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2023高考专题—阅读理解—医疗健康类--1
1.2023广东佛山一模
B
Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver(肝) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published, and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune(免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.
4. What did Deveza do to save her mother
A. Carrying out a case study. B. Calling for kidney donations.
C. Launching a medical experiment. D. Trading half her liver for a kidney.
5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Patients’ desperation to survive. B. Several sources of organ donation.
C. Current situation of organ transplants. D Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
6. What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons
A. It discouraged organ donation. B. It brought two families together.
C. It met with widespread approval. D. It produced a desirable outcome.
7. What is the best title for the text
A. My Liver, Your Kidney B. Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C. Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients D. Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
2.宿州一模
D
Eating ultra-processed (超加工的) foods for more than 20％ of your daily calorie intake every day can set you on the road to cognitive (认知的) decline, according to a new study. Previous studies have found they can raise the risk of having obesity, heart and circulation problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, the new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the areas of the brain involved in executive (决策的) functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.
In fact, men and women who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster rate of global cognitive decline and a 25% faster rate of executive function decline compared with people who ate the least amount of overly processed food, the new study found. “While in need of further study and replication, the new results are quite convincing and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as we get older, ” said Tanzi, a Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study.
The study, presented on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in San Diego, followed over 10, 000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10 years. Just over half of the study participants were women.
Cognitive testing, which included immediate and delayed word recall, word recognition and verbal fluency were performed at the beginning and end of the study, and the participants were inquired about their diet. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of the total calorie intake. We eat a lot of hamburgers, chocolate and white bread. It’s not very different, unfortunately, from many other western countries,” said co-author Dr. Claudia Suemoto, an assistant professor.
Ultra-processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances (oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives”, according to the study.
12. What is Tanzi’s attitude towards the new study
A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
13. What can we know about the new study
A. Its participants were over 50 years old.
B. It followed the participants for a period of time.
C. It proved men had a faster rate of cognitive decline than women.
D. It first found ultra-processed foods could raise the risk of obesity.
14. What were the participants asked to do in the study
A. Eat their favorite foods. B. Introduce their daily routine.
C. Enhance their verbal fluency. D. Take a series of cognitive tests.
15. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. The substances of ultra-processed foods B The appropriate intake of ultra-processed foods
C Cognitive decline linked to ultra-processed foods D. Ultra-processed foods causing executive functioning loss
3. 淮北一模
D
A college professor at my university years ago shocked his class with a frog. He showed off a wood frog that was still alive but frozen solid. Then suddenly, he threw it against a wall and it broke into pieces. Everyone took a quick deep breath. Moments later, he explained that he hadn’t actually thrown the frog. For dramatic effect he had switched the frog for a large piece of ice. But the goal was to illustrate a point: That a wood frog does in fact freeze as solid as ice to survive the winter. Then it thaws again in the spring.
The wood frog is one of the most frequently studied animals on Earth that freezes. First, it’s liquid, it’s hopping around, then ice comes on it from the outside. Its skin gets frozen a little bit, its eyes glaze over, its brain freezes, and ice pushes blood to the frog’s heart before eventually that, too, is rock solid. This transition requires major changes in biochemistry. Ice slowly forms around the outside of organs and cells. At the same time, the frog’s liver pumps out incredible amounts of glucose — a sugary liquid that acts like antifreeze for vital organs — that flows everywhere including the insides of cells to keep them from dying.
But true supercooling in nature — and especially with human organs — comes with risks, says Shannon Tessier, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School who studies how suspended animation in nature can translate to human organ transplants.
Wood frogs and other animals that survive extreme conditions in nature have many applications in medicine, especially in the world of organ transplants, Tessier says. A human heart, for example, can only exist outside the body for about four hours. “So we’re trying to use the principles from wood frogs with high amounts of glucose and freeze a whole heart or other organ, keep it in suspended animation, safely awake it, and transplant it.”
12. Why did the college professor take a frog to the class
A. To show off his amazing pet. B. To switch a piece of ice with it.
C. To tell students some frog facts. D. To conduct a special experiment.
13. What does the underlined word “thaws” mean in paragraph 1
A. Freezes itself. B. Comes to life. C. Becomes warm. D. Turns back into water.
14. What protects the frozen frog from dying
A. Its icy cell. B. Its vital organ. C. Its warm blood. D. Its sugary liquid.
15. Who will probably benefit from the frog’s principles according to Shannon Tessier
A. The one who has to take a heart transplant operation.
B. The one who is applying for the Harvard Medical School.
C. The one who works on the development of a new medicine.
D. The one who plans to experience extreme conditions in nature.
4.安徽名校一模
B
Monica Bertagnolli is an oncologist (肿瘤学家) at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and a professor of surgery at Harvard Medical School. Growing up in Wyoming, she was well aware of the lack of health care resources in rural areas. Access to in-depth care for cancer patients is hard to get. She’s worked throughout her career to change that.
In Wyoming, there’s a great distance to travel between where people live and where they can find a cancer specialist. “If you need treatments and they have to be administered every day, and if it’s 120 miles from where you live, that ends up being a huge barrier to receiving the kind of care you need.”
And now Monica serves as the vice president of the Coalition (联盟) of Cancer Cooperative Groups (CCCG) — an international network of individuals who work to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer patients by increasing participation in cancer clinical trials.
She said, “One of the really important things is, we’re trying to make sure that cancer clinical trials can get to every single patient who needs them in my own state.” The coalition set up sites in northern and southern Wyoming that are able to run clinical trials. Before those trials became available, patients would usually go to Denver or Salt Lake City — a three-to-seven-hour drive.
Monica’s efforts to increase access to the health care needs of her rural Wyoming patients also include helping to develop new policies that will allow patients to participate in more clinical trials, and linking them with a regional doctor who can get them the access to the care they need.
