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2023届上海市部分区高三英语二模试题分类汇编
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2023届上海市宝山区高考二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Digital health refers to the system of interconnecteddevices that can monitor and report important healthinformation. Doctors can then use that informationto ensure that your treatment is tailor-made to yoursituation.
The most useful aspect of digital health is the abilityto constantly and accurately monitor vital information. Wearable devices can record your blood pressure orthe rhythm of your heartbeat. The information is thenaccessible remotely through the internet, so your doctorhas a wealth of information about your daily health. Your doctor can then use that information remotely tomake changes to your treatment at any time.
A survey conducted by the company Lightico inMarch 2020, reveals how satisfied consumers are withthis type of remote care. Forty-one percent said thatthe remote treatment they had received by means ofdigital devices and the internet was either"good"or"excellent. "The same positive attitude toward digitalhealth can be seen among investors. In the first quarterof 2020, US$3. 1 billion in new investments poured intothe digital health industry, setting a new investmentrecord.
Much of the excitement is connected close with the use ofvoice technology in digital health care. Today, around2. 5 billion devices have voice interfaces(界面) like Alexa, which enable the devices to produce and understandspeech. As a result, users can communicate with thesedevices about their health needs by speaking insteadof typing on a computer. Seniors, for example, canuse Alexa to check their daily schedules and receivereminders to take their medicine.
Advances in digital health, however, also bringprivacy concerns. Information regarding your healthcould be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, protecting yourinformation from theft and unauthorized use might bedifficult. But if managed properly, the benefits ofdigital health could certainly outweigh the risks.
What is this article mainly about
The current state of health care training
Health conditions that need urgent attention
A technological trend in health care
Rising pressure on health care workers
According to this article, what happened during the firstthree months of 2020
A growing number of digital devices were recalled.
Funding for digital health increased considerably.
Some digital health firms nearly went out of business.
Many institutions devoted effort to medical research.
What does this article explain about Alexa's features
How they make workers efficient
How they can benefit the elderly
How they save instructors time
How they entertain youngsters
59. According to this article, what is one concern aboutdigital health
Worries about the side effects caused by modern drugs
Rising manufacturing costsin the health care industry
Government regulations limiting the use of digitaldevices
The danger that personal health data couldbestolen
( B )
60. What does Camilla have to say about salesin her region
They've improved.
They've gone down.
They've stayed the same.
They've exploded.
Why does Bob think commercials via socialmedia is a better use of money
Because it doesn't take as much effort to use.
Because fewer people are used tosocial media.
Because of how cool the companywill appear.
Because of their target audience's preference.
62. According to the passage, what aspect of the ads is especially effective
A. It shows a lot of different emotions.
B. It appeals to people's emotions.
C. It contains a very simple message.
D. It conveys some subtle ideas.
(C)
Far below every town and city lies an invisible network ofpipes crucial to the lives of their residents. Once waterdisappears down a pipe or toilet, people rarely thinkabout what happens to it. It's out of sight, out of mind. Thewater flows into pipes that carryexcess rainwater, wastewater and solid waste away, keeping the city clean.
There are three main types of sewers (下水道):sanitary (卫生的) sewers, stormsewers and combined sewers. Taipei has both sanitaryand storm sewers where rainwater and sewage are collectedusing different pipes.
This sewer system functions as a city's veins (静脉). Water containing human and industrial wasteis collected in sanitary sewers and conveyedto sewage treatment plants, the heart of thesewer system, where waste is treated. There, the solid waste is separated from the water, which is then cleaned before being releasedback into the environment. It will be reused forindustrial, agricultural or environmental purposesor to produce energy. Furthermore, the mud and gas from sewage treatment can be usedto produce energy. They not only contributeto a healthy environment and good quality oflife, but also achieve the goal of sustainabledevelopment.
While wastewater collection andtreatment are critical to the health of urbanresidents, storm sewers also play animportant role in the city. Green space hasgiven way to concrete during the island'srapid development and extensive buildingprojects over the past few decades. As aconsequence, there has been a loss of theland's natural water as concretecannot absorb rainwater. When an extremeweather event like a severe storm or typhoon brings heavy rain, storm sewers mustcope with the water, so it does not flood thecity. However, storm sewers are only partof the measures for water management andflood prevention.
To reduce flooding, an integrated urbandrainage management plan has beenadopted, where all the factors-stormsewers, land planning and economicdevelopment-are considered together. Engineering innovations, additional flooddischarge facilities and increased green spacerequirements in new development projects haveimproved water maintaining in cities.
Who knew that sewers help improve urbanpublic health, prevent urban flooding and boostenvironmental protection Together they protectvital water resources and maintain the safety ofpeople and property.
According to the passage, the word "excess" in the first paragraph probably means______.
useless B. polluted C. extra D. processed
According to the passage, what does the city build two kinds of sewers for
To test wastewater timely and to develop rapidly.
To treat wastewater and to fight against flooding.
To form a circulation and to clean the city.
To clean wastewater and to manage water.
What can we conclude from the passage
What is unseen is as important as what is seen.
There are three types of sewers in every city.
People build sewer system because of concrete.
Sewers are usually repaired every few decades.
What would be the proper title for the passage
A City’s Underground Construction
A City’s Hidden Network
How A City Operates Well
Two Aspects of A City or Town
2023届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Growing up, I understood one thing about my dad: He knew everything. This was our relationship, in sum: I asked him questions and he told me the answers. When I moved out on my own, I called him at least once a week, usually when something broke in my apartment and I needed to know how to fix it: the toilet, the air-conditioning…
But then, eventually, I needed him less. I got married, and my husband had most of the knowledge I lacked about water heaters and nondestructive insect removal. For everything else, we had the Internet. I don’t know when it happened, but our conversations when I called declinedto six words. Me: “Hi, Dad. ” Him: “Hi, sweets. Here’s Mom. ” I loved my dad, of course, but I wondered at times if maybe he had already shared everything I needed to know.
Then, this past summer, my husband, our four kids, and I moved in with my parents for three weeks while our house was being repaired. They own a lake house, and Dad asked me to help him rebuild the bulkhead at their dock(码头的舱壁). It was hard labor. But as we put the new bulkhead together piece by piece, my dad knowing exactly what went where, I looked at him. “How do you know how to build a bulkhead ”
The heavy mallet (木槌)he was swinging paused in midair. “I spent a summer in college building them on the Jersey Shore. ” “You did ” I thought I knew everything about my dad—all his random jobs. I knew about the apple farm, the summer at the hot sauce manufacturing plant, and even the diner line-cook position, where he learned how to make the best omelet in the world. But I never knew this.
