资源简介

情态动词&语法填空
学习目标：1.掌握语法填空题常考情态动词；2.能在具体的语境中灵活运用语法考点。
引入：
1. “Do you think he is lazy ” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
【参考答案】A
【思路解析】从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A.
2. Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied
【参考答案】B
【思路解析】既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D.
3. －There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
－It_________a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
【参考答案】D
【思路解析】A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustn’t have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。
4. –I can’t find my purse anywhere.
--You _______ have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
【参考答案】A
【思路解析】句意：--我到处找不到我的钱包。 --你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。根据句意首先排除C、D两项；can表示实际的可能性时，只能用于否定句、疑问句，故B被排除；A项表示推测时常用于肯定句。
知识要点：
语法填空考点概述
出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 备考之道
设关键词 形容词/副词 比较级 准确判断考点，并且熟练掌握比较级、最高级变化规则和特殊情况
最高级
动词 时态 关注各个时态的用法和常见考点如完成时
语态 结合主语和动词用法，合理判断
不定式 合理判断非谓语类型；关注时态和语态
动名词
分词
不设 关键词 冠词 定冠词，不定冠词 准确判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词 搭配及其他 当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意积累常考介词
代词 人称物主代词 注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应
不定代词
反身单词
it 形式主语、形式宾语、强调句、指代上文事物
情态动词 动词的意义 注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
连接词 定语从句 熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系
【知识梳理】1. 语法新题型之动词考点精析
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ (enter)a good college.
【解析】key: to enter。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即，句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。
2. While shopping, people sometimes can't help _____ (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.
【解析】key: being persuaded 句中的 can't help 意为"禁不住",但是根据句意应该是被动形式，所以是being persuaded
3. Experts believe that by the year 2020, the problems that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals, and the energy sources of the sea__________ (solve) to a great extent.
【解析】 key: will have been solved solve作为谓语动词，时间状语是by the year 2020, 所以用将来完成时态。考虑到句子需要被动，所以答案为will have been solved。
4. The group of socialists were wondering themselves which member they should have ________(attend) the public speech for freedom.
【解析】 key: attend wonder作为谓语动词，其宾语为宾语从句，在从句中，涉及到have sb do的结构，即让某人做某事，所以答案为attend。
The journey they took becomes a story of people’s willingness ________(engage) with a creature that mirrors the human’s characteristics of being easily harmed, of being lost, and of having goals but not being able to achieve them directly.
【解析】key: to engage 不定式to engage在句子中作willingness的同位语，类似结构有the need to do 及the advice to do 等。
6. This mismatch between collecting social information and using it _________(show) that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously ignored.
【解析】 key: shows between collecting social information and using it在句子中修饰mismatch, 因此show在句子中作谓语动词，根据句意，填shows.
【巩固练习】
1. We should soon forget wrong done by our friends as writing on sand gets ________ (erase) in no time, but if they do something good for us we should always remember their kindness just as writing on stones is forever
2.Jay saw this and, without thinking for a second, ________ (jump) into the river.
3.Deep reading is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, allusion (暗示) and metaphor: by creating a mental representation on the same brain regions as if the scene ________ (happen) in real life.
4.Experts also claims that the oral tradition of passing on knowledge _________(destroy), with both adults and children spending too much time looking at screens.
5.The findings show that listening, repetition and conversation are vital to ___________(learn) language.
6."The bar is lower, and Dad is OK with that," Gilbert Cote said, adding that the way families—even those that espouse egalitarian ideals—celebrate the two holidays __________(reinforce) such stereotypes.
7.Then in 1982, I passed the detective’s test for the Criminal Investigation Bureau (CIB) and ______(assign) to the Interpol Division.
8.A vacation allows you the opportunity to recharge your physical and emotional batteries, disconnect from everyday concerns, and return to work rested and _______(refresh).
9.If you think showing up promptly at the time given on the invitation, _______(arm) with gifts of wine and roses, complimenting your hostess on her cooking, laughing heartily at the host’s jokes and then leaping up to help the hostess will make you the perfect guest, think again.
10. According to Beijing’s rules and regulations, such film shooting must first be approved and the set should be removed after the shooting with all the processes ______(leave) cultural relics unharmed
1.erased 2. jumped 3. has happened 4. is being destroyed 5. Learning
6. reinforces 7. was assigned 8. refreshed 9. Armed 10. having
【知识梳理】 2. 语法新题型之连词考点精析
1、But what is unique about this shoe is ____26___ it was found.
【解析】答案where。这是个表语从句，根据上下文句义推断填where。
2、The subject finally turned to friendship and ____33____ perishable it seems to be these days!
【解析】答案how。这是个and连接的并列句，后半个分句是how引导的感叹句。
3、Next to a red-frame house were the footings of ____35____ had been a sizable structure.
【解析】答案what。这是of后面引导的宾语从句，从句缺主语，所以填what。
4、My friend said he had turned the incident over and over in his mind, and finally came to recognize some parallels between building a friendship: _______ ___38___ _______ strong you are, how notable your attainments, you have enduring significance only in your relationship to others.
【解析】答案now matter how。本句是让步状语从句，根据strong和句义可以推断应该填no matter how。
5、You have to remember that strength, however massive, can’t endure ___39___ it has the interlocking support of others.
【解析】答案unless。根据句义可以推断本句为条件状语从句。
6、Triathlete Beth Sanden’s life was completely changed ___25____ a bicycle accident had put her in a wheelchair.
【解析】答案after。由于a bicycle accident had put her in a wheelchair.是过去完成时，所以根据题意 Triathlete Beth Sanden的生活被完全的改变在一起自行车事故把她的生活推进了轮椅之后，所以是after 。
【巩固练习】
1、Read “Marathon Lady” to find out ___26____ she resumed competing in marathons and triathlons without having to use her legs!
2、The citizens of Pasadena, California are hosting “The Repair Cafe”, a place ___27____ people volunteer and receive help repairing old items such as jewelry, computers, tools and more.
3、Those ___35____ diets were most healthful were least likely to experience cognitive decline, and those with the least healthful diets were most likely.
4、Poor nutrition is likely to rob the body and brain of vitamins and minerals that not only promote the generation of healthy new cells ___38____ help guard against inflammation, help break down fats and protect cells from stress.
5、______ we normally keep displays up for a week, we kept the job resources display up for months.
6、______ ______ ______ there are libraries here, there will always be hope.
7、To know English is to be included in the rest of the world, (39) ______ ______ your world is limited to China.
8、One of the reasons behind it is (26) ______ the air contains many living things that can harm our food.
9、All living things need water and man discovered that (28) ______ the water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is prevented.
10、This was the first refrigerator cars and mechanical refrigerator at homes and stores and other places (32) ______ need them.
