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第二节　非谓语动词
非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是语法填空的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考点主要为：动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。
清迷点扫盲点·提升审题能力
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清迷点扫盲点
提升审题能力
如何判断非谓语动词
典例印证
【典例】　Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 63.________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
held
第一步：确定是否作非谓语　提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词decided，又不是作并列谓语动词，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式　分析句子成分，空处且与被修饰词the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间构成逻辑动宾关系， 故用过去分词作定语。
解题攻略
*第一步：确定是否作非谓语
分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词或从句谓语动词时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
*第二步：确定用何种非谓语形式
根据所作句子成分，考虑非谓语动词的形式：
①提示词与逻辑主语表主动关系时常用动词 ing形式；
②提示词与逻辑主语是被动关系时常用动词 ed形式；
③提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
技法1　非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法
典题试做
1.[2022·山东省潍坊市三月份模拟]In addition to providing visitors with a rare insight into the world of art conservation, ________ (conduct) the treatments in original place allows the sculptures to be treated in the same natural light in which they are being exhibited currently.
答案与解析：conducting　考查动名词。句意：除了为游客提供一个罕见的艺术保护世界的见解，在原处进行处理允许雕塑在它们被展出的相同的自然光下被处理。空格处用动名词conducting作主语，故填conducting。
2.[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.
答案与解析：to get　考查非谓语动词。此处是“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”句型，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”。
3.[2021·全国甲卷]It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案与解析：to walk　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型“It is＋adj.＋(for sb.)to do sth.”， It是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。
4.These days, it is not unusual for 10 to 12 year olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes.
答案与解析：to begin　句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，这些都很常见。此处是“It is＋ adj.＋for sb. to do sth.”句式，it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
5.[2022·连云港市考前模拟一]It is, therefore, urgent ________ (update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields.
答案与解析：to update　考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，迫切需要通过介绍相关领域的最新发展来更新我们的课程。分析句子结构， It是形式主语，空处应用不定式形式，作真正的主语。
6.[2022·山东省烟台市、德州市一模]In fact, much remains ________ (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements. Through appreciating Chinese painting, you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese people.
答案与解析：to be learned/to be learnt　考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，关于中国传统绘画及其元素，还有很多值得学习的地方。分析句子可知， remain是系动词，接不定式作表语，根据句意，主语much与谓语动词learn是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。
7.[2022·厦门市第二次质量检测]So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became ________ (qualify)．
答案与解析：qualified　考查形容词。句意：她是如此渴望成为一名船员，她克服了许多困难，最终成为合格的。系动词became后接形容词作表语。主语是人，所以用 ed形式形容词。
8.[2022·山西运城考前模拟]Lola got ________ (lose) when the Mejeurs were visiting a friend in Elk Grove Village in 2017.
答案与解析：lost　句意：2017年，Mejeurs夫妇在埃尔克格罗夫村拜访朋友时，Lola迷路了。此处got为系动词， get lost “迷路”为固定搭配，故填形容词lost。
快捷思维
1.非谓语动词作主语
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用doing/to do作主语。
(2)表抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing，表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动词的 ing形式/不定式作主语的句型：
①It's＋adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
②It's no use/no good/fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth.
③It takes sb.＋some time/money＋to do sth.
④It's worthwhile doing/to do sth.
2.非谓语动词作表语
设空前是系动词(be, get, feel, seem等)时，根据句子结构确定用不定式或分词作表语。
(1)现在分词作表语修饰物， 意为“令人感到……的”；
(2)过去分词作表语修饰人， 意为“本身感到……的”；
(3)不定式作表语，表将来或目的。
技法2　非谓语动词作定语——关系分析法
典题试做
1.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs.
答案与解析：aching　分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词， legs与ache是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
2.[2022·河北省高考适应性考试]“It has really given me the desire to visit China, in particular to explore the traditional ink artwork，” said Marianne Simon, an MA (文学硕士) student ________ (major) in publishing and creative writing at Kingston University.