“Yep. Now let me teach you how to use this saw. ”
As he explained the importance of not bending too low, I realized that maybe it’s not that there’s nothing left to say. Maybe it’s just that I’ve spent my life asking him the wrong questions.
A few weeks later, after my family and I moved back into our renovated house, I called my parents. Dad answered. “Hi, sweets, ” he said. “Here’s Mom. ” “Wait, Dad, ” I said. “How are you ” We ended up talking about the consulting job he was working on, a new battery he’d bought for his sailboat, a refinance my husband and I were looking into to relieve our home loan. Nothing life-changing. To anyone else, it would sound like a normal conversation between a dad and his daughter.
But to me, it was novel. A new beginning. I spent the first part of my life needing to talk to my dad. Now I talk to him because I want to.
56. Why did the author’s conversations with her dad become shorter over time
A. She got married and didn’t have time to talk.
B. Her dad became less talkative as he got older.
C. She realized that her dad didn’t know everything.
D. She felt that she needed less help from her father.
57. What did the author find while living with her parents this past summer
A. Her father was quite talkative.
B. Her father was keen on making things by himself.
C. She didn’t know as much about her father as she had thought.
D. She didn’t notice her father was aged and needed her assistance.
58. Why did the author call her dad after she moved back into her renovated house
A. To learn more about her father’s past experiences.
B. To catch up and try to have a normal conversation.
C. To ask for help with more household repairing tips.
D. To thank him for letting her and her family stay with him.
59. Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A. DIY with my dad: Learning to be independent
B. From fixing toilets to building bulkheads: Changing my lifestyle
C. Reconnecting with my father: A lesson in asking the right questions
D. Lessons in self-sufficiency: How Google replaced my dad’s knowledge
(B)
The term “seal” is often used to refer to both seals and sea lions, but there are several characteristics that set seals and sea lions apart.
Seals and sea lions are both in the order Carnivora and suborder Pinnipedia, thus they are called “pinnipeds. ” Pinnipeds are mammals that are well-adapted for swimming. They usually have a streamlined barrel shape(桶形) and four flippers at the end of each limb(四肢). They also give birth to live young and nurse their young. Pinnipeds are protected by a thick layer of fat under their skin and fur to keep them warm in water. There are three families of pinnipeds: the Phocidae, the earless or true seals; the Otariidae, the eared seals, and the Odobenidae, the walruses.
Characteristics of Phocidae (Earless or True Seals)
Earless seals have no visible ear flaps, although they still have ears, which may be visible as a dark spot or small hole on the side of their head.
“True” seals:
Have no external ear flaps.
Swim with their hind flippers. Their hind flippers always face backward and are furred.
Have front flippers that are short, furry and thick in appearance.
Can be found in both marine and freshwater environments.
Characteristics of Otariidae (Eared Seals, Including Fur Seals and Sea Lions)
One of the most noticeable features of eared seals is their ears, but they also move around differently than true seals.
Eared seals:
Have external ear flaps.
Are only found in marine environments.
Swim with their front flippers. Unlike earless seals, their hind flippers can turn forward, and they are able to walk, and even run, on their flippers. The “seals” you may see performing at marine parks are often sea lions.
May gather in larger groups than true seals. Sea lions are much more vocal than true seals, and make a variety of loud, barking noises.
Characteristics of Walruses
Wondering about walruses, and how they differ from seals and sea lions Walruses are pinnipeds, but they are in the family, Odobenidae. One obvious difference between walruses, seals and sea lions is that walruses are the only pinnipeds with tusks—a pair of long pointed teeth. These tusks are present in both males and females.
Other than tusks, walruses have some similarities to both seals and sea lions. Like true seals, walruses don’t have visible ear flaps. But, like eared seals, walruses can walk on their flippers by rotating their hind flippers under their body.
60. According to the passage, which of the following statements about pinnipeds is true
A. Pinnipeds are good swimmers.
B. Pinnipeds are afraid of cold weather.
C. Pinnipeds are of the Phocidae family.
D. Seals and sea lions are pinnipeds, while walruses are not.
61. One way to distinguish a sea lion and a true seal is that __________.
A. the sea lion cannot play ball B. the true seal cannot hear well
C. the sea lion doesn’t have ear flaps D. the true seal can’t walk with hind flippers
62. Which of the following picture best illustrates a walrus
A. B.
C. D.
(C)
The curb cut (下斜路缘). It’s a convenience that most of us rarely, if ever, notice. Yet, without it, daily life might be a lot harder—in more ways than one. Pushing a baby stroller onto the curb, skateboarding onto a sidewalk or taking a full grocery cart from the sidewalk to your car—all these tasks are easier because of the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpose in mind.
It’s hard to imagine today, but back in the 1970s, most sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drop-off. That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps(斜坡)to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”. So, activists from Berkeley, California, who also needed wheelchairs, organized a campaign to create tiny ramps at intersections to help people dependent on wheels move up and down curbs independently.
I think about the “curb cut effect” a lot when working on issues around health equity (公平). The first time I even heard about the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanford Social Innovation Review piece by PolicyLink CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity “as a zero-sum game. ” Basically, that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another. ”What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins. ”
There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example, investing in policies that create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society—and that benefits everyone. Even the football huddle (围成一团以秘密商讨) was initially created to help deaf football players at Gallaudet College keep their game plans secret from opponents who could have read their sign language. Today, it’s used by every team to shield the opponent from learning about game-winning strategies.
So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us.
63. By “might as well have been Mount Everest” (paragraph 3), the disability rights leader implies that a six-inch curb may become __________.
A. as famous as the world’s highest mountain
B. an almost impassable barrier
C. a connection between people
D. a most unforgettable matter
64. According to Angela Blackwell, many people believe that __________.
A. it’s fair to give the disadvantaged more help than others
B. it’s impossible to have everyone be treated equally
C. it’s necessary to go all out to help the disabled
D. it’s not worthwhile to promote health equity
65. Which of the following examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle
A. Spaceflight designs are applied to life on earth.
B. Four great inventions of China spread to the west.
C. Christopher Columbus discovered the new world.
D. Classic literature got translated into many languages.
66. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
A. Everyday itemsare originally invented for people with disabilities.
B. Everyone in a society should pursue what is in his or her interest.
C. Adisability rights leader changed the life of his fellow men.
D. Caring for disadvantaged groups may finally benefit all.
2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I was putting on my boots just now in what the novelists call “a brown study.” There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject. It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.