11、Mt. Qomolangma was first conquered in 1953, (33) ______ Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing, his guide, became the first climbers to reach the top.
12、Many people wonder (39) ______ guides can hope to look after their inexperienced climbers when they fail to keep themselves alive.
13、______ these expeditions are safe or not, many climbers feel they have turned Mt. Qomolangma into a business, like a park for the very rich people
14、 As young people aren’t allowed to drive unsupervised (无人监管的) ________ they are 18, cycling offers Dutch teenagers an alternative form of freedom.
how, where, whose, but, While/Although, As long as, even if, that, when/if, which, when, how, whether, until
【知识梳理3】 语法填空不给词空格汇总
I．常考状语从句连接词：
时间：when, as, while, before, after, since ,the first time ,next time ,till/until, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as, every time, each time, next time, by the time
1）It will be ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before 一般现在时 “还要过多久才……”
2）It will be not ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before一般现在时 “不多久就……”
3）It was ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before一般过去时 “过了……才”
4）It is + 一段时间 ＋ since 引导的时间从句 （从句用一般过去时）
5）主语 was doing/about to do/ on the point of doing when 一般过去时句子
某人正在/将做……这时突然……
条件：unless, if ,as/so long as=on condition that, as far as, given that, what if
让步: whether…or/or not, while, though, even though, even if, although, as, no matter wh- 与 wh-ever
原因：because, as, for, since, now that, in that
目的：so that, in order that, in case, for fear that
结果：so that, so…that, such…that
地点：where
方式：as if, as though, as, just as,
比较：…than…
II．并列连词：
and, but, or, so
not only…but (also)…
not…but…
either…or…
neither…or…
III. 名词性从句：
（1）及物动词或介词后的从句：宾语从句（that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever ）
(2) be动词或系动词后的从句：表语从句（that, because, as if/though, whether, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever ）
(3)整个从句为主语：主语从句（that, whether, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever）
(4)在名词后，而且多数是在抽象名词后，从句不缺成分，或连接词也不代指前面的名：同位语从句（主要考查that, whether）
(5) 名词从句中，从句缺主语或宾语的，多考察what(物)/who（人）；从句主干完整的，啥都不缺的且陈述事实填that；从句主干完整的，但感觉需要状语的，选when,where,why,how
(6)难点易错点：
a. 第二个宾语从句（不缺成分，表示事实）开始的that不可以省略。
b. 名词性从句如果是：____________adj./adv. 主谓. How
________n. 主谓. What
c. suggest、propose及其变形引导的名词性从句，要考虑that 主语 （should）动词原形。
d. what 表示疑问语气，相当于something that; 而whatever相当于与anything that。
who表示疑问语气，相当于someone who; 而whatever相当于与anyone who。
IV．定语从句：
（1）名词或代词后的从句，而且连接词一定做成分，感觉先行词要在从句中出现。
（2）关系代词：that，who, which, whose, whom, as（搭配：such…as, the same…as…, as…as）
关系副词：when, where, why
(3) 定语从句缺宾语或主语等主干的，选关系代词that，who, which；定语从句主干完整的选关系副词when, where, why或whose。
（4）难点易错点：
a. 先行词是all、something、anything、nothing、或被不定代词修饰，或被序数词最高级等修饰时，或有人有物等，只填that。
应对策略：除非限制性定语从句、指人的不定代词和介词后外，都填that。
b. 介词+which
c. 引导非限制性定语从句中，不可以用that。此外注意as和which的区别。
d．先行词为指人的不定代词时（someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, nobody），填who
V.特殊句型：
强调句，It is/was… that/who…。当看见it was/is开头的句型，首先想到强调句，如何把It is/was…_____....去掉后依然是完整的句子，则是强调句。
VI.常考的两空和三空的连接词：
两空连词：
表时间：every/each time, the moment
表原因： now that
表让步： even if/even though
表方式： as if/ as though；just as
表目的： so that；in case
表结果： so that；so…that
定语从句中：介词+ which
表条件： what if，given that
表除了： except when/that
表语从句：as if/ as though
三空连词：
表目的： in order that, for fear that
表时间： as soon as
表条件： as/so long as, on condition that
表程度： as far as
表让步： no matter how+ adj.
no matter what+ n.
VII. 介词：
(1)位于非主干位置，且结构为：n./pron._____n./pron./doing
(2)考察本义的，需要结合句子意思；考察搭配的，需要熟记用法和搭配。
（3）常考介词：
一空：
despite, from, to, between, outside, beyond, with, without, within, as, of, at, in, on, against, like, for, across, by, through, among, past, except
两空：
表原因： because of/due to/owing to
表让步： regardless of
表相反： instead of, rather than
表除了： apart from, except for, other than
表例举： such as
三空：
表让步： in spite of
表并列： in addition to, as well as
表目的： in case of
VIII. 冠词：
______n.
注意同位语的考查。
the和one’s的差异：
前文提到所属关系时，一般填one’s(his,my等)，没有的话填the，表特指，含有“这”的意思。
VIIII. 代词：
只单纯的缺主语/宾语/定语/表语，一般考查代词。注意根据后面的谓语动词或者定语从句分析来选择一些作主语的代词。
人称代词的主格、宾格、形容词性所有格、名词性所有格
反身代词：
搭配：by oneself, teach oneself
独立使用，句子很完整，啥都不缺，表示某人自己
不定代词：
somebody, something, someone, anybody, anything, anyone, nobody, nothing
all, much, both, none, either, neither
other, others, another
注意搭配：some…others…still others
(4)指示代词：
it, one, ones, that, those
注意: that=the+不可数名词或可数名词单数
those=the+可数名词复数
X. 情态动词：
(1)主语______动词原形/have done…
(2)一空的情态动词：
can, could, may, might, should, must, would
两空的情态动词：
have to, may well, ought to， used to
三空的情态动词：
may/might as well
(3)情态动词+have done
a. 表猜测：
may/might have done （过去）可能做
could have done 可能做了
must have done（过去）肯定做
couldn't have done 不可能做了
b. 表虚拟：
should/ ought to have done本应该做……实际上没有做
Shouldn’t have done本不该做...却做了
could have done本可以做……实际上没有做
Would have done 本打算做...却没做
needn't have done 本不需要...却做了
XI. 助动词 ▲：
do/have/will及其相应的时态变形，可能在倒装句中考查到，但是很少考。
课堂训练：
（一）
From classics to movies
He can recite Shakespeare’s Hamlet from memory. His favorite ancient myth is The Odyssey. Tom Hiddleston, 32, could have been a popular professor teaching English Literature at (21) __________ university, but the well-educated British man chose to do something that he loves even more: acting.
