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2023中考英语复习之复合不定代词用法一览
一、复合不定代词的概念
不指明代替某个(某些)人、某个(某些)事物的代词叫不定代词。复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone十二个。这些复合不定代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。
二、复合不定代词的指代对象
1、含-body和-one的复合不定代词只用来指人，在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中；用-one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。例如：
Someone/Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.
有人在学校门口等你。
Everyone/Everybody should protect our environment.
每个人都应该保护我们的环境。
2、含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。例如：
We must do something to save water.
我们必须采取措施节约水。
Did you buy anything with your mum just now
刚才你和妈妈买东西了吗？
三、复合不定代词的数
1、复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
Nobody was in the classroom when the teacher came in.
当老师进来时，没有人在教室里。
Something is wrong with the boy’s ears.
这个男孩的耳朵出问题了。
Everyone knows this, don’t they
人人都知道这一点，不是吗
Everything is ready, isn’t it
一切都准备好了，是吗
2、当要对一群人讲话时，可使用以复合不定代词做主语的祈使句，句中的动词用原形。例如：
Nobody cry! = Don’t anybody cry!
都别哭！
Everyone raise hands!
统统举起手来！
四、复合不定代词的定语
复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。如：
He bought something special for his dad yesterday.
昨天他给他的爸爸买了特别的东西。
There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.
今天的报纸上没有重要的事情。
Would you like something to eat 你行要吃点东西吗？
五、复合不定代词的否定
1、“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意思是“并非都，不都”。例如：
He doesn’t know everything.
他并非事事都知道。
Not everyone likes mooncakes with nuts.
不是人人都喜欢带坚果的月饼。
2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：
It was too dark. I didn’t see anything.
= It was too dark. I saw nothing.
天太黑，我什么也看不见。
You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you
你没给谁打过电话，是吗？
= You have called no one/nobody up, have you
No one likes to make friends with me here, do they
这儿没有人喜欢和我交朋友，不是吗？
六、复合不定代词的注意点
（一）、some-， any-话区别
由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。
1、something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。例如：
He saw someone run into the building yesterday.
昨天他看见有人跑进了大楼。
Tom didn’t do anything about it.
关于这件事，汤姆什么也没有做。
2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。例如：
Could you give me something to drink
请给我点喝的东西好吗？
Why not give away something useful
为什么不捐赠一些有用的东西呢？
3、当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：
Anything is OK.
什么都行。
Anybody can work out the math problem.
任何人都能算出这道数学题。
、合分意不同
1、 someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；分开后，some one，any one，every one则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。例如：
Someone hit any one of the boys the other day.
前几天有人打了孩子们中的一个。
Everyone should save every one of the things.
大家应该节约每一样东西。
2、no one（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”，既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如：
No one can jump higher than Linda.
没有人比琳达跳得高。
None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.
这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。
小提示：回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。例如：
--Who didn’t hand in the homework books --No one.
“谁没交作业本？” “没人。”
--How many magazines do you have --None.
“你有几本杂志？” “一本也没有。”
巩固练习：
选出正确答案：
1.—Does your English teacher chat with you on QQ
—Yes, sometimes. It’s we enjoy doing at weekends.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
2. _______ is waiting for at the gate. He wants to say thanks to you.
A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Everybody D. Nobody
3. I don't have a present for my friend. What if ______ else brings a present
A. anybody B. nobody C. everyone D. none
4. This TV play can be very interesting, but can be enjoyable unless you like it.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
5. —Mum, I’m hungry. Is there to eat
—Yes, you can have some bread on the table.
A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
6. A smile costs ________, but gives so much.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. Everything
7. ______ was born being good at all things. You can do well in things through hard work. As an English learner, you can’t be excellent without enough practice.
A. Everybody B. Somebody C. Nobody D. Anybody
8. —Everyone should learn to say “I love you” to their parents often.
—I think so. _______ in life is more important than family.
A. Something B. Everything C. Anything D. Nothing
9. My host family tried to cook _____ for me when I studied in New Zealand.
A. different something B. different anything
C. something different D. anything different
10.－Have you read today’s newspaper
－No, I haven’t. Is there in it
A. something important B. anything special
C. new anything D. important something
11. —Would you like _____ to eat —No, thanks．
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
12. You don’t have a drink. Can I get you
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
13. —Morning, class. Is ________ here
—No, sir. Tom is absent.
A. anybody B. everybody
C. nobody D. somebody
14. He thinks himself somebody, but we think him______.
A. nobody B. anybody
C. somebody D. everybody
15. —I’d like a ticket to The Sound of Music. —Sorry, there is _________ left.
A. some B. none C. any D. no one
16. He’s found __________ in the bag. It’s empty.
A. everything B.nothing C.anything D.something
17.—Who helped Betty tidy up the bedroom just now
—_________. She cleaned it all by herself.
A. Somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. Anybody
18.—All the volunteers were very tired, but 　 of them took a rest.
　—They were busy looking for the missing people.
　A. neither B. all C. both　 D. None
19. —What do you think of the film So Young directed by Zhao Wei
—There is ________ exciting and I don’t like it at all.
A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything
20.—There is __________ with my pen. May I use _______
—Certainly. Here you are.
A. something wrong; your
B.wrong something; yours
C. something wrong; yours
Keys:
1-5 BACCC 6-10 CCDCB 11-15 AABAB 16-20 BBDCC

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