But what has this to do with putting on my boots It is a reasonable question and I will tell you. For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care. But the more I sharpened my pencils, the more anxious I grew about the theme for an article.
It was at this moment that I remembered my boots. The act of bending my body changed the current of the blood. You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on.
The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me. The thing couldn’t be done. And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.”
36. By “It is not poverty you suffer from, but an embarrassment of riches.” in paragraph 1, the author means _____.
A. some subjects are too complicated or embarrassing to write on
B. poverty is no longer a problem nowadays, but embarrassment is
C. poor people don’t encounter as many embarrassments as the rich
D. there’re so many subjects that it’s hard to decide which to choose
37. Why did the author sharpen his pencils with great care
A. To help himself promote thinking. B. To draw what he saw out of the window.
C. To write his article more smoothly. D. To relieve himself of anxiety about writing.
38. Putting on the boots helped the author _____.
A. get rid of his fixed habit B. lower his blood pressure
C. see things from a new angle D. free his preoccupied mind
39. The passage is mainly about the author’s _____.
A. personal attitude towards habits B. daily routines as a professional writer
C. writing process of a special article D. decision making on the theme for an article
(B)
HOW WE HELP welldoing.org is an independent therapy (治疗) directory and information resource for people who want to enhance their health and wellbeing. Our aim is to help you find professional experts to support you, whatever the issues you or your family are dealing with in your life right now.
How to find a therapist or coach using welldoing.org There are various ways to find a therapist, counsellor (顾问) or coach on welldoing.org and the best route will depend on how much help you need. From a simple postcode search to a personal matching service, we can help you find the right professional to see in person or online.
Quick search If you know what type of therapy or type of coaching you are looking for, use the quick search options page to search by type of therapy or coaching and then postcode. You can leave the location box blank to search for online therapists and coaches.
Questionnaire (问卷) If you aren’t sure exactly what you are looking for, our easy-to-use questionnaire will take you through a handful of questions to give you the top selections of suitable therapists in your area of choice.
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1. Tell us about yourself Answer a few quick questions to help us match you to the right therapist or counsellor for your needs, budget and goals. This will only take 5 minutes. 2. We find your therapist Our mental health expert will review your profile and search our database of certificated professionals to find the therapist who best fits your requirements. 3. We book a session Once the match is approved, we'll make a booking that suits you. And if you are not happy with your first session, we'll find another match for free. If we don't find your perfect match within 5 attempts, you get your money back.
40. The website welldoing.org mainly aims to _____.
A. guide people to find suitable experts to improve welfare
B. help people find out their own personalised requirements
C. offer people good approaches to dealing with family issues
D. provide information on how to enhance health and wellbeing
41. The website provides _____ options for people to choose from to get what they need.
A. one B. two C. three D. four
42. What can be learned about the personalised matching service
A. You need to pay 66 pounds to the tailored therapist for the service.
B. You can claim a refund if you fail to find a satisfying match after 5 attempts.
C. The matches are arranged by certificated professionals to your special needs.
D. The result of your assessment will be kept secret from the matched therapist.
(C)
Gentle sound stimulation, also known as pink noise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in older adults and improve their ability to recall words, a new study has found.
Deep sleep is critical for memory consolidation. However, beginning in middle age, deep sleep decreases substantially, which scientists believe contributes to memory loss in aging. The sound stimulation significantly enhanced deep sleep in participants and their scores on a memory test. “This is an innovative, simple and safe non-medication approach that may help improve brain health,” said Phyllis Zee, professor at Northwestern University in the US. “This is a potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and attenuating normal age-related memory decline,” said Zee.
Zee and a team of researchers gathered 13 adults, 60 and older, and monitored their sleep in a lab for two nights. On both nights, the participants took a memory test, went to bed while wearing headphones and a special cap, and took another memory test in the morning. But without the participants’ awareness, researchers only played pink noise into the headphones on one night. More specifically, they timed the sounds to match the participants’ slow-wave oscillations. During deep sleep, brain waves slow to about one oscillation per second, compared to about ten oscillations per second during wakefulness. The system they employed in the study allowed the team to deliver a low burst of pink noise at the “precise moment” when the participants’ slow waves rose — a pattern that is unique to each person.
The study found that participants’ slow waves increased after the night of sound stimulation, suggesting that they were getting more deep sleep. And on the morning after hearing pink noise, they performed three times better on memory tests than they did after sleeping without any sound stimulation.
Previous research showed pink noise during deep sleep could improve memory consolidation in young people. But it has not been tested in older adults. The new study targeted older individuals and used a novel sound system that increased the effectiveness of the sound stimulation in older populations.
The study was a relatively small one, so further research is needed to confirm its findings and to study how longer-term use of pink noise affects sleep. But Northwestern has taken steps to patent the researchers’ technology, which seems to have hit upon a way to stimulate slow waves at the right moment. The team hopes to develop an affordable device that people can use at home, from the comfort of their beds.
43. The new study mainly reveals that _____.
A. deep sleep consolidates old adults’ memory
B. pink noise boosts memory among the elderly
C. sleep disorders play a key role in memory loss
D. sound stimulation increases the length of sleep
44. The word “attenuating” in the second paragraph most probably means _____.
A. worsening B. reversing C. slowing down D. bringing about
45. What can be learned about the new study
A. It employed a sound system programmed in step with brain waves.
B. It compared the effects on older adults and on younger populations.
C. It repeated the experiment several times without the participants’ notice.
D. It adjusted the participants’ slow-wave oscillations to match the stimulations.
46. It can be inferred that the approach used in the study _____.
A. may put old adults in risk in the long run
B. has the potential to be applied in practice
C. requires an innovative and affordable device
D. needs Northwestern’s patent for confirmation
2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
When I step out onto the deck, I definitely feel the Arctic chill. That’s not surprising. I’m a good hundred miles inside the Arctic Circle; in fact, you can’t get much farther north and still be in Sweden. This is Abisko Mountain Station, perhaps the crown jewel of the Swedish mountain lodges (小屋). I’m back for a second time to this remote, scenic spot.