He’s well-known around the world as the villain Loki from the Hollywood films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012) and now Thor: The Dark World, which will come out in China on Nov 8. Hiddleston’s role as Thor’s evil brother has led his fans — “Hiddlestoners” — (22) __________ (refer) to him as “the most charming villain” in cinema.
(23) __________ his charm, Hiddleston had a tough time (24) __________ (persuade) his scientist father that acting was a worthwhile job. As a student at Eton, a private school for upper-class kids in England, Hiddleston performed in a lot of school plays. At 18, he appeared on stage at the Edinburgh International Festival. “It was the first time that people I knew and loved and respected came up to me after the show and said: ‘You could really do this (25) __________ you wanted to’,” Hiddleston told the Daily Mail.
He said that as a teenager he didn’t have much self-esteem, but acting gave him confidence. “It was when they started saying I could do it (26) __________ I really committed to it as a possibility,” he continued. However, his father did not approve, believing his polite and bright son should be using his brains for (27) __________ else. “You’ve been educated, so why do you want to spend your life pretending to be someone else when you could be your own man ” the father told the son.
So, instead of going to drama school, Hiddleston went to Cambridge, (28) __________ he studied classics. There, he continued to appear in student plays and even landed some roles on TV and in local theaters. He managed to balance his acting and his studies so well that he (29) __________ (graduate) with a first-class degree.
But Hiddleston’s international breakthrough came when he auditioned for the 2011 film Thor. He was desperate to play the title superhero, but the director decided that he was (30) __________ (suitable) for the part of the villain, Loki.
In the end, his dark and powerful performance won over his father. It also earned him some important fans in the film industry: Steven Spielberg and Woody Allen. The two world-famous directors asked him to star in their award-winning films War Horse (2011) and Midnight in Paris (2011), respectively.
（2017届上海十四校高三教学调研）
21. a 22. to refer 23. Despite 24. persuading 25. if
26. that 27. something 28. where 29. graduated 30. more suitable
（二）
At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policeman 1 (wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.
The terrorists were extremist elements 2 (escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.
“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the 3 apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.
“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.
The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policeman 4 four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.
Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya,Minufiya, Ismailia and others.
Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities 5 killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests 6 his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.
Terror attacks in Egypt 7 7 focus on police and military men in North. Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well,with most of them 8
(claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.
Another militant group 9 (refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.
Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war 10 (declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.
（2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三英语周考）
【答案】： 1.were wounded 2.escaping 3.other 4.while 5.that 6.against 7.used to 8.claimed 9.referred 10.declared
【分析】
1. 考查动词。实词题，提示词是动词，所以我们需要先确定空里面是谓语还是非谓语。“and”连接两个并列句，这里和“were killed”并列，因此这里也需要一个谓语。然后再确定主动被动，警察是被恐怖分子击伤因此用被动“were wounded”。
2.考查动词。考点与上一题一样，也是考查动词。空前的句子里已经有谓语动词“were”了，因此这里需要一个非谓语。空在句子中充当的是定语，逻辑主语是前面的“terrorists”，恐怖分子逃跑是主动，因此这里填现在分词。
3.考查代词。首先空后面的“apartment”是名词，那么空里需要一个定语，因此词性可能是代词，形容词或者名词。在语法填空的虚词题中名词和形容词都不是可填的词性。因此这里应该填的是代词，充当定语。再根据前文“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them”，在第一个公寓中同8个激进分子的交火中击毙了他们。根据上下文的意思以及空所填词的词性可推测，另外两名激进分子是在另一栋公寓中被击毙的，因此这里应该填代词“other”。
4.考查连词。空的前后都有谓语动词，因此空连接的是两个句子，那么这里应该填连词。首先空后的句子并不缺少句子成分，因此这里应该填的是连接副词空前讲的是警方宣称在对抗中有9名警察受伤。空后讲的是警方在突袭中缴获了4把机枪以及弹药。分别讲的是警方的损失和收获。警方虽然有所收获但是也付出了一定的代价，因此用“while”表虽然。
5.考查连词。连接空前后两个句子。从句缺少主语，因此应该填连接代词。这里是一个定语从句，先行词是前面的“terror activities”，是物，因此连接词应该用“that”或者“which”。
6.考查介词。空后面跟的是短语而不是句子，因此这里排除连词，再者冠词，情态动词都不符合要求。因此只能填介词“protest against”表示反抗，反对。
7.考查情态动词。空后跟的是动词原型，并且这里是一个简单句，不是主从复合句。在语法填空的虚词题中只有情态动词能够在后面跟动词原型。因此这里我们需要一个情态动词。再根据句意之前恐怖袭击只发生在北部的警察和官员身上，现在则是席卷全国并且目标也发生了变化。因此这里用“used to”表示曾经。
8.考查动词。动词在语法填空题中首先确认是充当谓语动词还是非谓语。with介词后面不能跟随句子，因此后面应该是短语，所以这里填的是非谓语。逻辑主语是前面的“恐怖袭击”，与提示词之间是被动的关系，因此这里填过去分词。
9.考查动词。同样的还是先确定是谓语还是非谓语。这里是which引导的非限制性定语从句，主句缺少谓语，这里填谓语。然后需要考虑的是谓语的时态与语态。根据上下文这里应该填一般过去式，不需要被动因此答案是“referred”。
10.考查动词。同样的还是确定谓语和非谓语。空在句子中充当的是后置定语修饰前面的名词。再根据后面的提示词“by”以及句意。可推测出这里提示词与逻辑主语是被动的关系。因此填过去分词。
（三）
Star Eating Purple for Your Health
Eat a rainbow of colours often, as dietitians are fond of saying----and with good reason. Eating a variety of colourful food provides vitamins and minerals that can’t (1)______ (replace) with supplement to nourish your body.
According to experts from Whole Foods, a food company in the United States, who examined consumer behaviour globally across 465 stores, our plates look very colourful this year, (2) ______ purple foods particularly popular. This is indeed the case. (3)______ (walk) through any supermarket and you will find richly-coloured purple foods are popping on the shelves.
The purple food trend in the market is unsurprising. (4) ______ (give) how health-conscious, people are becoming in recent years. People have long known (5)______ the darker the colour of food, the higher the contents of antioxidants(抗氧化剂） and nutrients will be and the (6)______ (healthy) the food. In fact, they are inspired to eat more purple foods because a study found that those who ate purple fruits and vegetables regularly often have low cholesterol(胆固醇）and a reduced risk of getting blood pressure.
Research shows that these foods get their purple colour from anthocyanins( 花青素），(7) _______ have been linked with antioxidants and anti-aging properties in the body. Purple foods help promote bone health, and have also been shown (8)______ (lower) the risk of some cancers and improve memory. Take purple sweet potatoes for example. (9) ______ the standard sweet potato is packed with health benefits of its own, the purple sweet potato is even better for us. Of course, you (10)______ not switch to only eating purple foods. Eating a variety of colourful foods every day is the best. But do include purple ones!