答案与解析：majoring　考查现在分词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。Marianne Simon, an MA student与major是主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动，作后置定语。
3.[2022·河北省高三学生全过程纵向评价]A 2011 mission failed when a Russian rocket ________ (carry) a Chinese orbiter had problems after launch, and was unable to escape Earth's orbit.
答案与解析：carrying　考查非谓语动词。句意：2011年的一次任务失败了，当时搭载中国轨道飞行器的俄罗斯火箭在发射后出现问题，无法脱离地球轨道。根据句子结构可知carry在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语rocket构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。
4.[2022·厦门市第四次质量检测]They find comfort among the shelves ________ (pack) high with books and appreciate the smiling faces of librarians eager to help.
答案与解析：packed　考查过去分词。句意：他们在堆满书籍的书架上找到了安慰，欣赏图书馆员渴望帮助的笑容。动词pack意为“把……大量放进，装满”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语shelves之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。
5.[2022·泰安市高考全真模拟]As a matter of fact, there is no ________ (fix) ways for the Double Ninth cake, but super cakes have as many as nine layers, looking like a tower.
答案与解析：fixed　考查形容词。句意：事实上，重阳糕并没有固定的做法，但超级蛋糕有多达九层，看起来像一座塔。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词ways，故填fixed, 意为“固定的”。
6.[2021·天津高考3月卷]China's National Highway 318, ________ (extend) over 5，000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
答案与解析：extending　句意：中国318国道，从上海延伸至西藏樟木，全长5 000多千米，因其令人惊叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语is known，故空处为非谓语动词， China's National Highway 318 与extend是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填extending。
7.[2022·全国甲卷]A visually challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案与解析：to journey　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是hiked，空处应是非谓语动词。名词step前面有序数词first修饰，因此空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。
8.[2022·山东师范大学附中考前打靶]Not only have parents been trying to find ways for their kids ________ (fill) their days without interactions with other siblings (兄弟姐妹) or peers, but they've been worrying about how staying alone is affecting them.
答案与解析：to fill　考查非谓语动词。句意：父母们不仅一直在想办法让孩子们在不与其他兄弟姐妹或同龄人互动的情况下打发时间，还一直担心独自一人会对他们造成什么影响。ways to do做某事的方法。
9.[2022·黄冈中学高三适应性考试]The middle class has the means ________ (travel) outside China. The second one is an increase in online information with a content of quality.
答案与解析：to travel　考查动词不定式。句意：中产阶级有出国旅游的手段。分析句子结构可知，动词不定式to travel作后置定语，修饰名词means。
10.[2022·河南省高考适应性练习]As darkness falls, the best place ________ (witness) the city is on the wall, where one can't help but imagine the distant past.
答案与解析：to witness　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词前有最高级修饰，所以应用不定式作定语。
11.[2022·九江市第二次模拟]In history, Beijing 2022 is the first Games where all venues (场地) are powered by clean energy and Beijing is the first city in the world ________ (host) both the Summer and Winter Games.
答案与解析：to host　考查非谓语动词。句意：北京2022年冬奥会是历史上第一届所有场馆都使用清洁能源的奥运会，也是世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。设空处在句中作非谓语，当名词被序数词修饰时，应用动词不定式的形式作定语。
快捷思维
1.逻辑关系解题法——doing/being done/to do/to be done/done
(1)表被修饰词的用途用doing，如sleeping train。
(2)表示心理状态的动词 ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。
(3)被修饰词与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：
①表将来用to do；
②表现在用doing。
(4)被修饰词与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：
①表完成用done；
②表将来用to be done；
③表正在进行用being done。
(5)动词 ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。
2.提示词解题法——to do
①the first/second等序数词，the last/only/next/right/形容词最高级(＋名词)，且与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
②被修饰的名词的同源动词用不定式作宾语：plan, promise, wish, intention, hope, failure, attempt等。
③被修饰的名词的同源形容词用不定式作状语：ability, anxiety, eagerness, determination, patience, willingness等。
④被修饰的名词是：chance, opportunity, power, strength, struggle, right, idea, measure, effort等。
技法3　非谓语动词作状语和补语——理清逻辑关系
典题试做
1.[2022·全国乙卷]________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ________ (invite) twenty nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案与解析：To strengthen; inviting　第一空考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式表示目的。第二空考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词“included”，提示词与“the event”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故空处用提示词“invite”的现在分词形式作状语。
2.[2022·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体模拟]She then decided to pursue a career in Human Resources (HR), ________ (gain) a master's degree from the London School of Economics & Political Science.