Last Autumn, a heavy snowstorm trapped me in my tent for days and eventually forced me to go to the station, a comfortable place. I discovered a different side to Abisko. People come here for many reasons – some to hike, some to climb, some to cross-country ski. But there’s yet another entirely different attraction here. Looking out from the deck of the train station, above a huge lake, in the upper sky of the North Pole, the Aurora, as we often refer to the northern light, mixed with green and red, was giving off ghostly light, rolling across the dark night sky.
The Aurora may be old hatto those who live this far north, but for the rest of us it is an unforgettable experience. The lights here were so appealing to us we quickly forgot the discomfort of the cold.
One of the attractions in Abisko is the Tornetrask. It’s a huge lake, which extends more than 70 kilometres long just north of the station, creates an unusual weather phenomenon that keeps the skies above the station clear even when fog or clouds blanket most of northern Sweden. The sky in this area is mostly clear all year around.
Abisko has a lot to offer to make it an ideal place to view the Aurora. It is far from any city lights. The station operates a ski lift to the top of Nuolja Peak, more than 3, 000 feet high. For the first time this year, a cafe at the top of the mountain has been turned into a viewing platform for the Northern Lights, called the Aurora Sky Station. Also, the station posts forecasts each night of expected Aurora activity, collected from scientific observations arriving via computer, so visitors may choose the best viewing time.
56. What was the reason for the author’s first visit to the lodge
A. He went there in search of the Aurora. B. He needed equipment to keep him warm.
C. He was forced there by the weather. D. He had to make his food supply there.
57. The phrase “old hat” in 3rd paragraph probably mean “________”.
A. severe and struggling B. familiar and unexciting
C. strange and shocking D. mysterious and adventurous
58. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT a factor that makes Abisko an
ideal place to view the Aurora
A. There is a mountain viewing platform. B. Weather forecasts are available.
C. There are no city lights nearby. D. There is a café shop there.
59. The author’s overall opinion of Abisko is that ________.
A. despite the severe weather, it’s an impressive place
B. people have overestimated its popularity
C. it’s not as popular as it deserves to be
D. the cold weather worsens the Aurora viewing experience there
(B)
(You may read the questions first. )
Four types of learners Type A Learner People in this group adapt observations into complex but logical theories. They think problems through in a logical way. They tend to be perfectionists who won’t rest easy until everything is reasonable. They like to analyze and are keen on basic principles and theories. They pay great attention to logic, so questions they frequently ask are: “ ________________ ”, and “How does this go with that ”. They tend to be objective, approaching problems in a consistently logical manner. This is their “mental set” and they reject anything that conflicts with it. They prefer to maximize certainty and feel uncomfortable with subjective judgements. Type B Learner These people are keen on trying out ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work in practice. They positively search out new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with applications. They want to try out the new ideas in the courses in practice. They also tend to be impatient with random discussions, and their attention soon begins to wander if they feel they are going round in circles. They are practical, down to earth and like making practical decisions and solving problems. They see problems and opportunities as a challenge, and their philosophy is: “There is always a better way” and “If it works, it’s good”. Type C Learner People in this group involve themselves fully in new experiences. They are open-minded, and this tends to make them enthusiastic about anything new. Their philosophy is: “I’ll try anything once”, so they tend to act first and consider the consequences afterwards. Their days are filled with activities. As soon as the excitement from one activity has died down they are busy looking for the next, as they are only interested in gaining new experiences but are bored with carrying out their plans and they lack perseverance. They constantly involve themselves with others but, in doing so, they seek to center all activities around themselves. Type D Learner They collect data, both first-hand and from others, and prefer to think about it thoroughly before coming to a conclusion. The thorough collection and analysis of data about experiences and events is what counts so they tend to postpone making definitive judgments for as long as possible. Their philosophy is to be cautious. They like to consider all possible angles before making a move, and will be reluctant to become involved in activities that others put forward without having carefully considered the likely outcome.
60. Which of the following can be put into the blank in the first paragraph
A. Do we need more experiments B. Do you understand me
C. Do you believe the theory D. Does it make sense
61. Suppose John is a person with fresh ideas and willing to check everything out to see what happens. Which type of learner is John
A. Type A Learner B. Type B Learner C. Type C Learner D. Type D Learner
62. Which of the following is NOT true about Type D learner
A. They are keen on making immediate conclusion.
B. Their conclusion comes after data analysis.
C. They outline a possible outcome before taking an activity.
D. They prefer not to give out their viewpoints randomly.
(C)
In recent years, a lot of “business thinking” books have been published, all of which search for new answers on how to run organizations effectively. Obliquity tells us that the most profitable companies are not the most aggressive in chasing profits. Wikinomics demonstrates new models of production based on community and collaboration. Peter Miller’s new book, Smart Swarm, however, challenge leaders to think differently. He studied creatures, like bees and ants and he found their habits, actions and instincts can be applied to business. Miller believes his book is the first time anyone has explained the science behind management theory. “The examples of how ant colonies(蚁群) or beehives(蜂窝) work are appealing models for organizations and systems that can be applied in a business context, ” he says.
So how exactly can bees help run organizations “By the way they work independently before they work together, ” Miller says. “Picture a huge beehive hanging on a tree, with about 5, 000 bees competing for space. They know their population is getting too big, leaving them unsafe. They must all agree to find a new home. In today’s business environment, managers need to be able to make the right decisions under intense pressure. Yet, it is clear that some of the best-paid leaders in some of the biggest organizations can get it dramatically wrong. How is it that they can fail to make efficient business decisions when a large group of bees can make a critical decision about their hive in just a few seconds ”
According to Miller, “swarm theory” can help managers in three simple steps: discover, test and evaluate. The bees first realize they have a problem. They then fly into the neighborhood to find potential new sites. They come back and perform a “dance” to get other bees to follow them. Eventually, the bees with the best dance attract the most votes – and a decision is made. Miller says. “The bee example tells you that you need to seek out diversity in your team. You need to have a way of gathering up quite different ideas so you can make sure you pick the right one. ”
Ants, in addition, can help businesses organize workflow and people. In an ant colony, there is no leader. Ants are self-organized, and respond to their environment and each other. One ant on its own could not raid (袭击) a kitchen cupboard, but one ant telling the next one that it’s worth following him to find food ends up creating a food chain. “In an ant colony, you get the right number going in and out searching for food, you get the right number taking care of the babies, ” Miller says. “As a manager, this can tell you that your hierarchy (等级制度) is getting in the way of getting the work done. ”
63. Miller believes his book differs from other “business thinking” books because ________.
A. it focuses on maximizing profits B. it supports the theory with evidence
C. it corrects faults in similar books D. it justifies the previous theory
64. In the second paragraph, the author indicates that the behavior of bees can show managers
how to ________.
