词要注意一词多性和一词多义。比如display, concern, challenge
对一词多性的考查：
普陀一模：
They 49 farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone.
【keys】解析：farm有名词（农场）和动词（干农活儿）两种词性，此处farm的形式和后面的lived, had是平行结构，应用过去时farmed。
青浦一模：
While both hens and ducks 43 benefit the garden by eating pests...
【keys】解析：benefit一词多性，此处作动词，全句译为：母鸡和鸭子可以通过吃害虫给花园带来益处。
例：a way that 48 mirrors their company standards
【keys】解析：此处译为：反映(mirror)公司水平的方式。
例：employees will get its money 46 back
【keys】解析：get sth. back 译为“拿回…”，back同时可以做动词，有词组：back you up，表示支持。
例：Originally, it 42 favored candidates with a military flight background.
【keys】解析：favor在这里作动词，表示“支持”。
例1：In March the 42 release of a large-scale, 24-year survey gave one of the clearest pictures yet of the decline of Australian and Asian shorebirds
【keys】解析：release既可以做名词还可以做动词，此处做名词，表示“发布”。
例2：...including the long-distance migrants (候鸟) that are most difficult to 43 monitor .
【keys】解析：monitor做名词表示“班长”，做动词表示“监管”，此处做动词用。
例1：This allows the hospital to work more effectively than if we only 48 approach problems one way.
【keys】解析：approach 做名词表示“方法；途径；接近”，做动词表示“接近；着手处理”，此处做动词用，表示“着手处理”
例2：Having more male nurses will help create a positive 49 balance between male and female staff,
【keys】解析：balance既是名词也是动词，都表示“平衡”，此处做名词用。
对一词多义的考查：
例：Ducks are immune to some 41 common diseases found in hens.
【keys】解析：common disease 翻译成“常见疾病”，common同时可以译成“共同的”例如： common goal。
例：He 42 conducted good research on the company’s core business.
【keys】解析：conduct 进行；导电；指挥，conduct在这里译为“进行、做”。
例：Errors and uncertainties 42 multiply , cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features,
【keys】解析：multiply大家熟悉的意思是乘法，本句考查增加，增多的意思。
例：Male nurses can be a great help in keeping patients 46 still while they receive painful treatment
【keys】解析：still有“.静止的、不动的。仍然”的意思，此处表示“不动的”。
3. 动词归类要细分为v，v-ed, v-ing。
【注意】分词在句中可以做:定语，表语，宾语补足语，状语。
例:
Do you know the man _______(stand) over there
Have you read the book _______(write) by Zhang Ming
The news he told us is_______(inspire).
They are ________(satisfy) with their present job.
He heard his name______(call).
Listen to the little birds ________(sing) beautifully in the garden.
_______(see) the professor, the students smiled and said good morning to him.
________(see) from the top of the hill, the village looks more beautiful.
【keys】
standing 做定语
written 做定语
inspiring 做表语
satisfied 做表语
called 做补语
singing 做补语
Seeing 做状语
Seen 做状语
（1）对分词的考查
例：Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, while computers operate at
42 lightning speed.
【keys】解析：本句考查现在分词作定语的用法，lighting speed形容光速或极快的速度。
例1：Chances are you’ll see plenty of them with their heads down, tapping the screens of their tablets or 41texting on their smartphones.
【keys】解析：本句中的texting 与tapping都是现在分词作伴随状语的用法。
例2：When using a tablet, use a case that can back up the device at comfortable 49 viewing angle.
【keys】解析： viewing与comfortable共同作前置定语修饰angle。(viewing现在分词表主动)。
例：And why even the smartest people get taken in by fake but 50 touching stories.
【keys】解析：本句中的touching为现在分词作前置定语的用法。
例：When 47 raising ducks, one has to consider just how many the land will support.
【keys】解析：本题考查的是现在分词作时间状语的用法。
例：Though their friendship had not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann’s 45 unexpected death.
【keys】解析：本题考查过去分词作前置定语的用法。”unexpected death”表示令人意想不到的死讯”。
例：If there is someone or something you dislike, you are still 45 limited , and your ability to give advice is reduced.