答案与解析：gaining　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语，gain与其逻辑主语She是主谓关系，故填gaining。
3.[2022·南通市高三考前练习卷]He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, ________ (trap) in an unhealthy daily routine.
答案与解析：trapped　考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾经沉迷于电子设备，每晚熬夜，陷于不健康的日常生活中。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和句子的主语之间为被动关系，故填trapped。
4.[2022·山东省烟台市、德州市高三一模]It's used in combination with an ink stone. The painter wets the ink stone and then grinds (研磨) the ink stick on the stone, ________ (make) the ink run so that it can be used for painting.
答案与解析：making　考查非谓语动词。句意：油漆工润湿墨水石，然后在石头上研磨墨水棒，使墨水运行，以便它可以用于绘画。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是wets和grinds表示意料之中的结果，故make用非谓语动词形式作状语， make与主语The painter是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，表示顺理成章的结果，故填making。
5.[2022·武汉市高三模拟]They are building high end farm and village resorts that integrate with rural cultures nationwide ________ (attract) more travelers.
答案与解析：to attract　考查非谓语动词。句意：他们正在建设与全国农村文化相融合的高端农场和乡村度假村，吸引更多的游客。分析句子结构可知，这里是要用动词不定式做目的状语，故填to attract。
6.[2022·湖北省七市3月调研]________ (get) through to the final in the game, the player has to do good deeds and serve people heart and soul like Lei Feng.
答案与解析：To get　考查动词不定式。句意：为了进入比赛的决赛，玩家必须做好事，像雷锋一样全心全意地为人民服务。
7.[2022·江苏省连云港市模拟二]To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy ________ (produce) in large numbers.
答案与解析：to produce　考查动词不定式。句意：为了养活地球上70亿人口，今天大多数农民只种植易于大量生产的植物品种。be easy to do sth.做某事是容易的，固定搭配。
8.[2022·汕头市三模]Although Liu's dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his audience ________ (follow)．
答案与解析：to follow　考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知，此处为“too＋形容词＋to do sth.”句型，表示“太……而不能”，故填to follow。
9.[2022·武汉市高三模拟]Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him ________ (overcome) those difficulties and reach his destination.
答案与解析：to overcome　考查动词不定式。句意：傅认为，正是他的科学训练方法使他能够克服这些困难并到达目的地。固定短语enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，故填to overcome。
10.[2022·雅礼中学模拟二]However, some of us often find ourselves ________ (reserve) a table for one in a restaurant. But is dining alone really that bad Maybe not.
答案与解析：reserving　考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我们中的一些人经常发现自己在餐馆里为一个人预定了一张桌子。此处为find＋宾语＋宾补结构， ourselves与reserve构成主动关系，故填reserving。
11.[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]But that's how nature is—always leaving us ________ (astonish)．
答案与解析：astonished　分析句子结构，发现提示词作非谓语，且在动词leave后作宾语补足语，应考虑用 ed分词。
12.[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
答案与解析：decorated　句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和写满好运的信息。句中them与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
13.[2022·山东青岛市一模]Despite being two goals behind South Korea in the first half, the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals ________ (score) in just five minutes.
答案与解析：scored　考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然在上半场落后韩国队2球，但中国女足在下半场5分钟内连进2球，共进3球。此处为with的复合结构，名词two goals与动词score是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。
14.[2022·湖南省第二次检测]The largest nang, referred to as “emanke”， is as big as the traditional food in Xinjiang, with more people ________ (bake) the bread in environmentally friendly ovens now.