In addition to the clinical trials, Monica said that technology’s progress like better cell phone and internet service in the mountains of Wyoming, as well as social media, has helped rural residents stay in touch with loved ones and medical professionals despite their distance. She is trying to advocate strongly for those changes to continue.
“I still consider myself part of Wyoming and I am very devoted to making sure that patients can get access to care.”
24．What do rural cancer patients in Wyoming need most
A．Health care. B．Better housing.
C．Further education. D．Public transportation.
25．How has Monica helped the cancer patients
A．By offering clinical trials. B．By advocating financial aid.
C．By improving internet service. D．By training medical professionals.
26．Which of the following can best describe Monica
A．Determined and loyal. B．Honest and generous.
C．Grateful and courageous. D．Devoted and responsible.
27．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Technology: A push for progress B．Monica: A helper for cancer patients
C．CCCG: A pioneer for cancer treatment D．Clinical trials: A hope for cancer patients
5.武汉二中高二周练4
C
Water poisoning is caused by too much consumption of water during a short period of time. Water in and of itself is not poisonous by any means, but rapid intake of a large quantity of water can break the careful balance of sodium (钠) in the body fluids (体液). This contributes to a swelling of the cells, often in the central nervous system, including the brain.
When the cells can no longer bear the pressure, they can begin to die. This is indicated in serious forms of water poisoning. Symptoms of this condition include vomiting, headache and unresponsiveness. When the sodium in the blood falls to dangerous levels, brain damage and possibly death may occur.
What is a fatal (致命的) amount of water can vary from person to person, depending on one's state of health, his or her physical activity at the time, the temperature and the amount of time in which the person consumes the water. For some, a one-time consumption of three liters can prove deadly. Although the person consuming the water may lose a lot of fluid during heavy labor or exercise, the electrolytes (电解质) are not replaced fast enough to avoid water poisoning.
Those particularly at risk for water poisoning are athletes engaged in long distance running like a marathon. Due to the need to replace large quantities of lost fluid, runners must drink a lot of water. This can lead to poisoning, so runners must replace their fluids with sports drinks that have added electrolytes. Other factors that contribute to water poisoning include activities that stimulate heavy sweating. The person working under extreme heat or intense humidity (湿气) must be careful when consuming water in order to maintain electrolyte balance. Mental diseases can also lead to water poisoning. Psychogenic polydipsia is a condition in which the affected person feels a need to drink a lot of water for unknown reasons.
28. What harm does water poisoning bring
A. It can affect brain function.
B. It disturbs the balance of sodium.
C. It causes a drop in blood pressure.
D. It tends to make its victims nervous.
29. What can we know about proper amount of water to drink
A. Three liters per day is deadly.
B. No single rule fits everyone.
C. It doesn't bother healthy people.
D. Physical activity is its decisive factor.
30. Who would probably fall victim to water poisoning
A. A patient suffering from stomachache.
B. A laborer working with heavy sweating.
C. An athlete fond of drinking sports drinks.
D. A teenager doing appropriate exercise daily.
31. What might be discussed in the paragraph that follows
A. What has been found about sports drinks.
B. What else contributes to water poisoning.
C. What are the symptoms of water poisoning.
D. What can be done to avoid water poisoning.
6.安徽A10联盟高二4月期中
C
A new recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics（儿科）says doctors should treat childhood obesity actively.
The problem of being overweight affects over 14 million American children. Doctors say carrying extra weight often results in lifelong health problems. Children can develop high blood pressure, diabetes and depression.
In the past, many doctors thought children would grow out of bad eating habits. They used the method of “wait and see” to decide what to do. But the new guidelines say overweight children should receive operations or take medicine to reduce their weight. The new guidelines recommend weight loss drugs for children as young as 12 and operations starting at 13.
Semaglutide is the drug described in the report. It has recently received approval as an obesity treatment for children 12 and older. It is reported that teenagers have used the drug and reduced their BMI by about 16%.
Ihuoma Eneli,one of the writers of the new guidelines, disagrees with the old guidelines. She said, “Waiting doesn't work.” She said doctors usually see “a continuation of weight gain and the possibility that children will have obesity in adulthood."Eneli said the drugs or operations should go along with life changes, which means children need help choosing better foods and finding ways to exercise more.
Dr.Claudia Fox,a weight management doctor at the University of Minnesota, said semaglutide helps her patients have a “possibility of even having an almost normal BMI.” Justin Ryder, a Chicago doctor, said the drug helps patients feel more full than they would be without it. “In addition,” he said, “working out is necessary.”
Dr.Stephanie Byrne, a doctor in Los Angeles, said she still wants to see more research on how semaglutide affects many different children. However, she said, she is glad pediatricians are starting to think differently about obesity. “I definitely think that diet and exercise won't do it for a number of teens who are struggling with this,” she said.
28.What does the method of “wait and see” refer to
A. Patients have to wait for new drugs. B. Patients should receive operations.
C. Doctors wait for new research. D. Doctors don't take any measures.
29.What do Ihuoma Eneli and Dr.Claudia Fox think of taking semaglutide
A. It can avoid being overweight.
B. It's better than operating on patients.
C. It should be combined with exercising.
D. It is the best option for overweight children.
30.What is Dr. Stephanie Byrne's attitude towards semaglutide
A. Supportive. B. Unfavorable. C. Cautious. D. Unconcerned.
31.Which might be the best title of the text
A.US starting to take action to deal with children obesity
B.US doctors offering new guidelines on children obesity
C. New ways found to deal with children obesity in the US
D. American children faced with the serious problem of obesity
7. 2023浙江十校三诊D
It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia(痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine(November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The others, a placebo(安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab,containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
32.What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A. The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers. B. All participants didn't receive the new drug.