A. make up for wrongly made decisions B. justify exactly what the real problem is
C. draw the correct conclusions quickly D. keep the team safe under great pressure
65. According to the “swarm theory”, managers need to ________.
A. regard decision-making as a cooperative process
B. persuade others to follow your ways of thinking
C. accept different ideas and keep them balanced
D. pick out a right person to make the final decision
66. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Leadership skills can be developed through practical work.
B. Employees work more efficiently when organized by leaders.
C. Strengthened hierarchy is the guarantee of work efficiency.
D. Employees should be allowed to make their own decisions.
2023届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When I was so small that my head barely touched the windowsill, we lived in the evergreen forests of Vermont. Our home was far, far away from any town or city, but that was the way we liked it.
Some winters, it got so cold that the river would freeze, which was unusual for water like that, water which ran so fast and deep. It felt as though time had stopped near the river, and so it had decided to become solid, settling in to wait for spring. We liked to skate on that river, my grandfather and I, even though the ice was uneven and his brown leather skates was so old.
One night, in the most frigid winter my young mind could recall, long after I should have been asleep, I caught my grandfather sneaking out of the front door, his ancient leather skates in his hands. He looked sheepish when he saw me, like I had caught him doing something silly, but I was so young that I thought no adult could ever do wrong. Especially not my grandfather, because he was the model of wisdom in my eyes.
“Grandpa, where are you going ” I asked.
“Skating on the river.”
“Why would you go out now We did that yesterday morning.”
He looked a little thoughtful, and then he said: “It’s just that when you go out there, on the coldest, stillest night of the year, and you lie on your back on the thick, bubbled river ice, you can hear them.”
“Hear who ”
“The fish. Trapped there under the ice. You can hear them singing their watery winter song. And if you hold your breath, you can almost hear the stars singing in harmony.”
The underlined word “sheepish” is closest in meaning to “____________”.
quiet B. calm C. frightened D. embarrassed
Why did my grandfather sneak out that cold midnight
To enjoy the charm of a peaceful night.
To perfect his skating skills by practice.
To catch the fish trapped under the ice.
To breathe the fresh air in the forest.
What can we infer from the passage
It was unusual for a fast-flowing river to freeze in midwinter.
My grandfather and I enjoyed skating because of the uneven ice.
I admired my grandfather for his wisdom and outlook on life.
I was glad to hear the stars singing together with my grandfather.
The author writes the passage mainly to ____________.
describe the joy of living in a mountainous area
highlight how embracing nature can purify us
keep record of the carefree childhood memories
explain why skating is such an appealing sport
(B)
New big pack from Sierra Designs The latest pack from Sierra Designs is the Gigawatt 60L. The pack has an adjustable back system that fits back lengths from 40cm to 53cm. It’s made from durable 300D polyester. Features include a zipped top and side access, oversized side and front pockets. The Gigawatt 60L weighs 1.84kg and costs 130. Scarpa upgrades its Maestrale boots Maestrale Re-Made ski boots are made from Polymer taken from around three tons of leftover materials. Creating a Re-Made boot from Polymer emits 27% less carbon dioxide than creating a ‘classic’ boot from plant-based Pebax Rnew, which emits 32% less carbon dioxide than Fossil-based Plastics. The design and manufacturing process behind the Re-Made boot were developed by Scarpa’s Green Lab, the production department dedicated to sustainable solutions. A pair costs 500. scarpa.co.uk / ellis-
Vasque Breeze gets sustainable update The well-established Vasque Breeze hiking boot has been modernised with environmentally friendly materials. It’s now made with recycled polyester and is the first boot to have a VasqueDry Waterproof membrane, which is made from 25% recycled materials. The Breeze is also comfortable to wear with its soft footbed. The Breeze weighs 1120 grams and comes in two widths. It costs 140. The North Face launches new ski touring clothing The Dawn Turn clothing provides a layering system for ski touring designed to keep you warm, dry and freely moving. It includes a shell jacket, midlayers, trousers and accessories. The Dawn Turn 2.0 jacket won the innovation award at ISPO for its breathable layer. The cost is 350. The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket is made from waterproof DryVent. It features a windproof hood and oversized front pockets, and costs 325. thenorthface.co.uk
60. The target readers of the passage are probably ______________.
A. The ski athletes B. The outdoor lovers
C. The environmentalists D. The sports retailers
61. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage
A. Both kinds of boots mentioned in the passage have two different widths.
B. The latest big pack from Sierra Designs has a fixed back system.
C. The Vasque Breeze hiking boot is both eco-friendly and waterproof.
D. The Dawn Turn 1.0 Jacket won the innovation award at ISPO.
62. In the boots production, which order is correct based on the carbon emissions of the materials
Polymer > Pebax Renew >Fossil-based Plastics
Fossil-based Plastics > Pebax Renew > Polymer
Fossil-based Plastics > Polymer >Pebax Renew
Polymer >Fossil-based Plastics >Pebax Renew
(C)
My 21-year-old niece, a second-year undergraduate, mentioned that she watches video lectures offline at twice the normal speed. Struck by this, I asked some other students I know. Many now routinely speed up their lectures when learning offline — often by 1.5 times, sometimes by even more. Speed learning is not for everyone, but there are websites where students discuss how odd it will be once they return to the lecture theatre. One contributor wrote: “Normal speed now sounds like drunk speed.”
Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet. “This is a time for schools and systems to reimagine education without schooling or classrooms,” says Professor Yong Zhao. Dr Jim Watterston in Australia thinks that, while the traditional classroom is still alive and well, education needs to be more adventurous and flexible. Earlier this year, Zhao and Watterston co-authored a paper in which they identified some major changes that should happen in education post-lockdown.
The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information. “For humans to progress in the age of smart machines, it is essential that they do not compete with machines.”, they wrote, “Instead, they need to be more human.”
The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. It’s also where the concept of “productive failure” applies. Professor Manu Kapurin argues that students learn better from their own or others’ failed attempts to solve a problem before or even instead of being told how to solve it.