答案与解析：baking　考查非谓语动词。句意：最大的馕，被称为emanke，和新疆的传统食物一样大，现在越来越多的人用环保的烤箱烤。“with more people ________ (bake) the bread in environmentally friendly ovens now”是with复合结构，提示词在句中作宾语补足语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表示主动。
15.As humans, we tend to be easily influenced when it comes to liking or disliking something, and we're happy to have our existing opinions ________ (confirm)．
答案与解析：confirmed　句意：作为人类，当涉及到喜欢或不喜欢某物时，我们往往很容易受到影响，我们很高兴我们现有的观点得到证实。此处为“have sth. done”结构， opinions与confirm之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填confirmed。
快捷思维
2个技巧确定非谓语动词作状语
1.逻辑关系分析法
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：表目的to do；表出乎意料的结果only to do；表时间/条件/原因/让步/伴随/自然而然的结果doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：表动作还未发生to be done；表动作已经发生done。
2.固定句型用法
①主语＋be＋形容词(easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, safe等)＋to do，句子主语与不定式是逻辑上的被动关系。
②too＋adj./adv.＋to do；
adj./adv.＋enough＋to do;
so＋adj./adv.＋as to do；
such＋名词＋as to do...，不定式作结果状语。
③主语＋系列动词＋表情绪的形容词(excited, happy, anxious, satisfied, delighted, angry等)＋to do, 不定式作原因状语。
2个技巧确定非谓语动词作补语
1.逻辑关系分析法
(1)主语或宾语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系：doing/(to) do。
(2)主语或宾语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系：被动/完成done；被动将来to be done；被动进行being done。
2.固定搭配和句型法
(1)to do作宾补：allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等＋sb. to do sth.。
(2)用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词：“五”看；“三”使；“两”听；“一”感觉。“look at/see/watch/notice/observe, make/let/have, hear/listen to, feel”＋sb.＋do sth.。
注意：在被动语态中作主语补足语要还原to，如be made to do。
(3)have sb./sth. doing “让某人/某物一直做”。
have sb./sth. done “使……被……”
(4)with复合结构。
①with＋宾语＋to do表示动作还未发生
②with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，动作正在进行
③with＋宾语＋done表示被动，动作已完成

技法4　非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法
典题试做
1.[2022·全国优质校高三大联考]There are now 1，800 giant pandas living in the wild, a number that officials credit to the country's devotion to ________ (maintain) nature reserves and other conservation initiatives in recent years.
答案与解析：maintaining　考查非谓语动词。句意：目前有1 800只野生大熊猫，官员们将这一数字归功于中国近年来致力于维护自然保护区和其他保护举措。devotion to奉献于，致力于，其中to为介词，后跟动名词作宾语。
2.[2022·山东省高三大联考]He plans to pursue his career in the mainland after ________ (complete) his studies.
答案与解析：completing　考查非谓语动词。句意：他计划完成学业后到大陆发展。介词after后面应用动名词completing作宾语，故填completing。
3.[2022·山东师范大学附中考前打靶]For teenagers, some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects; some are working on a social studies project which involves ________ (construct) a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s.
答案与解析：constructing　考查非谓语动词。句意：对于青少年来说，有些人已经学会了如何使用缝纫机，并做了几个项目；有些人正在从事社会研究项目，其中包括构建一个家谱，包括研究活在19世纪的亲属。involve doing sth.包括做某事。
4.[2022·湖南永州联考]If you are struggling to stay motivated, consider ________ (give) yourself rewards for each goal you achieve.
答案与解析：giving　句意：如果你正在努力保持积极，可以每次完成一个目标给予自己奖励。 consider 意为：“考虑”， 后跟v. ing 作宾语。
5.[2022·重庆市名校联盟第一次联考]Incredibly, around 1，500 workers spent just nine hours ________ (complete) the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province, southern China.
答案与解析：completing　考查动名词。句意：令人难以置信的是，大约1 500名工人只花了9个小时就在中国南部福建省完成了一座新火车站的建设。固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth. (花时间做某事), complete用动名词形式作宾语。
6.[2022·南通市高三考前练习卷]Although sometimes he still has trouble ________ (distinguish) between Putonghua and the dialect, he can use the Henan dialect to communicate with others.