C. The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants. D. It took 18 months to make the new drug.
33.The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by ____.
A. illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body B. describing how immune-system works in detail
C. making comparisons between two groups of participants D. quoting the comments of other scientists
34.Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug
A. It can't be accessed easily in daily treatment. B. It can cause some side-effects.
C. It costs too much for ordinary families. D. It needs to be further tested before its launch.
35. What does the author think of Lecanemab
A. Reliable. B. Groundbreaking C. Promising D. Risky.
8. 2023北京市第一次合格考
D
The body gives off many gases. Although some smells may signal a need to bathe or that you ate a certain meal, other gases might point to serious disease. Now, researchers have come up with a system that uses earmuffs to catch the disease-signaling gases. Doctors could get the information as patients wear a set of earmuffs. Results could be ready within minutes.
“The ear is a good place to monitor,” explains Johnson, a biomedical engineer. The ear’s skin is fairly thin, he notes. So gases don’t have to travel far to get out of the blood and escape through skin pores.
To collect the gases，Johnson and his team selected earmuffs that make a tight seal with the head. These are the type people often wear to protect the ears from loud noise. His team made two holes in the muff covering one ear. A tube slowly pumped air in one hole. Another tube pulled air out of the second hole and sent it to a sensor.
In their tests, the team found that they could measure changes in the amount of alcohol coming from the skin of the ear. It could work much like a Breathalyzer that police use to test people for driving drunk. The team invited three men. Each had to avoid drinking alcohol for at least three days before taking part. Once in the lab, these men wore the earmuffs and sat for 10 minutes as the system recorded normal gas levels leaving their ears. Afterward, the men drank a big amount of alcohol. About 7 minutes later, the earmuff system tested out a rise in alcohol leaving the skin. After 50 minutes, alcohol levels reached the peak and continued falling until the test was over.
The team then measured other gases by changing out the sensor. With the right sensor, their earmuff system could test out disease. Later, they replaced the earmuffs with a one-eared version to make it a bit more comfortable.
Johnson imagines another possible benefit. The earmuff system could help doctors tell whether a child’s ear infections have been caused by bacteria or a virus. How Each type of infection exudes different gases. That, in turn, could guide how doctors cure the disease.
28. What makes the ear a good place to monitor
A. Its small size. B. Its thin skin. C. Its clean surface. D. Its blood flow.
29. What did Johnson and his team find in their tests
A. Sensors should be examined in time. B. Drunk-driving tests were ineffective.
C. Serious diseases were difficult to identify. D. Their system could be used to tell diseases.
30. What does the underlined word “exudes” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean
A. Collects. B. Gives off. C. Cuts off. D. Uses.
31. In which section of a magazine is this passage most likely to appear
A. Politics. B. Business. C. Science. D. Entertainment.
9. 北京西城区一模
C
Imagine a simple blood test that could flag most kinds of cancers at the earliest, most curable stage. Liquid biopsies could, in theory, detect a tumor (肿瘤) well before it could be found by touch, symptoms or imaging. Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding in places needles and scalpels cannot safely reach. They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to help doctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.
Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand, because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood, but progress in recent years has been impressive. Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective study of a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers. Though far from perfect, the blood test called CancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conventional screenings.
Liquid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins, such as free-floating cancer cells themselves. But what makes the search difficult, Ana Robles, a cancer biologist of the National Cancer Institute, explains, is that “if you have an early-stage cancer or certain types of cancer, there might not be a lot of tumor DNA,” and tests might miss it. The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that even tiny tumors can be found. To tackle this challenge, CancerSEEK looks for cancer-specific mutations (突变) on 16 genes, and for eight proteins that are linked to cancer and for which there are highly sensitive tests.
Simple detection is not the only goal. An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancer so that it can be treated. “ Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer, so if you find them in blood, you don't know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,” says Anirban Maitra, a cancer scientist at the Anderson Cancer Center. To solve that problem, some newer liquid biopsies look for changes in gene expression. Such changes, Maitra notes, are “more organ-specific”.
On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer. Last year the government approved the first two such tests, which scan for tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs. Scientists are working on blood tests to detect the first signs of cancer recurrence(复发)in patients who have completed treatment. This work is moving fast, but does it save lives
That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer for their broadly ambitious screening tests. “These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and, more important, that the early detection can have an impact on cancer survival,” Maitra observes.
28. According to the passage, liquid biopsies are expected to
A. flag cancer and determine the treatment
B. detect cancer signals from a sample of blood
C. take images of tumors and prevent potential cancers
D. show types of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins
29. What can we learn from the passage
A. Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.
B. Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.
C. Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.
D. Organ-specific cancers will be identified through changes in gene expression.
30. The author is mostly concerned about whether .
A. liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings can't find
B. liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugs
C. liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancer
D. liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer prevention
10. 2023江苏百校三联
C
Activities such as art classes could be recommended as an alternative to medication for patients in England as part of a major initiative to reduce the number of people becoming dependent on prescription drugs.
The Times newspaper quotes figures showing that in the past 12 months,8.4 million adults in England were taking antidepressants（抗抑郁药），which is 8 percent higher than 2019,which has resulted in the new advice. Around 23 percent of women are on antidepressants, and 12 percent of men.
"Medicines offer a fantastic range of tools for NHS staff to provide care that can be positively life-changing," said Tony Avery, the national clinical director for prescribing at NHS England.“However, we need to be alert to the risks of some medicines, and the framework we are publishing today empowers local services to work with people to ensure they are being effectively supported when a medicine is no longer providing overall benefit.”