松江二中2020年高三周练
【答案】
1. be replaced 2.with 3. Walk 4. given 5. that
6. healthier 7. which 8. to lower 9.While 10. should
【分析】
由句意可知，“吃颜色丰富的食物能为我们提供维他命和矿物质，这些是补充物所不能替代的”，此空是定语从句，且表示被动。所以填be replaced。
此空考查with的复合结构，在这里作伴随状语。“今年我们的盘子颜色特别鲜艳，尤以紫色的食物更为受欢迎。”
由前后句意，“行走在任何一家超市，你会发现颜色丰富的紫色食物充斥着货架。”考查“祈使句+and+含一般将来时的陈述句”这一基本句型，所以填Walk.
考查非谓语（之过去分词）的用法。由句意“紫色食物的潮流屡见不鲜，考虑到近几年来人们有多么地注重健康。” 考查“Given （that）...”，表示“考虑到，假定，已知”。
考查宾语从句。从句中不缺任何充分，所以填that。
考查”the+比较级，the+比较级“这一句型，句意为：食物的颜色越深，它的抗氧化剂和营养就会越高，食物也会越健康。所以填healthier.
考查非限制性定语从句，对前面的专有名词anthocyanins( 花青素）进行补充说明。所以填which。
考查非谓语动（之不定式）的用法。由句意，“紫色食物被表明能降低患癌症的风险，提升记忆力。”appear/seem/report/say/ show等动词后一般接不定式。
考查连词。由句意：尽管标准的（一般化的）甜土豆含有自身的营养价值，紫色的甜土豆对我们而言就更好了。表示两种情况的对比，所以填While。
考查情态动词。由句意：你不应该一味地只吃紫色食物，每天吃丰富多样的食物才是最好的。表示按道理应该去做某事，所以填情态动词should。
（四）
At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policeman 1 (wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.
The terrorists were extremist elements 2 (escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.
“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the 3 apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.
“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.
The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policeman 4 four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.
Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya,Minufiya, Ismailia and others.
Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities 5 killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests 6 his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.
Terror attacks in Egypt 7 7 focus on police and military men in North. Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well,with most of them 8
(claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.
Another militant group 9 (refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.
Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war 10 (declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.
建平中学高三周考卷
【答案】： 1.were wounded 2.escaping 3.other 4.while 5.that 6.against 7.used to 8.claimed 9.referred 10.declared
【分析】
1. 考查动词。实词题，提示词是动词，所以我们需要先确定空里面是谓语还是非谓语。“and”连接两个并列句，这里和“were killed”并列，因此这里也需要一个谓语。然后再确定主动被动，警察是被恐怖分子击伤因此用被动“were wounded”。
2.考查动词。考点与上一题一样，也是考查动词。空前的句子里已经有谓语动词“were”了，因此这里需要一个非谓语。空在句子中充当的是定语，逻辑主语是前面的“terrorists”，恐怖分子逃跑是主动，因此这里填现在分词。
3.考查代词。首先空后面的“apartment”是名词，那么空里需要一个定语，因此词性可能是代词，形容词或者名词。在语法填空的虚词题中名词和形容词都不是可填的词性。因此这里应该填的是代词，充当定语。再根据前文“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them”，在第一个公寓中同8个激进分子的交火中击毙了他们。根据上下文的意思以及空所填词的词性可推测，另外两名激进分子是在另一栋公寓中被击毙的，因此这里应该填代词“other”。
4.考查连词。空的前后都有谓语动词，因此空连接的是两个句子，那么这里应该填连词。首先空后的句子并不缺少句子成分，因此这里应该填的是连接副词空前讲的是警方宣称在对抗中有9名警察受伤。空后讲的是警方在突袭中缴获了4把机枪以及弹药。分别讲的是警方的损失和收获。警方虽然有所收获但是也付出了一定的代价，因此用“while”表虽然。
5.考查连词。连接空前后两个句子。从句缺少主语，因此应该填连接代词。这里是一个定语从句，先行词是前面的“terror activities”，是物，因此连接词应该用“that”或者“which”。
6.考查介词。空后面跟的是短语而不是句子，因此这里排除连词，再者冠词，情态动词都不符合要求。因此只能填介词“protest against”表示反抗，反对。
7.考查情态动词。空后跟的是动词原型，并且这里是一个简单句，不是主从复合句。在语法填空的虚词题中只有情态动词能够在后面跟动词原型。因此这里我们需要一个情态动词。再根据句意之前恐怖袭击只发生在北部的警察和官员身上，现在则是席卷全国并且目标也发生了变化。因此这里用“used to”表示曾经。
8.考查动词。动词在语法填空题中首先确认是充当谓语动词还是非谓语。with介词后面不能跟随句子，因此后面应该是短语，所以这里填的是非谓语。逻辑主语是前面的“恐怖袭击”，与提示词之间是被动的关系，因此这里填过去分词。
9.考查动词。同样的还是先确定是谓语还是非谓语。这里是which引导的非限制性定语从句，主句缺少谓语，这里填谓语。然后需要考虑的是谓语的时态与语态。根据上下文这里应该填一般过去式，不需要被动因此答案是“referred”。
10.考查动词。同样的还是确定谓语和非谓语。空在句子中充当的是后置定语修饰前面的名词。再根据后面的提示词“by”以及句意。可推测出这里提示词与逻辑主语是被动的关系。因此填过去分词。
（五）
China will do more to directly benefit the people, address their difficulties and ensure that their basic living needs are met, said Chinese Premier Li Keqiang on March 5. “Our aim is to help people feel more satisfied, ____1____ (happy) and more secure,” the premier said ____2____ delivering a government work report ahead of the annual session of the National People’s Congress.
China will launch a new three-year renovation plan to address housing in run-down (破败的） urban areas, starting with the construction of 5.8 million units this year. It will set up efforts ____3____ (develop) the housing rental market and shared ownership housing. With more public-rental housing, it ____4____(expect) that “all eligible low-income families struggling with housing will be able to afford public rental housing,” Li said.
The government will focus on boosting employment and assisting business start-ups. China will strengthen employment services, launch a large-scale vocational-skills training initiative and use the Internet Plus model to create new kinds of jobs. ____5____more than 8.2 million college students graduating this year, reaching an all-time high, the country needs to expand the channels for employment and support job creation through business start-ups, Li said.
China will develop fair, high-quality education by promoting the ____6____(integrate) development of urban and rural compulsory education, significantly reducing the rural drop-out rate, putting ____7____end to big class sizes, and relieving the heavy extracurricular burdens on students.