答案与解析：distinguishing　考查固定短语。句意：虽然有时他仍然难以区分普通话和方言，但他可以用河南方言与他人交流。have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事很困难”，动名词作介词的宾语。
7.[2022·河北省沧州市高考二模]This could prevent the fries ________ (get) wet and rotting away during the 5－8 weeks' journey across the Atlantic Ocean.
答案与解析：getting　考查非谓语动词。句意：这可以阻止薯条在5～8周的跨越大西洋的航行中变潮湿，变腐烂。为prevent...from doing sth., from为介词，后跟动名词做宾语，故填getting。
8.[2022·聊城市第一次模拟]They failed ________ (uncover) the myth of “wild man”， but discovered the area's rich biodiversity.
答案与解析：to uncover　考查动词。句意：他们没能揭开“野人”的神秘面纱，却发现了该地区丰富的生物多样性。固定短语fail to do表示“没能做成某事”，符合语境，所给动词uncover应使用动词不定式形式作fail的宾语。
9.[2022·辽宁县级重点高中协作体一模]Even though people initially laughed at him, he finally managed ________ (give) his hometown a path available to the nearby town.
答案与解析：to give　考查不定式和固定短语。句意：尽管一开始人们都嘲笑他，但他最终还是为自己的家乡开辟了一条通往附近城镇的道路。manage to do是固定短语，意为“设法完成了某事”，因此空格处是不定式to give，故填to give。
10.[2022·浙江卷1月]That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice.
答案与解析：to continue　考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，为固定搭配。
11.[2022·武汉市4月质量检测]We paced around to avoid ________ (get) frostbite (冻伤) as the temperature stayed close to －30 ℃ and our drill batteries became too cold to work.
答案与解析：getting　考查非谓语动词。句意：由于温度保持在零下30 ℃左右并且我们的钻机电池变得太冷而无法工作，因此我们四处走动以避免冻伤。avoid doing “避免做某事”，用动名词作宾语。
12.[2021·全国乙卷]Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案与解析：to have　考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth. “力求做某事”为固定搭配。故本空用不定式to have。
快捷思维
1.提示词是动词
(1)若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语时，应用非谓语动词doing/to do；
(2)利用逻辑主语和非谓语动词的关系确定形式(主谓关系：doing/to do；动宾关系：being done/to be done)。
2.牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语，注意“to”的身份识别。
(2)只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
三个希望两答应(hope, wish, expect, agree, promise)
·两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask, refuse)
·设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide/determine)
·不要假装在选择(pretend, choose/select)
·计划提出俩打算(plan, offer, intend, mean)
·申请失败负担起(apply, fail, afford)
·准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)
(3)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语
·喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
·不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help, give up, risk)
·感激承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be worth)
·介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put off)
·允许完成是期望(allow, permit, finish, look forward to)
·建议继续勤操练(suggest, go on，practise)
·致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to, excuse, insist on)
·继续成功不错过(keep on, succeed in, miss)
(4)believe/consider/find/feel/make/think＋it＋ adj.＋to do sth., it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
练重点练难点
创新应用体验
Test 1
[2022·长春市高三质量监测三]Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟) in Datong, Shanxi province, are a world cultural heritage site that 1.________ (date) back to more than 1，500 years ago. In Yungang's 45 big grottoes and more than 200 small grottoes, there are about 59，000 figures of the Buddha, 2.________ are a priceless treasure of human culture.
3．________ because of the effects of climate change and 4.________ (nature) disasters, the grottoes face damage year by year. Thanks to 5.________ (advance) digital technology, researchers are busy “duplicating” (复制) the Yungang Grottoes in an attempt to preserve the precious cultural relics. Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers 6.________ (digital) record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes and later reproduce them using 3D printing technology.
dates　
which　
But　
natural　
advanced　
digitally　
The new technology could enable more people 7.________ (access) the cultural relics despite the distance. 8.________ June, 2020, the researchers successfully “copied and pasted” cave No. 12 of the Yungang Grottoes for an 9.________ (exhibit) in Hangzhou.