The NHS report drew particular attention to projects carried out in the county of Glouc-ester shire. One service, called Art on Prescription, was described as "a form of social prescription and is a non-clinical intervention delivered by art practitioners for therapeutic benefit". Another, a course called Artlift, begins with“a personalized ‘What Matters To You’conver-sation prior to the start of the program and (w)agree a personalized support plan and goals with each participant". They all reported improvement in participants' mental well-being
Actually, as long ago as September 2018, then health secretary Matt Hancock said," The evidence increasingly shows that activities like social clubs, art, ballroom dancing, and gardening can be more effective than medicines for some people and I want to see an increase in that sort of social prescribing."
28.Why does activities such as art classes are recommended for patients in England
A. Because they are more effective than medicines.
B. Because people in England prefer to attend art classes.
C. Because they can replace medication for patients in England.
D. Because they may help reduce the people's dependence on certain drugs.
29.What can we learn from Tony Avery's words
A. Medicines can provide life-changing effects all the time.
B. We need to be cautious about the dangers of some medicines.
C. The framework published is greatly supported by the local people.
D. Local services can work with patients to provide them with overall benefit.
30.What do you know about the projects carried out in the county of Gloucester-shire
A. The two projects were carried out in the rural areas of Gloucester-shire.
B. Art on Prescription was a clinical intervention delivered by art practitioners.
C. The patients' mental health in the two projects were both reported to be improved.
D.A personalized "What Matters To You" conversation started after the start of the program Artlift.
31.What's the purpose of the passage
A. To persuade people to stop taking medicine.
B. To introduce a new kind of life-changing medicine.
C. To appeal to the government to organize more social activities.
D. To recommend a way to reduce patients' dependence on prescribed drugs.
11. 2023江苏百校三联
D
While rice and wheat are the two most commonly consumed cereal grains worldwide，a study covering more than 100,000 people in Northwest China has revealed that choosing rice as a main food may result in a lower risk of obesity.
Researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong University collected data from participants aged 35 to 74 who are residents of five northwestern provincial-level regions. They divided the participants into three groups. The first group eats rice as their main food consuming it either daily or four to six times per week, while consuming wheat less than four to six times per week. The second group's main food is wheat, and the third group consumes both rice and wheat as their main food, with similar frequency.
Then the researchers compared results and found out that rice preference might be associated with a lower risk of certain obesity types in the population of Northwest China. Higher wheat intake was associated with higher risks of excessive（过量的）body fat and central obesity(stomach fat)in men and central obesity in women, according to the study findings published in the journal Nutrients.
According to the researchers，previous animal studies shows that wheat gluten（谷蛋白）promoted weight gain by reducing heat production and energy consumption, while rice protein shows the potential for anti-obesity and triglyceride-lowering（抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯）effects. Meanwhile, rice-based dietary patterns often has more fresh vegetables, meat and fish servings. People with wheat preference in Northwest China tend to eat large bowls of noodles with fewer vegetables or less meat, and sometimes even with a large amount of oil.
However, researchers noted that given the vast territory and diverse ethnic groups present in Northwest China, further studies might be necessary to fully understand the regional specificity（明确性）and potential hidden reasons for the observed links.
32.What do you know about the study in Northwest China？
A. People can eat rice to lose weight. B. Eating rice will help you live longer.
C. Rice is the perfect choice for people who are fat. D. Eating rice may reduce people's risk of being fat.
33.How did the researchers figure out the findings of the study？
A. By offering examples. B. By referring to some data.
C. By making a comparison. D. By quoting an expert's opinion.
34.What does the previous animal study show
A. Wheat gluten reduced weight gain by reducing heat and energy.
B. Rice protein has the potential to fight obesity and lower triglyceride.
C. People often eat noodles with more fresh vegetables, meat and fish servings.
D. People who prefer wheat in Northwest China tend to cat small bowls of noodles.
35.What will the researchers probably do next？
A. They will carry out further studies. B. They will change their research methods.
C. They will promote rice as the main food. D. They will figure out the number of ethnic groups in China.
12.2023重庆育才高三开学考
C
Facebook lets friends connect. They can give each other updates, share photos and post comments. But that’s not all.
Facebook might also stress users out.
In a new study, 88 volunteers revealed how much time they spent on Facebook and the types of Facebook posts and comments that they made. In addition, they answered questions about their feelings and state of mind. They also offered saliva. Researchers tested it for cortisol（皮质醇）. This chemical is a stress hormone. Levels of it vary throughout the day.
In this study, people with the most Facebook friends, more than 300, had somewhat higher cortisol levels. Additionally, the more Facebook friends that users had, the more likely they were to feel anxious. On the other hand, youths who gave lots of “likes” and supportive comments on Facebook had lower cortisol levels. “The more social support you give to others, the lower your stress hormone levels will be,” says Lupien.
“This research decidedly combines the social science approach and the medical science approach on an important question in our social-media age,” says Wenhong Chen, a sociologist at the University of Texas at Austin. “It's really pleasantly new to see Lupien’s team study cortisol levels—along with questionnaire data.”
One finding from Lupien's work surprised Chen. Teens who felt they got a lot of support from others also had higher cortisol levels. Usually, she says, those feelings should protect people from stress. “There are many potential dangers of social media use among young people,” Chen notes. So, she says, enjoy Facebook, but be aware of the risks.
Lupien suggests that teen Facebook users share information with and support their friends on the site. They shouldn’t just stay silent. “if anyone is more stressed, it's the watchers, not the sharers,” she says. Also, she recommends that people who use social media heavily should find time to take active walks, to run or to do other activities. Cortisol increases a person's energy. “The best way to reduce stress hormones is to use the energy, '' she says.
What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
research applications B. research backgrounds
C. research contents D. research results 29.What should we do if we want to feel less stressed
Share as many photos as possible.
Listen to music frequently on social media.
Give more positive comments to others.
Communicate less with others on Facebook.
What is Wenhong Chen's attitude towards Lupien’s study
Cautious B. Critical. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 31.What can be learned from Lupien’s suggestion
There are many dangers on social media.