Talking about the increase of people’s incomes, according to Li, the government ____8____(continue) raising basic pension payments for retirees while appropriately adjusting minimum wages for working residents.
The government will also take measures to tackle the challenges of population aging. This ____9___（include）developing at-home, community-based elderly care and ____10____(improve)
the quality of services at senior care centers. And after seeing the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities falling by 50 percent over the five years, China will do more to cut the release of major pollutants as well as energy and water consumption.
松江二中2020年学习检测 高三英语
【答案】happier, when, to develop , is expected, With, integrated, an, will continue, includes, improving
【分析】
1. 本题考查形容词的比较级；根据语境，“让人民感觉更幸福”，填比较级happier.
2. 本题考查（时间状语从句）连词的用法；根据语义，“李总理在做政府工作报告时说道”，表时间，所以填when.
3. 本题考查非谓语动词（之不定式）的用法；根据句意可知，“致力于去发展房屋租赁市场”，表目的，所以填不定式to develop.
4. 本题考查动词；根据成分判断，缺谓语，所以填is expected. 其中，it做形式主语，后面的that从句做真正的主语。
5. 本题考查with的独立主格结构；根据语境，“今年将有82万大学生毕业”，后面的 graduating是非谓语形式，所以填with，此处构成with + 宾语+ 现在分词（表主动，做宾补）的结构。
6. 本题考查非谓语（之分词）的用法；根据语境，“促进城乡义务教育的整体发展”, 表被动关系，所以填过去分词。
7. 本题考查冠词用法；根据句意，“结束大班化模式”，put an end to..., “结束。。。”，所以填an.
8. 本题考查动词的用法；根据成分判断，此处缺谓语动词，表示“政府将继续提升养老金额度”，表将要，所以填will continue。
9. 本题考查动词的用法；根据成分判断，此处缺谓语动词，又因为是三单，所以填includes.
10. 本题考查非谓语（之动名词）的用法；include doing sth.所以填improving，和and前面的developing构成并列.
（六）
The holiday season is supposed to be the most festive and fun time of the year, but all those plans and expectations of joy can turn tougher and more stressful than they sound. This is especially true for (1)______ of us who struggle with mental illness.
The holidays break your routine. Sometimes you (2)______ (force) to spend time with family you rarely see and don’t always get along with. Or maybe you’re alone when everyone else is with family. Or you’re at work and can’t be with those you love. Or you are off from work, (3)______ more time to think troubling thoughts. Or you are thrust into party situations that tempt your demons.
When you have a routine, it’s (4)______ (easy) to manage whatever mental struggles you may face, and when that routine is broken, it (5)______ trigger tings you may not be ready to face. I know it has for me. It was during the holidays (6)______ I hit a low moment and, with the help of my mother, decided to seek help for my eating disorder.
Around the holidays, I often feel like I’m supposed to be everywhere, with everyone—all with the (7)______ (add) guilt of knowing it’s the season of giving. (8)______ (fight) this, I’ve developed a mantra（咒语）: it’s not selfish to take time for yourself. Take a walk in nature. Talk to a friend you trust, or a therapist. Sit out one of the holiday gatherings in favor of some personal time. Just do (9)______ helps you calm down and gives you a break from the stress. Download one of the many meditation apps for your phone. I particularly like Calm and End Anxiety.
Trying to spend all of your time (10)______ (please) everyone else is not only exhausting – it’s impossible. And you know what If you take a little time for yourself, you will be much better company for those around you.
曹杨二中2020年周末卷
【答案】
those 2. are forced 3.with 4. easier 5. can 6. that 7. added 8. To fight 9. whatever
10. pleasing
【分析】
1 定语从句的考察
2 时态语态的考察，可知是一般现在时的被动语态
3 介词考点，表示有更多的时间去
4形容词比较级的考察，表示更容易做某事。
5 情态动词的考察，题目的意思是更容易做某事
6 强调句的考察
7 非谓语，表示增加的负罪感
8 不定式表目的
9 宾语从句的考察，表示无论做什么
10 非谓语的考察，表示花费时间做某事。
（七）
The half-term holiday is almost over and, for many students in their final year of school, university applications are high on the agenda. So, you have chosen your (1) _______(prefer) courses and universities and started to fill in your personal details, education, qualifications and details of any paid jobs.
So far, so straightforward——but here comes the awkward bit: The personal statement, required from everyone applying to university (2) _______ the UCAS admissions service, is a major source of anxiety. Personal statements are written, rewritten, scrutinized by parents and teachers and rewritten again, taking up at least as much time and effort (3) ______ any other piece of work this term. “It is your chance (4) _______(describe) your ambitions, skills and experience,” says UCAS on its website. “Try to stand out (5)______ be careful with humor, quotes or anything unusual——just (6)______ _______ the admissions tutor does not have the same sense of humor as you.
“Proofread aloud and get your teachers, advisers, and family to check ——then redraft (7)_______ you are happy with (8) ______ and the grammar, spelling and punctuation are correct.”
Use plain English and avoid hackneyed phrases, UCAS advises: “Be authentic, be focused, be enthusiastic.”
Alex Hayman, who manages a business that helps would-be undergraduates pen their personal statements, says, “An applicant’s personal statement could make the difference when it comes to (9) ______(receive) an offer from a university, and it is a key opportunity for you to showcase your individuality, knowledge and experience.”
Alex Hayman says it is crucial for statements to be “reflective and, importantly, personal” and he has highlighted seven ways to convince the admissions tutor to offer you a place.
1. Showing you are serious
2. You need more than just top grades.
3. What interest in the subject (10) _____ you show outside the classroom
4. Explain why you chose this subject and course——and how will you cope
5. Show that you are a critical thinker.
6. What if some of your grades are disappointing
7. Explain how the course will help towards your long-term plans.
上海曹杨二中2017-2018学年度第二学期高三英语开学考试卷
1【答案】preferred
【分析】考查非谓语的过去分词做形容词
2【答案】through
【分析】考查介词，通过意思是通过这个服务来申请大学
3【答案】to describe
【分析】考查不定式，chance后面接定语用不定式
4【答案】as
【分析】考查as…as…结构
5【答案】but
【分析】考查连词，根据意识是前后意思相反
6【答案】in case
【分析】考查状语从句，in case以免
7【答案】until
【分析】考查状语从句，根据意思重写直到你满意
8【答案】it
【分析】考查代词，it指代你的personal statement
9【答案】receiving
【分析】考查when it comes to sth
10【答案】can
【分析】考查情态动词，根据意思是你能在课外对这个学科能有多少兴趣
（八）
Mystery of the White Gardenia
(Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house. No card or note came with it.)
I don’t remember ever slamming my door (21)________ anger at her and shouting, "You just don’t understand!" (22)________ she did understand.
One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and (23)________(overwhelm) anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, (24)________ not hear of my skipping any of those things.