If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.”
63. By giving examples of “speed learning” in the first paragraph, the author wants to show that _________.
digital world is dramatically reforming the way of learning.
speed learning completely replaces normal speed learning.
returning to the lecture theatre is strange after speed learning.
education begins to adapt to digital world after Covid-19.
64.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
It is essential for smart machines to be more human.
Students should possess more information about creativity.
Students value others’ failure over their own failure.
“Active learning” calls for diverse ways of involvement.
65. According to Zhao and Watterston, the major changes in education should include _________.
①learning mode ②learning motive ③learning attitude ④learning focus
①④ B. ②③ C. ①③ D. ②④
66.According to the passage, what does the author most probably agree with
A. Speed learning harms students’ learning efficiency.
B. The coming revolution in education is irreversible.
C. Teachers will play a less important role in the future.
D. The traditional classrooms will eventually disappear.
答案：
2023届上海市宝山区高考二模英语试题
56-59 CBBD
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了什么是数字健康以及它的优缺点。
【小题56】主旨大意题。根据第一段中"Digital health refers to the system of interconnected devices that can monitor and report important health information. Doctors can then use that information to ensure that your treatment is tailor-made to your situation. （数字健康是指可以监测和报告重要健康信息的互联设备系统。然后，医生可以使用这些信息来确保你的治疗是为你的情况量身定制的（"结合后文讲了数字健康的优点和缺点可知，本文主要介绍医疗保健的技术趋势—数字健康。故选C项。
【小题57】细节理解题。根据第三段中"In the first quarter of 2020， US$3. 1 billion in new investments poured into the digital health industry，setting a new investment record. （2020年第一季度，31亿美元的新投资涌入数字健康行业，创造了新的投资纪录）"可知，2020年前三个月用于数字卫生的资金大幅增加。故选B项。
【小题58】细节理解题。根据第四段中"Today，around2. 5 billion devices have voice interfaces like Alexa，which enable the devices to produce and understand speech. As a result, users can communicate with these devices about their health needs by speaking instead of typing on a computer. Seniors, for example, can use Alexa to check their daily schedules and receive reminders to take their medicine （如今，大约有25亿合设备拥有像Alexa这样的语音接口，使设备能够产生和理解语音。因此，用户可以通过说话而不是在电脑上打字来与这些设备交流他们的健康需求。例如，老年人可以使用Alexa来查看他们的日常日程安排，并收到吃药的提醒）"可知，这篇文章解释了Alexa如何帮助老年人。故选B项。
【小题59】细节理解题。根据最后一段中"Advances in digital health， however， also bring privacy concerns. Information regarding your health could be used for advertising or marketing, for example. If health records are accessible online, protecting your information from theft and unauthorized use might be difficult. （然而，数字健康的进步也带来了隐私问题。例如，关于你健康的信息可以用于广告或营销。如果健康记录可以在线访问，保护您的信息不被窃取和未经授权的使用可能会很困难）"可知，根据本文关于数字健康的一个担忧是个人健康数据可能被窃取的危险。故选D项。
60-62 ADB
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。选自某公司的会议聊天截图，主要是员工们分享发起广告宣传活动后的最新业务进展。
【小题60】细节理解题。根据“Sure. Our sales saw a slight increaseof5% this last month. （好的。上个月我们的销售额略有增长，增长了5%。）"可知，卡米拉所在地区的销售额有提升。故选A。
【小题61】细节理解题。根据"We should rethink when and where we play the commercials. The sales increases are coming mainly from younger people. Maybe we should focus more on social media outlets rather than the traditional and more expensive methods like television. （我们应该重新考虑何时何地播放广告。销售额的增长主要来自年轻人。也许我们应该更多地关注社交媒体，而不是像电视这样传统且更昂贵的方法。）“可知，鲍勃认为，通过社交媒体做广告能更好地利用金钱是因为他们的目标受众的偏好。故选D。
【小题62】细节理解题。根据“I think the emotional aspect of the ad is working. （我认为广告的情感方面是有效的。）“可知，根据文章，广告特别有效之处在于能在情感上吸引人。故选B。
63-66 CBAB
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市下方看不见的管道网络：下水道。
【小题63】词义猜测题。根据划线词下文"wastewater and solid waste away（废水和固体废物）"可知，根据句意为"水流入管道，将多余的雨水、废水和固体废物运走，保持城市清洁"。由此可知，划线词excess意为“多余的”。A. useless无用的；B. polluted被污染过的；C. extra额外的；D. processed处理过的。故选C。
【小题64】推理判断题。根据第三段"Water containing human and industrial waste is collected in sanitary sewers and conveyed to sewage treatment plants，the heart of the sewer system，where waste is treated. （含有人类和工业废物的水被收集在卫生下水道中，并被输送到污水处理厂，污水处理厂是下水道系统的核心，在那里对废物进行处理！"可推知，台北建造卫生下水道是为了处理废水；根据第四段"When an extreme weather event like a severe storm or typhoon brings heavy rain，storm sewers must cope with the water，so it does not flood the city. （当严重风暴或台风等极端天气事件带来暴雨时，雨水下水道必须能够处理这些水，这样就不会淹没城市）"可推知，建造雨水下水道是为了抵御洪水。故选B。
【小题65】推理判断题。根据第一段"Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents. （在每个城镇的下方，都有一个无形的管道网络，对居民的生活至关重要）"和最后一段"Who knew that sewers help improve urban public health, prevent urban flooding and boost environmental protection Together they protect vital water resources and maintain the safety of people and property. （谁知道下水道有助于改善城市公共卫生、防止城市洪水和促进环境保护？它们共同保护重要的水资源，维护人民和财产的安全"可知，在城市下方的下水道对居民的生活至关重要。由此推知，看不见的和看到的一样重要。故选A。
【小题66】主旨大意题。根据第一段"Far below every town and city lies an invisible network of pipes crucial to the lives of their residents. （在每个城镇的下方，都有一个无形的管道网络，对居民的生活至关重要）"可知，本文主要介绍了城市下方的看不见的
管道网络。由此可知，B项"A City's Hidden Network（城市的隐藏网络）"适合作本文标题。故选B。