Doing physical exercise helps reduce the levels of cortisol.
Sharers on Facebook live a happier life than watchers.
Getting support from e-friends makes us healthier.
13.2023杭州一模
D
For most of our history, humans have been short, a study has found. Until around 150 years ago, few people grew taller than 170 centimetres.
Christiane Scheffler at the University of Potsdam and Michael Hermanussen in Altenhof have spent several years studying the height of people from a wide range of populations. In their latest paper, they combined an existing data of more than 6000 prehistoric human skeletons with multiple studies of more recent historical populations from Europe and the US. They also included their own data on 1666 present-day school children from Indonesia.
In the prehistoric populations, the maximum height for men was 165 to 170 centimetres, while women topped out at 160cm. Today, men in England have an average height of around 175 cm, while for women it is about 162 cm.
But there is significant variation between modern countries. The Indonesian school children in the study were shorter than similarly aged children from the US, despite being well-nourished.
Scheffler and Hermanussen argue that height can be a signal of dominance(显赫地位), so in societies where it is possible to move up through the social classes, evolution favours individuals who reach a greater height.
Subramanian at Harvard University isn’t convinced by the pair’s interpretation. His team previously showed that the best predictor of a child’s height is the height of their parents. This suggests that the influence of other factors, such as social mobility, is limited.
After assessing nearly 163,000 children living in 55 low and middle-income countries, Subramanian’s team found that 42.9 percent had poor nutrition but’ no ‘sign of stunting(阻碍发育) or other physical indicators of this fact.
This implies there is a lot of hidden malnutrition that doesn’t reveal itself through stunting. A person’s nutritional condition should be assessed by looking at their diet not their height, says Subramanian.
12. How did Scheffler and Hermanussen conduct the research
A. Studying the skeletons of prehistoric human.
B. Combining existing data with recent research.
C. Assessing children living in various income areas.
D. Analyzing the results of other scientists’ researches.
13. What’s Subramanian’s attitude towards the explanation of Scheffler and Hermanussen
A Worried. B. Cautious. C. Doubtful. D. Supportive.
14. What can we infer from Subramanian’s study
A. Poor nutrition delays physical development.
B A balanced diet contributes to growing taller.
C. High social classes can reach a greater height.
D. A human’s height has little to do with nutrition.
15. What is the text mainly about
A. The significance that lies in nutrition.
B. The factors that influence human’s height.
C. The importance that humans attach to height.
D. The reasons why prehistoric humans were short.
14.2023杭州重点中学3月联考
C
"Sunshine might be healthier than most people think, outweighing the risk of skin cancer", British doctors suggested last week. The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Experts agree exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, "There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer."
Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with a protective effect against heart disease.
Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the "feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun". The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.
"Perhaps, while we await the conclusions of such formal analyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun small." they added.
Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scientific evidence. Britain's Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50, 000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2, 000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 percent of cases were fatal. The authority's skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, "We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn't have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of "good health education".
28. What can we learn about the four researchers in the first paragraph
A. They were accused of warning people of the danger of too much sun
B. They agreed exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays accelerated people's aging.
C. They publicized the negative effect of the sun on the incidence of skin cancer
D. They believed being exposed to sunlight might be beneficial to people's health.
29. What will the Bristol team support
A. Children should cover up in the sunlight.
B. Sunshine helps to treat some skin conditions.
C. Those enjoying the sun are free of skin cancer.
D. People should currently spend more time in the sun
30. What does the "good health education" in the last paragraph refer to
A. Warning people of the danger of too much sunlight.
B. Informing people of the benefits of exposure to sunlight.
C. Convincing people of the effect of sun on skin conditions
D. Reminding people of the good feeling of lying or sitting in the sun.
31. What is the main idea of this passage
A. More people are dying from skin cancer.
B. Sunshine does more harm than good to skin.
C. Sunshine can prevent heart disease in children
D. A study found sunshine has lots of benefits
15.2023台州二检
D
Alarming levels of dangerous chemicals known as Perfluorinated Alkylated Substances（PFAS）were discovered in food packaging at a number of well-known fast-food restaurants and grocery store chains, a new report found. The report comes more than two years into the Covid-19 pandemic, when the public has relied heavily on takeout and grocery deliveries.
Often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down in the environment, PFAS are used in food packaging to prevent grease（油脂）and water from soaking through food wrappers and cups. PFAS can also be found in the ink used to print logos and instructions on food containers.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls exposure to PFAS a “public health concern", citing that the human-made chemicals can harm the immune system and reduce a person's resistance to infectious diseases.
Regulatory limits for how much PFAS food packaging should contain can vary greatly. For instance, a new law in California set the limit at less than 100 ppm. "Compared to America, Denmark sets a much lower regulatory limit of 20 ppm with great success,” said Xenia Trier, an expert at the European Environment Agency. "It does work to set limits and enforce them. PFAS do migrate from the paper into the food. Even though it was not 100%, we still saw considerable transmission. In general, transmission from packaging to food is increased as the temperature of the food rises. It is the same with the time spent in wrapping materials." Trier told NBS, one of the major American mass-media companies.
In response to the issue, Whole Foods became the first grocery chain to publicly commit to remove PFAS from takeout containers and bakery paper. Many other companies followed suit. Experts say people who want to avoid PFAS in their takeout and food delivery packaging should favor companies that have promised to remove the chemicals. “As soon as you receive your takeout, you'd better take food out of the container immediately, and never reheat food in its original container. Instead, remove your food and heat it in ceramic（陶瓷的）or glass containers.” Trier said.