The day before my father died, my mother and I (25)________(go) shopping for a prom dress. We’d found a spectacular one, with yards and yards of dotted Swiss in red, white and blue, (26)________ made me feel like Scarlett O’ Hara, (27)________ it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress.
My mother didn’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress - in the right size - draped majestically over the living-room sofa. It wasn’t just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me - beautifully, artistically, lovely. I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did.
She wanted her children to feel (28)________ (love) and lovable, creative and imaginative, imbued with a sense (29)________ there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see (30)________ much like the gardenia - lovely, strong and perfect - with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery.
My mother died ten days after I married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.七宝中学试卷
【参考答案】
21-30 in because overwhelming would had gone which but loved that themselves
（九）
It’s said that today more than $400 billion a year is spent on advertising worldwide. Beyond that the economic impact of advertising touches just about every consumer-product industry, from cars to chocolate. An advertisement reaches its consumers by means of TV and radio broadcasting, newspapers and magazines, direct mail billboards and posters, the Internet, and many other forms. As the case ___25____(stand), it is widely recognized that the global economy is being driven to a great extent by advertisements.
A successful advertisement ____26_____(involve) at least three things. The advertisers will first of all identify the market. That is, they need to work out who will buy the product ___27____ question. Then, ____28____(identify) the market, they will work out the best way to meet the needs of this market. So they will take into account __29___ number of desires or worries the target consumers may have. Do they have the desire to be popular Are they afraid of falling ill Lots of questions like these might be raised. Finally, they will design the advertising programme. That is, they will study what words and images their advertisement should contain and what slogans they intend to make use of. Then celebrities are sometimes employed and invited to back up the product. Scientific data are often quoted as a means of adding truthful value to the ___30____(advertise) product.
In everyday life consumers have seen lots of successful examples of advertisements. For example, Kodak, Nike, Coca-Cola, and McDonald’s are all very successful in attracting and selling to their customers.
____31___, there are also many examples of advertisements that do not seem to reach the expected goal. One such example was related to McDonald’s first arrival in Brazil. Their advertisements suggested that people eat McDonald’s hot hamburgers “at a picnic at the beach.” By doing this, they failed to cater to the Brazilian customs of consuming cold things, such as beer, soft drinks, ice cream, and sandwiches, at a beach picnic. Brazilians do not consider a hot hamburger proper beach food.
In advertising, ____32_____, the designers have to be highly culture-conscious when planning to carry out an international programme in a foreign country. Study the cultural background of the potential customers, or spoil the advertising programme!
七宝中学考试
【参考答案】
stands 26. involves 27. in 28. Having identified
29. a 30. advertised 31. However 32. therefore
（十）
Things that move obey certain laws. Three important laws of motion were established by Isaac Newton (1642～1727).
NEWTON Ⅰ: INERTIA
Newton’s first law of motion seems simple: Objects at rest tend to remain at rest, ___33___ moving ones continue to move at a uniform speed in a straight line---____34____ acted upon by an outside force. This resistance to change is called inertia, and it explains a lot of everyday experiences no matter where you happen to live.
One is that when the car or airplane you’re in begins to move, your body is pushed back___ 35_____ the seat. That is, it tends to remain at rest _36____ _____ _______ the forward-moving force of the vehicle transferred to you through the seat. ____37___ aspect of this law shows that the normal courses for freely moving objects is a straight line. That explains why, when you whirl something around your head---such as a ball on a string---and then let it go, the ball flies straight. It ___38___ keeps circling your head nor does it move off in a sweeping curve.
NEWTON Ⅱ: F=MA
Newton’s second law relates the amount of force needed to move an object to the object’s mass and its acceleration.
Push a child in a swing, or ride a planet around the sun, and you’re using Newton’s second law of motion, which states that _____39_______ you want to change the speed or direction of something, you have to apply an appropriate force. The bigger the mass or the larger the intended acceleration, the greater the necessary force. This law’s formula allows engineers to calculate what’s required to launch a jet fighter from an aircraft carrier, or how strong a seat belt__ 40_____ be to restrain, say, a 160-pound person when his car stops suddenly while travelling at 60 mph.
七宝中学试卷
【参考答案】
33. while 34. unless 35. Against 36. Despite
37. Another 38. Neither 39. Whenever 40 must
（十一）
A new study from the University of Japan has confirmed this, showing that although pet cats are more than capable of recognizing their owner's voice, they choose to ignore them----for reasons that(1)________ (root) in the evolutionary history of the animal. The study tested twenty house-cats in their own homes, waiting until the owners was (2) ________ ________ sight and then playing them recordings of three strangers calling their names followed by their owner and another stranger.
When hearing their names (3) ________ (call), the cats displayed “orientating behavior”(moving their heads and ears about to locate where the sound was coming from) and (4)________ they showed a greater response to their owner’s voices than strangers’, they declined to move when called by any of the volunteers. “This cat-owner relationship is in contrast to (5) ________ with dogs.”
The study suggests that the reason for cats’ unresponsive behavior (6) ________ be traced back to the early domestication of the species, (7)________ (contrast) with the relationship of humans to dogs.
Recent genetic analysis (8) ________ (reveal) that the common ancestor of the modern house-cat was Felis Silvestris, a species of wildcat (9) ________ first came into contact with humans around 9,000 years ago. “Historically speaking, cats, unlike dogs, have not been domesticated to obey humans’ orders. Rather, they seem to take the initiative in human-cat interaction.” This is (10) ________ differs from the history of dogs and humans, where the former has been bred over thousands of years ago respond to orders and commands. Cats, it seems, never needed to learn.
【参考答案】
1. are rooted 2. out of 3. called 4. though 5. that
6.can 7. contrasting 8. revealed 9.which 10.what
课后复习：
两空连词 Even if/ even though As if/ as though In case In that= because So that Only if If only Now that What if 介词+关系代词 The moment/ the minute Each time Every time How many/soon/long 三空连词 In order that As long as As soon as On condition that For fear that The first time In spite that No matter how/where/what/which As far as sb. Know/ sb.be concerned
两空介词 Regardless of According to Apart from In addition Because of/ due to/ owing to Thanks to Ahead of Out of In advance Such as What about/ how about Instead of Rather than Other than 三空介词 In addition to In spite of In case of In order to=so as to As well as
两空情态动词 Have to Ought to Had better Would rather Used to do情态动词&语法填空
学习目标：1.掌握语法填空题常考情态动词；2.能在具体的语境中灵活运用语法考点。
引入：
1. “Do you think he is lazy ” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
2. Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied
3. －There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
－It_________a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
4. –I can’t find my purse anywhere.