2023届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】56. D57. C58. B59. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者从童年到成年与父亲沟通的过程。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“But then, eventually, I needed him less. I got married, and my husband had most of the knowledge I lacked about water heaters and nondestructive insect removal.（但最终，我不那么需要他了。我结婚了，我丈夫掌握了我在热水器和无损除虫方面所缺乏的大部分知识。）”可知，之所以作者和她父亲的对话随着时间的推移变得越来越短，是因为她觉得她不太需要父亲的帮助了。故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“How do you know how to build a bulkhead （你怎么知道怎么造舱壁 ）”和第四段中“I thought I knew everything about my dad—all his random jobs. I knew about the apple farm, the summer at the hot sauce manufacturing plant, and even the diner line-cook position, where he learned how to make the best omelet in the world. But I never knew this.（我以为我了解我父亲的一切——他所有的随机工作。我知道他在苹果农场，在辣酱制造厂度过的夏天，甚至还知道他在餐馆当厨师，在那里他学会了如何做出世界上最好的煎蛋卷。但我从来不知道这一点。）”可知，今年夏天，作者和父母住在一起时发现了她对父亲的了解并没有她想象的那么多。故选C。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“We ended up talking about the consulting job he was working on, a new battery he’d bought for his sailboat, a refinance my husband and I were looking into to relieve our home loan. Nothing life-changing. To anyone else, it would sound like a normal conversation between a dad and his daughter.（我们最后谈到了他正在做的咨询工作，他为他的帆船买的新电池，我和丈夫正在研究的一项房屋贷款的再融资。没有什么能改变你的生活。对其他人来说，这听起来就像是父女之间的正常对话。）”可知，作者在搬回她重新装修过的房子后给她爸爸打电话，是为了叙叙旧，试着进行一次正常的谈话。故选B。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Growing up, I understood one thing about my dad: He knew everything.（从小到大，我明白了父亲的一件事:他无所不知。）”和最后一段“But to me, it was novel. A new beginning. I spent the first part of my life needing to talk to my dad. Now I talk to him because I want to.（但对我来说，这很新奇。一个新的开始。我的前半生都需要和我爸爸谈谈。现在我跟他说话是因为我想。）”可知，这篇文章讲述的是与父亲重新沟通，所以文章的最佳标题是Reconnecting with my father: A lesson in asking the right questions。故选C。
【答案】60. A61. D62. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了海豹、海狮、海象的几个特征，以便更好区分开来。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Pinnipeds are mammals that are well-adapted for swimming. (鳍足类是非常适合游泳的哺乳动物。)”可知，鳍足类动物擅长游泳。故选A。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据标题“Characteristics of Phocidae (Earless or True Seals) (海豹科的特征(无耳海豹或真海豹))”下面的“Swim with their hind flippers. Their hind flippers always face backward and are furred. (用后鳍游泳。它们的后鳍总是朝后，长着毛。)”以及标题“Characteristics of Otariidae (Eared Seals, Including Fur Seals and Sea Lions) (耳海豹科的特征(包括毛海豹和海狮))”下面的“Swim with their front flippers. Unlike earless seals, their hind flippers can turn forward, and they are able to walk, and even run, on their flippers. (用它们的前鳍游泳。与没有耳朵的海豹不同，它们的后鳍可以向前转动，它们可以用鳍行走，甚至跑步。)”可知，真海豹用后鳍游泳而海狮的后鳍可以向前转动，它们可以用鳍行走，甚至跑步。故可知，真海豹不能用后鳍走路。故选D。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“One obvious difference between walruses, seals and sea lions is that walruses are the only pinnipeds with tusks—a pair of long pointed teeth. (海象、海豹和海狮之间的一个明显区别是，海象是唯一长有长牙的鳍足类动物——一对又长又尖的牙齿。)”可知，海象长有长牙。故选C。
【答案】63. B64. B65. A66. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。6英寸长的没有斜坡的路缘对于坐轮椅的人来说“就像珠穆朗玛峰一样”，而当这个问题解决，受益的不仅是坐轮椅的群体，还有我们所有人。这个现象也即是下斜路缘效应，即当社会创造条件，允许那些被落下的人充分参与和贡献，每个人都是赢家。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二三句“That was a big deal for people in wheelchairs because there were no ramps (斜坡) to help them move along city blocks without assistance. According to one disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Mount Everest”. (这对坐轮椅的人来说是一件大事，因为没有斜坡可以帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。一位残疾人权益领袖表示，6英寸长的路缘“就像珠穆朗玛峰一样”。)”可知，没有斜坡，6英寸长的路缘对于坐轮椅的人来说是一个几乎无法逾越的障碍。故选B。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第三四句“Blackwell rightly noted that many people see equity “as a zero-sum game.” Basically, that there is a “prejudiced societal suspicion that intentionally supporting one group hurts another.” (布莱克威尔正确地指出，许多人将公平视为“零和游戏”。基本上，有一种“有偏见的社会怀疑，故意支持一个群体伤害另一个群体。”)”可知，零和游戏是一方得益一方受损的局面，布莱克威尔指出很多人把下斜路缘的设计认为是零和游戏，也即是认为这是不可能实现的公平。故选B。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段末句“What the curb cut effect shows though, Blackwell said, is that “when society creates the circumstances that allow those who have been left behind to participate and contribute fully, everyone wins.” (然而，布莱克威尔说，下斜路缘效应表明，“当社会创造条件，允许那些被落下的人充分参与和贡献，每个人都是赢家。”)”第五段前三句“There are multiple examples of this principle at work. For example, investing in policies that create more living-wage jobs or increase the availability of affordable housing certainly benefits people in communities that have limited options. But, the action also empowers those people with opportunities for better health and the means to become contributing members of society—and that benefits everyone. (以下是该原则发挥作用的多个例子。例如，投资于能够创造更多生活工资岗位或增加经济适用房供应的政策，肯定会使那些选择有限的社区的人们受益。但是，这项行动还使这些人有机会获得更好的健康，并有办法成为对社会有贡献的成员，这使每个人都受益。)”可知，下斜路缘效应指的是当社会创造条件，允许那些被落下的人充分参与和贡献后，最终会使每个人都受益。结合选项，A项“Spaceflight designs are applied to life on earth. (航天设计应用于地球上的生命。)”涉及到地球上的每一个人，能很好地解释下斜路缘效应。故选A。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So, next time you cross the street, or roll your suitcase through a crosswalk or ride your bike directly onto a sidewalk—think about how much the curb cut, that change in design that broke down walls of exclusion for one group of people at a disadvantage, has helped not just that group, but all of us. (所以，下次你过马路的时候，或者你把行李箱推过人行横道的时候，或者你骑自行车直接上人行道的时候，想想路沿的下斜，想想这种设计上的改变打破了对处于不利地位的一群人的排斥之墙，不仅帮助了这个群体，而且帮助了我们所有人。)”可知，路沿的下斜不仅帮助了坐轮椅的群体，而且帮助了我们所有人。所以，对弱势群体的关爱最终会让所有人受益。故选D。