32. What can we learn about PFAS in food packaging
A. They have been used for two years. B. They do little harm to consumers' health.
C. They are used to break down the chemicals. D. They can make wrappers resistant to grease and water.
33. What is Xenia Trier's attitude to setting a lower limit of PFAS
A. Favorable. B. Neutral. C. Ambiguous. D. Opposed.
34. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A. Considerable migration of grease and water. B. PFAS transmission from packaging to food.
C. Wrapper exposure to high food temperature. D. Regulatory limits concerning food packaging.
35. What is the main idea of the text
A. Food packaging contains dangerous chemicals.
B. Consumers are recommended to have PFAS—free products.
C. PFAS found in food packaging has become a great concern.
D. The government has taken measures to reduce PFAS exposure.
16. 16. 2023绍兴二模
D
You know exercise is heart smart and good for you. But do you really know how much physical activity you're getting Studies show that using a fitness tracker—a device that tracks your movement-can increase your steps per day by more than a mile.
"Fitness trackers are a great tool for heart health," says cardiologist (心脏病医生) Seth Martin. "Being more active and changing your habits is important but difficult. Tracking likely helps people when combined with a clear goal to shoot for."
Having an objective daily record can open people's eyes to how little exercise they're getting, Martin says, which can recalibrate their mindset (心态) and get motivated. People find ways to incorporate(融入)more activities into their day, walking during meetings, or simply taking the stairs instead of an elevator. "Fitness tracking gives people information and enables them to start making changes for heart health," Martin says.
Try a few trackers until you find one that's comfortable for you and your budget. Martin suggests, "Once you've made a match, you can try the next steps: Use the tracker consistently every day. Set a goal and then find activities you enjoy that also fit into your daily life and can be sustained over the long term. Finally, encourage friends and family to use trackers as well. It can create a social support network and even foster a sense of competition. Follow these tips, and you'll be on your way to a healthier lifestyle and a healthier heart."
So be ready, as doctors learn and introduce even better ways to use these devices. In a randomized clinical trial, Martin and his colleagues tested an automated, real-time, personalized program that sent coaching text messages to cardiology patients based on data from a wearable device paired with their phone. Over the short term, this coaching system helped increase step counts by over a mile a day beyond tracking alone. "I think technology can be a very powerful tool to get people moving more," says Martin.
32. According to paragraphs 1-2, what do people fail to do when exercising
A. Integrate movement into work.
B. Maintain a daily exercise schedule.
C. Kick improper habits of exercising.
D. Monitor the amount of physical activity.
33. What does the underlined word "recalibrate" in paragraph 3 mean
A.Adjust. B. Abandon. C.Strengthen. D. Evaluate.
34. What does Martin suggest people do
A. Encourage the family to attend competitions.
B. Take exercise under the guidance of a coach.
C. Purchase a proper device and use it every day.
D. Consult a doctor and decide on suitable activities.
35. What does Martin think of the future of fitness trackers
A. Uncertain. B. Promising. C.Doubtful. D. Sustainable.
17.2023浙江强基联盟上学期12月
D
The microbiome is the collection of all microbes (微生物), such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other life, which naturally live in an individual, be it a person or a plant. For humans and many other species, the best characterized microbiome centers on the bacteria in the gut (肠). The more microbiologists study these gut microbes, the more they link the bacteria to functions of their hosts. In humans, gut bacteria influence how the body responds to disease-causing bacteria, or interact with the brain, affecting the mood.
Andrew Moeller is an evolutionary biologist at Cornell University. Six years ago, he and his colleagues reported the work showing human gut microbes are very similar to those in other primates (灵长类), suggesting their presence predates the evolution of humans. But his follow-up studies indicate the human gut microbiome has changed greatly, compared with our current primate cousins. He found 85 microbial varieties in the guts of wild monkeys, but just 55 in people in US cities. Besides, people in less developed parts of the world have between 60 and 65 of those bacterial groups.
“Changes in diet as humans moved on from their hunter-gatherer past and into cities, antibiotic (抗生素) use, more life stresses, and better hygiene are all possible contributors to that great change in gut microbes,” says Reshmi Upreti, a microbiologist at the University of Washington, Bothell. Several researchers have argued that this lower diversity could contribute to increases in various diseases.
However, Kyle Meyer, a microbiologist at UC Berkeley, argues such loses are not necessarily a problem. “Maybe we don’t need them,” he points out. But Moeller is worried. “We are really doing some scary stuff to our microbiomes,” he warns. Moeller and others also suggest identifying the missing microbes may be the first step in bringing them back. “If we determine that these groups were providing important functions to keep humans healthy,“Upreti says, “perhaps we can restore them by introducing probiotics (益生菌) to the digestive system through foods and supplements.”
12. What conclusion do microbiologists probably draw about gut microbes
A. They are crucial to humans’ health.
B. They can easily adapt to new hosts.
C. They encourage the growth of disease-causing bacteria.
D. They vary greatly from individual to individual.
13. What do Andrew Moeller’s follow-up studies imply
A. Humans need fewer gut microbes to digest than other primates.
B. The variety of human gut microbes has reduced greatly.
C. Human gut microbes are very similar to those in monkeys.
D. The presence of gut microbes accelerates the evolution of humans.
14. What does Reshmi Upreti suggest
A. Ignoring the loss of microbes.
B. Recognizing the lost microbes.
C. Regaining the lost microbes through balanced diets.
D. Recovering the lost microbes with the help of probiotics.
15. What would be the best title for the text
A. The importance of Microbiome to Primates
B. The Wide Diversity of Human Microbiome
C. The Loss of Gut Bacteria in Modern Humans
D. The Number of Gut Bacteria in Different Species
18.2023浙江强基联盟上学期仿真
D
The title of psychiatrist Anna Lembke's book, Dopamine Nation ： Finding Balance in the Age of Indulgence, refers to the crucial yet destructive role that dopamine （多巴胺）plays in modern society.