--You _______ have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
知识要点：
语法填空考点概述
出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 备考之道
设关键词 形容词/副词 比较级 准确判断考点，并且熟练掌握比较级、最高级变化规则和特殊情况
最高级
动词 时态 关注各个时态的用法和常见考点如完成时
语态 结合主语和动词用法，合理判断
不定式 合理判断非谓语类型；关注时态和语态
动名词
分词
不设 关键词 冠词 定冠词，不定冠词 准确判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词 搭配及其他 当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意积累常考介词
代词 人称物主代词 注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应
不定代词
反身单词
it 形式主语、形式宾语、强调句、指代上文事物
情态动词 动词的意义 注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
连接词 定语从句 熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系
【知识梳理】1. 语法新题型之动词考点精析
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ (enter)a good college.
2. While shopping, people sometimes can't help _____ (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.
3. Experts believe that by the year 2020, the problems that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals, and the energy sources of the sea__________ (solve) to a great extent.
4. The group of socialists were wondering themselves which member they should have ________(attend) the public speech for freedom.
The journey they took becomes a story of people’s willingness ________(engage) with a creature that mirrors the human’s characteristics of being easily harmed, of being lost, and of having goals but not being able to achieve them directly.
6. This mismatch between collecting social information and using it _________(show) that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously ignored.
【巩固练习】
1. We should soon forget wrong done by our friends as writing on sand gets ________ (erase) in no time, but if they do something good for us we should always remember their kindness just as writing on stones is forever
2.Jay saw this and, without thinking for a second, ________ (jump) into the river.
3.Deep reading is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, allusion (暗示) and metaphor: by creating a mental representation on the same brain regions as if the scene ________ (happen) in real life.
4.Experts also claims that the oral tradition of passing on knowledge _________(destroy), with both adults and children spending too much time looking at screens.
5.The findings show that listening, repetition and conversation are vital to ___________(learn) language.
6."The bar is lower, and Dad is OK with that," Gilbert Cote said, adding that the way families—even those that espouse egalitarian ideals—celebrate the two holidays __________(reinforce) such stereotypes.
7.Then in 1982, I passed the detective’s test for the Criminal Investigation Bureau (CIB) and ______(assign) to the Interpol Division.
8.A vacation allows you the opportunity to recharge your physical and emotional batteries, disconnect from everyday concerns, and return to work rested and _______(refresh).
9.If you think showing up promptly at the time given on the invitation, _______(arm) with gifts of wine and roses, complimenting your hostess on her cooking, laughing heartily at the host’s jokes and then leaping up to help the hostess will make you the perfect guest, think again.
10. According to Beijing’s rules and regulations, such film shooting must first be approved and the set should be removed after the shooting with all the processes ______(leave) cultural relics unharmed
【知识梳理】 2. 语法新题型之连词考点精析
1、But what is unique about this shoe is ____26___ it was found.
2、The subject finally turned to friendship and ____33____ perishable it seems to be these days!
3、Next to a red-frame house were the footings of ____35____ had been a sizable structure.
4、My friend said he had turned the incident over and over in his mind, and finally came to recognize some parallels between building a friendship: _______ ___38___ _______ strong you are, how notable your attainments, you have enduring significance only in your relationship to others.
5、You have to remember that strength, however massive, can’t endure ___39___ it has the interlocking support of others.
6、Triathlete Beth Sanden’s life was completely changed ___25____ a bicycle accident had put her in a wheelchair.
【巩固练习】
1、Read “Marathon Lady” to find out ___26____ she resumed competing in marathons and triathlons without having to use her legs!
2、The citizens of Pasadena, California are hosting “The Repair Cafe”, a place ___27____ people volunteer and receive help repairing old items such as jewelry, computers, tools and more.
3、Those ___35____ diets were most healthful were least likely to experience cognitive decline, and those with the least healthful diets were most likely.
4、Poor nutrition is likely to rob the body and brain of vitamins and minerals that not only promote the generation of healthy new cells ___38____ help guard against inflammation, help break down fats and protect cells from stress.
5、______ we normally keep displays up for a week, we kept the job resources display up for months.
6、______ ______ ______ there are libraries here, there will always be hope.
7、To know English is to be included in the rest of the world, (39) ______ ______ your world is limited to China.
8、One of the reasons behind it is (26) ______ the air contains many living things that can harm our food.
9、All living things need water and man discovered that (28) ______ the water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is prevented.
10、This was the first refrigerator cars and mechanical refrigerator at homes and stores and other places (32) ______ need them.
11、Mt. Qomolangma was first conquered in 1953, (33) ______ Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing, his guide, became the first climbers to reach the top.
12、Many people wonder (39) ______ guides can hope to look after their inexperienced climbers when they fail to keep themselves alive.
13、______ these expeditions are safe or not, many climbers feel they have turned Mt. Qomolangma into a business, like a park for the very rich people
14、 As young people aren’t allowed to drive unsupervised (无人监管的) ________ they are 18, cycling offers Dutch teenagers an alternative form of freedom.
【知识梳理3】 语法填空不给词空格汇总
I．常考状语从句连接词：
时间：when, as, while, before, after, since ,the first time ,next time ,till/until, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than, as soon as, every time, each time, next time, by the time
1）It will be ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before 一般现在时 “还要过多久才……”
2）It will be not ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before一般现在时 “不多久就……”
3）It was ＋ 一段时间 ＋ before一般过去时 “过了……才”
4）It is + 一段时间 ＋ since 引导的时间从句 （从句用一般过去时）
5）主语 was doing/about to do/ on the point of doing when 一般过去时句子
某人正在/将做……这时突然……
条件：unless, if ,as/so long as=on condition that, as far as, given that, what if
让步: whether…or/or not, while, though, even though, even if, although, as, no matter wh- 与 wh-ever
原因：because, as, for, since, now that, in that
目的：so that, in order that, in case, for fear that
结果：so that, so…that, such…that
地点：where
方式：as if, as though, as, just as,
比较：…than…
II．并列连词：
and, but, or, so
not only…but (also)…
not…but…
either…or…
neither…or…
III. 名词性从句：
（1）及物动词或介词后的从句：宾语从句（that, whether, if, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever ）
(2) be动词或系动词后的从句：表语从句（that, because, as if/though, whether, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever ）
(3)整个从句为主语：主语从句（that, whether, what, who, which, whose, whom, when, where, how, why, wh-ever）
(4)在名词后，而且多数是在抽象名词后，从句不缺成分，或连接词也不代指前面的名：同位语从句（主要考查that, whether）
(5) 名词从句中，从句缺主语或宾语的，多考察what(物)/who（人）；从句主干完整的，啥都不缺的且陈述事实填that；从句主干完整的，但感觉需要状语的，选when,where,why,how
(6)难点易错点：
a. 第二个宾语从句（不缺成分，表示事实）开始的that不可以省略。
b. 名词性从句如果是：____________adj./adv. 主谓. How
________n. 主谓. What
c. suggest、propose及其变形引导的名词性从句，要考虑that 主语 （should）动词原形。
d. what 表示疑问语气，相当于something that; 而whatever相当于与anything that。
who表示疑问语气，相当于someone who; 而whatever相当于与anyone who。
IV．定语从句：
（1）名词或代词后的从句，而且连接词一定做成分，感觉先行词要在从句中出现。
（2）关系代词：that，who, which, whose, whom, as（搭配：such…as, the same…as…, as…as）
关系副词：when, where, why
(3) 定语从句缺宾语或主语等主干的，选关系代词that，who, which；定语从句主干完整的选关系副词when, where, why或whose。
（4）难点易错点：
a. 先行词是all、something、anything、nothing、或被不定代词修饰，或被序数词最高级等修饰时，或有人有物等，只填that。
应对策略：除非限制性定语从句、指人的不定代词和介词后外，都填that。
b. 介词+which
c. 引导非限制性定语从句中，不可以用that。此外注意as和which的区别。
d．先行词为指人的不定代词时（someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, nobody），填who
V.特殊句型：
强调句，It is/was… that/who…。当看见it was/is开头的句型，首先想到强调句，如何把It is/was…_____....去掉后依然是完整的句子，则是强调句。
VI.常考的两空和三空的连接词：
两空连词：
表时间：every/each time, the moment
表原因： now that
表让步： even if/even though
表方式： as if/ as though；just as
表目的： so that；in case
表结果： so that；so…that
定语从句中：介词+ which
表条件： what if，given that
表除了： except when/that
表语从句：as if/ as though
三空连词：
表目的： in order that, for fear that
表时间： as soon as
表条件： as/so long as, on condition that
表程度： as far as
表让步： no matter how+ adj.