2023届上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷
【答案】36. D37. A38. C39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次写作时遇到了选题困难，正当作者焦头烂额时，作者的无意之举给了他灵感，帮助他找到了文章主题。
【36题详解】
句意猜测题。联系这句话的上一句“Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject.(现在，如果你已经习惯了以写文章为生，你就会知道，有时困难并不在于写文章，而在于选主题。)”可知，作者认为写文章远远没有选择主题困难。由此判断，这句话的意思指的是主题太多太难选择。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For an hour I had paced my room in my slippers in search of a subject. I had looked out of the window over the sunlit valley, and watched the smoke of a distant train disappearing towards the west. I had sharpened every pencil I had on me with great care.(为了找一个话题，我穿着拖鞋在房间里踱了一个小时。我望着窗外阳光普照的山谷，看着远处火车的烟雾向西消失。我小心翼翼地削好了随身携带的每一支铅笔。)”可知，作者小心翼翼地削好了随身携带的每一支铅笔是为了提升思维，找到一个话题。故选A。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“You saw things in a new light. So I fetched my boots and sat down to put them on.(你从新的角度看问题。于是我把靴子拿来，坐下来穿上。)”以及第四段“The thing worked like a charm. For in my preoccupied condition I picked up my right boot first. Then mechanically I put it down and seized the left boot. And then the fact flashed on me that all my life I had been putting on my left boot first. If you had asked me five minutes before which boot I put on first, I should have said that there was no first about it; yet now I found I was in a habit so fixed that the attempt to put on my right boot first affected me.(这东西很管用。因为在我全神贯注的情况下，我先拿起了我的右靴子。然后我机械地把它放下，抓起左边的靴子。这时我突然想到，我这一辈子都是先穿左边的靴子。如果你在五分钟前问我先穿哪只靴子，我就会说没有先穿这回事;然而现在我发现我已经养成了一个固定的习惯，以至于先试着穿上右边的靴子都会影响到我。)”可知，穿靴子这件事帮助作者从其他角度看待问题，给了作者灵感。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“There was no urgent reason for putting on my boots. I was not going out, and my slippers were much more comfortable. But something had to be done. I wanted a subject for an article. Now if you are accustomed to writing articles for a living, you will know that sometimes the difficulty is not writing the article, but choosing a subject.(没有什么紧急的理由让我穿上靴子。我不出去，我的拖鞋舒服多了。但是必须做点什么。我想找个文章的题目。现在，如果你已经习惯了以写文章为生，你就会知道，有时困难并不在于写文章，而在于选题目。)”可知，作者苦于找不到文章的主题；以及最后一段“And then came into my mind that fascinating book of Samuel Butler’s on Life and Habit. Yes, certainly, here was a subject that would “go.” I took out a pencil, seized some writing paper, and sat down to write on “The Force of Habit.”(然后，我想起了塞缪尔·巴特勒那本关于生活和习惯的迷人的书。是的，当然，这是一个可以“走”的主题。我拿出一支铅笔，抓起几张信纸，坐下来开始写“习惯的力量”)”可知，作者穿靴子时有了灵感，从而确定了文章的主题。故选D。
【答案】40. A41. C42. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为welldoing.org的网址，可以帮助人们找到合适的专家。介绍了其工作方式以及服务特色。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“welldoing.org is an independent therapy (治疗) directory and information resource for people who want to enhance their health and wellbeing. Our aim is to help you find professional experts to support you, whatever the issues you or your family are dealing with in your life right now.(welldoing.org是一个独立的治疗目录和信息资源的人想要提高他们的健康和福祉。我们的目标是帮助您找到专业的专家来支持您，无论您或您的家人目前在您的生活中正在处理什么问题)”可知，网站welldoing.org的主要目的是引导人们寻找合适的专家来提高福祉。故选A。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二部分“There are various ways to find a therapist, counsellor (顾问) or coach on welldoing.org and the best route will depend on how much help you need.(在welldoing.org上有很多方法可以找到治疗师、顾问或教练，最好的方法取决于你需要多少帮助)”可知，该网站提供三个选项供人们选择，以获得他们需要的指导。故选C。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分第三条“If we don't find your perfect match within 5 attempts, you get your money back.(如果我们在5次尝试中没有找到您的完美匹配，您可以拿回你的钱)”可知，如果你5次尝试都没有找到满意的匹配，你可以要求退款。故选B。
【答案】43. B44. C45. A46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现，轻柔的声音刺激，也被称为粉红噪音，可能会明显改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他们回忆单词的能力。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及方法。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Gentle sound stimulation, also known as pink noise, may significantly enhance deep sleep in older adults and improve their ability to recall words, a new study has found. (一项新的研究发现，轻柔的声音刺激，也被称为粉红噪音，可能会明显改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他们回忆单词的能力)”可知，这项新研究主要揭示了粉色噪音能提高老年人的记忆力。故选B。
【44题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“This is a potential tool for enhancing memory in older populations and”以及后文“normal age-related memory decline”可知，这是一种潜在的工具，可以增强老年人的记忆，缓解与年龄有关的正常记忆衰退。故画线词意思是“缓解”。故选C。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“More specifically, they timed the sounds to match the participants’ slow-wave oscillations. During deep sleep, brain waves slow to about one oscillation per second, compared to about ten oscillations per second during wakefulness. (更具体地说，他们对声音进行了定时，以匹配参与者的慢波振荡。在深度睡眠时，脑电波缓慢到大约每秒一次振荡，而在清醒时大约每秒10次振荡)”可知，新研究采用了一种与脑电波同步的音响系统。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Northwestern has taken steps to patent the researchers’ technology, which seems to have hit upon a way to stimulate slow waves at the right moment. The team hopes to develop an affordable device that people can use at home, from the comfort of their beds. (但西北大学已经采取措施为研究人员的技术申请专利，似乎找到了一种在正确的时间刺激慢

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