Dopamine the main chemical involved in addiction is secreted from nerve tracts （神经束）in the brain following a rewarding experience such as finding food clothing or shelter. Nature has designed our brains to feel pleasure when these experiences happen because they increase our odds of survival.
But the days when our species struggled for survival are over. Dopamine Nation explains how modern life has made us vulnerable to dopamine-related addiction. Today, social media is often the addictive substance of choice.
Lembke found that feel-good substances and behaviors increase dopamine release. The brain responds by decreasing overall dopamine transmission. Repeated exposure to similar stimuli creates a chronic dopamine-shortage state wherein we're less able to experience pleasure.
There are two risk factors for addiction： easy access and speedy reward. The smartphone is like a heroin （海洛因）needle delivering digital dopamine for a wired generation. It delivers images to our visual cortex （大脑皮层）that are tough to resist. Social-media apps like TikTok cause the release of large amounts of dopamine just like heroin making us vulnerable to overconsumption.
Our brains cannot process the comparisons the virtual world demands. We can become overwhelmed by our inability to measure up to “perfect“ people who exist only in the Matrix and may sink into depression. Social media often feels good while we're using it, but horrible when we stop.
Luckily there is an antidote： a timeout—at least for a day. However more time is needed away from our drug of choice whether it's heroin or Instagram. A monthlong dopamine fast will decrease the anxiety that social media causes and enhance our ability to enjoy more modest rewards again.
32.What's the function of dopamine in human's struggle to survive
A. To enrich people's daily necessities like shelter.
B. To reveal the truth of humans’ brain nerve tracts.
C. To reduce the possibility of the addition to dopamine.
D. To maximize the chance of survival with positive emotion.
33. What may be the result of smartphone addiction according to the passage
A. Visual reaction will slow down.
B. Negative emotion will take place.
C. Dopamine release will be interrupted.
D. The brain will consume more energy.
34.What does the underlined word “antidote” probably mean in the last paragraph
A. cure B. expectation C. consequence D. reference
35.What may be the best title of the passage
A. Lembke's Book—A Big Hit
B. Brain—Adapted or Declining
C. Dopamine—Balance of This Age
D. Social Media—Modern Day Heroin
19.2023浙江七彩联盟高三下学期返校考
D
The human brain is the most complex and poorly understood biological structure known to man. Our human brain is relatively large for our body size and wrinkled in comparison to other animals' brains.Across species,brain size and wrinkle number is related to intelligence.
University of Copenhagen researchers have made an incredible discovery seeking to learn more about the mammalian (哺乳动物的) brain. A vital enzyme,a special material,allows brain signals to be transmitted or transported. The enzyme is randomly turning on and off,even taking hours-long "breaks from work." These discoveries could have a significant impact on our understanding of the brain and the development of medicines. The discovery is featured on the cover of Nature.
Millions of neurons (神经元) are constantly communicating with one another,shaping thoughts and memories and allowing us to move our bodies at will. Neurotransmitters are transported from one neuron to another by a unique enzyme when two neurons meet to exchange a message.
This process is necessary for neuronal communication as well as the survival of all complex organisms (extremely small living things). Until now, researchers all over the world assumed that these enzymes were constantly active,transmitting vital signals. However,this is not the case.
It is almost impossible to understand that the extremely critical process of loading neurotransmitters in containers is carried out by only one cell per container. Especially when we find that 40%of the time these cells are switched off.
Using a new method,researchers from the Department of Chemistry at the University of Copenhagen closely examined the enzyme and discovered that its activity switches on and off at random periods of time,contradicting our previous understanding.
"Contrary to popular belief,and unlike many other proteins,these enzymes could stop working for minutes to hours. Still,the brains of humans and other mammals are miraculously able to function," says Professor Dimitrios Stamou, who led the study from the research center at the University of Copenhagen's Department of Chemistry.
32. What is implied in the second paragraph
A. The enzyme is continuously turning on and off.
B. Enzyme does not affect the transmission of brain signals.
C. No enzyme has been found in the mammalian brain so far.
D. Scientists used to think the special enzyme does not take a break.
33. How could we move our bodies as we like
A. The communication between neurons happens without stop.
B. We shape our thoughts though we may not have good memories.
C. The newly found unique enzyme is at the most time switched off.
D. Neurotransmitters transport a unique enzyme from one neuron to another.
34. Why do the scientists think the discovery unbelievable
A. There is enzyme in mammalian brains.
B. Mammalian brains function as human' s.
C. One cell can have such an important function.
D.40%of the critical cells are actually switched off.
35. What can be the best title for the passage
A. A Surprising Significant Finding about Mammalian Brains
B. A Very Important Research Led by Professor Dimittrios Stamou
C. Researches on Brains of Animals Being Carried out By Scientists
D. A Completely New Method Employed by the Department of Chemistry
20. 20.2023 金丽衢十二校3月考
D
Body mass index (BMI) has long been foundational in healthcare around the world. The simple equation (方程) of weight relative to height has been used to determine your risk for certain diseases. But researchers have been questioning the value of BMI in individual health assessment now.
BMI was never intended to measure individual health. It was developed in the early 1800s to study weight variations across entire population. "BMI is a rigid number based on old data," says Fatima Stanford, a professor at Harvard Medical School. And it's far from perfect in terms of the cutoffs (分界点) designed to indicate risk, she added.
A study estimated that more than 74 million American adults were miscategorized (被误分类) as unhealthy or healthy based on their BMI alone. Nearly half of people considered over weight and 29 percent categorized as obese were actually healthy. Thirty percent of those considered to be at a normal weight had heart issues.
Part of the problem is that BMI doesn't tell the difference between weight from fat and muscle. So bodybuilders and athletes with high muscle mass may be categorized as overweight or obese. And even among people who do have higher body fat, BMI doesn't tell physicians anything about how the fat is distributed-a key connection to disease risk.