【keys】解析：本句中的limited为过去分词作表语的用法。
例：Most 43 complicated ideas and long sentences are avoided while symbols or abbreviations（缩写）are preferred instead.
【keys】解析：本题考查的是过去分词作前置定语。
例：While these folks may be making good use of their time by staying 42 connected , their bodies are paying a heavy price for such convenience.
【keys】解析：本句中中的stay为系动词，后面的connected为过去分词作表语。
第二步：通读全文
通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90% 的内容。选词填空的选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还有干扰项，一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意横线前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。
提醒：通读就是根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓出文章的主题。
判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义。
第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选
我们在选择时，根据所掌握的英语语法规则来初步确定每个空应填词汇的词性，缩小选择范围。然后，根据上下文的内在逻辑结构和语言知识储备选择合适的选项填空。
1. 如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性：
（1）动词的确定：一个句子有且只有一个谓语; 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。(判断动词时，可以从谓语和非谓语进行区分，如果是作谓语，结合主谓一致、时态语态、固定搭配及词义进行辨析从而缩小范围)
a. 前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）；
b. 空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；
c. 空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；
e. 不定式to后为动词原形，介词to后面为动名词；
f. 情态动词后面为动词原形；
g. 空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词。
（2.）名词的确定： （名词、动名词）
a. 名词主要做主语、宾语;
b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词;
c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词;
d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语;
e. 介词后面必有名词或相当与名词的词.
（3.）形容词的确定： （可以是形容词、过去分词及现在分词）
a.名词的前面或后面。
b.副词的后面。
c.系动词或be动词后面。
（4.）副词的确定：
a.动词的附近（指前面或后面）。
b.形容词的前面。
c.句子结构完整，不缺成份。
2. 运用逻辑和语言知识储备解题
（1）运用逻辑关系
在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来确定出一些答案。
常见的逻辑关系词如下：
1) 并列关系：and , or, as well as 等
2) 转折，对比关系：but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等
3) 比较关系：as…as , like , similar 等
4) 因果关系：because , for , since , as a result of , therefore , thus 等
5) 举例关系：for example , for instance , such as ， and so on 等
6) 递进关系：and , what’s more , moreover , in addition 等
（2）调用知识储备
根据固定搭配或语感主动发现缺失信息，然后正确匹配
在平时的阅读中多多积累固定搭配：
例:
例：Here are some tips to 44maximize your chances of getting a job.
【keys】解析：固定搭配：maximize the chances of，译为最大化做某事的可能性。
例：classes that are 41relevant to their position
【keys】解析：与他们职位相关的等级，词组是be relevant to。
例：but also find unique ways to 41 distinguish themselves from the harsh competition.
【keys】解析：这里需要一个动词原形，填distinguish和from搭配，表示“区别”。
例：...so that the students may 46 refer to these points for reflection or further research.
【keys】解析：这里需要一个动词原形，和to搭配，表示“参考”。
第四步：复核检查，定结果
复读全文，填空完成后，再次复读全文，自我感觉上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑关系是否连贯。如有问题也需要谨慎的微作调整。
【拓展1】常用的后缀
（1.） 名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示"性质，状态，境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示"性质，状态，程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示"行为，结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，
17-grapy, 表示"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy
（2.） 形容词后缀
1) -able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
（3.） 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
（4.） 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE)：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地)；like→likewise同样地
-wards：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地
【拓展2】选项高频词汇
名词：cultivation; aircraft; consequence; competitor; investment; loyalty; prediction; applicant; specialty; concept; angle; position; philosophy; candidate; background; alteration
动词：plunge; reveal; count; extend; realize; allow; maximize; distinguish; contribute; expose; refer; obtain; divide; conceal; multiply; calculate
形容词：constant; precious; uncomfortable; enthusiastic; relevant; unconditional; initial; basic; cultural;
extraordinary; private; complicated; suitable; instant; dependent; flexible; proper; responsible; extinct; embarrassing; accurate
副词：repeatedly; carefully; properly; doubly; enormously; merely; regularly; normally; virtually; annually; equally; efficiently; physically
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