The Yungang researchers' attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural relics. It 10.________ (hope) that the new digitalized technologies will facilitate (促进) the “rebirth” of the cultural legacy, and bring them to more places worldwide.
to access　
In　
exhibition　
is hoped　
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——文化遗产——科技助力文化遗产的保护
【文章大意】　云冈石窟是人类文化珍宝。研究者们运用数字技术在保护石窟的同时也促进石窟的新生，使更多人能够欣赏到这一文化遗迹。
1．答案与解析：dates　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该处为that引导的定语从句中的谓语，此处讲述一个客观情况，所以需要用一般现在时，主语为单数。故填dates。
2．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词。故填which。
3．答案与解析：But　考查连词。根据语境可知，空处后面的内容与上文之间有逻辑上的转折关系。故填But。
4．答案与解析：natural　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词disasters，应使用形容词形式。故填natural。
5．答案与解析：advanced　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词technology，应使用形容词形式。故填advanced。
6．答案与解析：digitally　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词record，需要用副词形式。故填digitally。
7．答案与解析：to access　考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定用法enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能做某事”。故填to access。
8．答案与解析：In　考查介词。在月份前用介词in，此处位于句首。故填In。
9．答案与解析：exhibition　考查词形转换。由空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应用名词形式。故填exhibition。
10．答案与解析：is hoped　考查固定句型。此处考查固定句型It is hoped that...“人们希望……”，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正主语。
Test 2
[2022·南充市高考适应性考试]March 12th is China's annual National Tree Planting Day. On this day, millions of Chinese, from all walks of life, will put their work at hand aside 1.________ a moment, take spades and buckets as well as young trees, and go out 2.________ (green) their hometowns.
China's Tree Planting Day could date back to a proposal 3.________ (make) by Lin Daoyang and Qingming Festival (April 5th) 4.________ (adopt) as Tree Planting Day then. However, April 5th was a late time for tree planting in Southern China, so it was changed to March 12th in order to memorize Sun Yat sen, 5.________ passed away on March 12th.
for　
to green
made　
was adopted
who　
In February 1979, the 5th National People's Congress of PRC made a 6.________ (decide) that March 12th would be taken as Chinese Tree Planting Day, requiring the whole country to carry out tree planting 7.________ (activity) on this day.
Now tree planting in spring has become a tradition for Chinese. For those 8.________ (live) in big cities, Tree Planting Day is 9.________ excellent time for skipping the city. They often take the planting as a nice short tour back to nature with their family members. After the work together, they not only harvest 10.________ (good) environment but also more harmonious family relations as well as more enthusiasm for the future.
decision　
activities　
living　
an　
better　
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——传统节日介绍——中国植树节的由来
【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了中国的种植节的由来及其意义。
1．答案与解析：for　考查介词。此处表示在这一天数百万中国人会暂时放下手中的工作，带上锹、水桶和小树，走出家门绿化自己的家乡。for a moment是固定短语，意为“暂时”。
2．答案与解析：to green　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式表示目的，green在此为动词，意为“绿化”。
3．答案与解析：made　考查非谓语动词。此句谓语是could date back to，空处为非谓语动词作定语，make与proposal之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
4．答案与解析：was adopted　考查时态和语态。此处描述过去的事情，又因主语与adopt之间是动宾关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。
5．答案与解析：who　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子成分可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，从句中缺少主语，故用who引导非限制性定语从句。
6．答案与解析：decision　考查名词。冠词a后应用名词，make a decision“作出决定”，是固定短语。
7．答案与解析：activities　考查名词单复数。activity在此表示“活动”是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故应用其复数形式。
8．答案与解析：living　考查非谓语动词。对于生活在大城市的人来说，植树节是一个离开城市的绝佳时机。live与其逻辑主语those之间是主谓关系，且含有进行的意义，故应用现在分词短语作后置定语。
9．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且excellent的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
10．答案与解析：better　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的两个more可知，此处是not only...but also...连接的并列成分，故此处应用比较级。

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