Furthermore, BMI cutoffs are largely based on data from western populations, making it a problem to apply this measurement to the diverse American population. There's growing evidence that body composition varies from race to race. African Americans, for example, are likely to carry more fat around the hips than white Americans. A study showed that for black adults in the U.S., having a higher BMI (25 and over) did not carry the same risk of death as it did in white adults.
Regardless of the BMI category you fall into, it's important to find a healthcare provider who will look beyond that number to get a whole picture of your health. Because despite the view that people with a higher BMI have a greater risk for a number of diseases than thinner people, the research shows it's not that simple.
32. What do we know about BMI
A. It acts a decisive part in healthcare.
B. It does well indicating health risks.
C. It's intended to measure individual health.
D. It shows the relation between weight and height.
33. Why may some bodybuilders and athletes be miscategorized as overweight
A. They provided wrong data.
B. BMI took their muscle for fat.
C. BMI failed to indicate fat distribution.
D. No other measurements were used than BMI.
34. Which of the following is right according to Paragraph 5
A. BMI cutoff of African Americans is 25.
B. BMI is accurate for people from different races.
C. BMI cutoffs can't apply to all the people in the U.S.
D. White adults are less likely to carry the risk of death than black adults.
35. What is the author's attitude towards BMI
A. Cautious. B.Dependent.
C. Convinced. D. Disapproving.
21.湖衢丽4月考
C
In countries around the world, women do more unpaid labor-housework, child and elder care, and the mental load of managing a family-than men. New research suggests it takes a health toll（代价）on many of them.
An analysis of 19 studies covering 70,310 people globally, which is published this month in The Lancet（柳叶刀）Public Health，found that the more of this labor women do，the worse their mental health. The findings point out women are more often diagnosed with anxiety and depression than men.
Housework and child care, the research found, have much less of an impact on men's mental health. That’s probably because they do so much less of it. In the United States, women do an average 4.5 hours of such work a day, compared with 2.8 hours for men, according to data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In Greece, women do 4.3hours while men do an hour and a half. Even in the most gender-equal countries, like Sweden, women do 50 minutes more a day than men.
It's also because the type of such work men do is generally less time-sensitive. For example, men are more often responsible for outdoor tasks, like mowing the lawn, that are done less often and on their own schedule. Women are more likely to take on daily tasks that need to be done at certain times, like preparing meals or cleaning up.
Social expectations probably also play a role. Studies have shown that women feel pressure to keep their homes clean, for instance, and feel judged if they don’t. Men, on the other hand, are often praised for doing daily tasks like taking a child to an appointment.
The Lancet researchers said that drawing clear conclusions from the 19 studies was difficult and that more research would be welcome.
28.How does the author show the research findings in paragraph 2 and 3
A.By giving examples.
B.By listing figures.
C.By making analysis.
D.By telling stories.
29.What does the underlined word “time-sensitive" mean in paragraph 4
A. Flexible.
B. Valuable.
C. Demanding in timing.
D. Challenging in skills.
30.What can we learn from paragraph 5
A.Women are generally expected to do more household labor.
B.Women will be punished by judges if they don't keep their homes clean.
C.Men feel stressed more often when they can't take their children to the dentist.
D.Men are supposed to take a child to an appointment instead of doing other housework.
31.What is the text mainly about
A.Facts that men and women are unequal.
B.Bad effects that housework has on women.
C.Responsibilities that women share in families.
D.Reasons why unpaid labor hurts women more mentally.
22.2023金华十校二模
D
U.S. teens spend more than eight hours a day on screens, and there's growing concern over how social media may affect their mental health. Now,a new study has found that limiting screen time to about one hour a day helped anxious teens feel better about their body image and their appearance.
The study arose from the personal experience of Helen Thai,a doctoral student in psychology at MeGill University.“What I noticed when I was engaging in social media was that I couldn't help but compare myself,"Thai says. She was well aware that social media posts often feature polished, airbrushed or filtered images that can alter(改变) appearances in an unrealistic way, but it still affected her negatively.
So,Thai and a team of researchers decided to test whether cutting time on social media platforms including Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat would improve body image. They recruited a few hundred volunteers, all of whom had experienced symptoms of anxiety or depression, which could make them vulnerable to the effects of social media. Half of the participants were asked to reduce their social media to 60 minutes a day for three weeks while the other half continued to use social media with no restrictions, which averaged about three hours per day.
The researchers gave the participants surveys at the beginning and end of the study, which included statements such as “I'm pretty happy about the way I look,” and “I am satisfied with my weight.”Among the group that cut social media use, the overall score on appearance improved from 2.95 to 3.15 on a 5-point scale. This may seem like a small change, but any shift in such a short period of time is striking, the authors say.
“The study is encouraging,but it only included people who had symptoms of anxiety or depression. It's worth evaluating this approach with other groups, such as people with or at risk of eating disorders. It's also possible that the benefits of cutting back could extend more broadly to anyone in this age group,"says Psychologist Andrea Graham,co-director of the Center for Behavioral Intervention at Northwestern University.
32.What problem may social media bring to teenagers according to Thai
A. They may become addicted to the Internet.
B. They tend to become sensitive to others'comments.
C. They may have unrealistic expectations of their image.
D. They tend to compare themselves with the images posted online.
33.What can we lear about the participants during the study
A. They scored their appearance twice.
B. Half of them stopped using social media.
C. They hoped to improve their body image.
D. Most of them showed dissatisfaction with their weight.
34.What did Graham think of the study
A. It was a good try but had limitations.
B. It was well designed but poorly conducted.
C.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
D. It was encouraging but the evidence was unreliable.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Shorter Screen Time, Better Feelings on Look
B. How to Help Teenagers Limit Screen time
C. How Social Media Changes

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