no matter what+ n.
VII. 介词：
(1)位于非主干位置，且结构为：n./pron._____n./pron./doing
(2)考察本义的，需要结合句子意思；考察搭配的，需要熟记用法和搭配。
（3）常考介词：
一空：
despite, from, to, between, outside, beyond, with, without, within, as, of, at, in, on, against, like, for, across, by, through, among, past, except
两空：
表原因： because of/due to/owing to
表让步： regardless of
表相反： instead of, rather than
表除了： apart from, except for, other than
表例举： such as
三空：
表让步： in spite of
表并列： in addition to, as well as
表目的： in case of
VIII. 冠词：
______n.
注意同位语的考查。
the和one’s的差异：
前文提到所属关系时，一般填one’s(his,my等)，没有的话填the，表特指，含有“这”的意思。
VIIII. 代词：
只单纯的缺主语/宾语/定语/表语，一般考查代词。注意根据后面的谓语动词或者定语从句分析来选择一些作主语的代词。
人称代词的主格、宾格、形容词性所有格、名词性所有格
反身代词：
搭配：by oneself, teach oneself
独立使用，句子很完整，啥都不缺，表示某人自己
不定代词：
somebody, something, someone, anybody, anything, anyone, nobody, nothing
all, much, both, none, either, neither
other, others, another
注意搭配：some…others…still others
(4)指示代词：
it, one, ones, that, those
注意: that=the+不可数名词或可数名词单数
those=the+可数名词复数
X. 情态动词：
(1)主语______动词原形/have done…
(2)一空的情态动词：
can, could, may, might, should, must, would
两空的情态动词：
have to, may well, ought to， used to
三空的情态动词：
may/might as well
(3)情态动词+have done
a. 表猜测：
may/might have done （过去）可能做
could have done 可能做了
must have done（过去）肯定做
couldn't have done 不可能做了
b. 表虚拟：
should/ ought to have done本应该做……实际上没有做
Shouldn’t have done本不该做...却做了
could have done本可以做……实际上没有做
Would have done 本打算做...却没做
needn't have done 本不需要...却做了
XI. 助动词 ▲：
do/have/will及其相应的时态变形，可能在倒装句中考查到，但是很少考。
课堂训练：
（一）
From classics to movies
He can recite Shakespeare’s Hamlet from memory. His favorite ancient myth is The Odyssey. Tom Hiddleston, 32, could have been a popular professor teaching English Literature at (21) __________ university, but the well-educated British man chose to do something that he loves even more: acting.
He’s well-known around the world as the villain Loki from the Hollywood films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012) and now Thor: The Dark World, which will come out in China on Nov 8. Hiddleston’s role as Thor’s evil brother has led his fans — “Hiddlestoners” — (22) __________ (refer) to him as “the most charming villain” in cinema.
(23) __________ his charm, Hiddleston had a tough time (24) __________ (persuade) his scientist father that acting was a worthwhile job. As a student at Eton, a private school for upper-class kids in England, Hiddleston performed in a lot of school plays. At 18, he appeared on stage at the Edinburgh International Festival. “It was the first time that people I knew and loved and respected came up to me after the show and said: ‘You could really do this (25) __________ you wanted to’,” Hiddleston told the Daily Mail.
He said that as a teenager he didn’t have much self-esteem, but acting gave him confidence. “It was when they started saying I could do it (26) __________ I really committed to it as a possibility,” he continued. However, his father did not approve, believing his polite and bright son should be using his brains for (27) __________ else. “You’ve been educated, so why do you want to spend your life pretending to be someone else when you could be your own man ” the father told the son.
So, instead of going to drama school, Hiddleston went to Cambridge, (28) __________ he studied classics. There, he continued to appear in student plays and even landed some roles on TV and in local theaters. He managed to balance his acting and his studies so well that he (29) __________ (graduate) with a first-class degree.
But Hiddleston’s international breakthrough came when he auditioned for the 2011 film Thor. He was desperate to play the title superhero, but the director decided that he was (30) __________ (suitable) for the part of the villain, Loki.
In the end, his dark and powerful performance won over his father. It also earned him some important fans in the film industry: Steven Spielberg and Woody Allen. The two world-famous directors asked him to star in their award-winning films War Horse (2011) and Midnight in Paris (2011), respectively.
（2017届上海十四校高三教学调研）
（二）
At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policeman 1 (wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.
The terrorists were extremist elements 2 (escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.
“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the 3 apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.
“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.
The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policeman 4 four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.
Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya,Minufiya, Ismailia and others.
Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities 5 killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests 6 his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.
Terror attacks in Egypt 7 7 focus on police and military men in North. Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well,with most of them 8
(claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.
Another militant group 9 (refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.
Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war 10 (declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.
（2017-2018学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三英语周考）
（三）
Star Eating Purple for Your Health
Eat a rainbow of colours often, as dietitians are fond of saying----and with good reason. Eating a variety of colourful food provides vitamins and minerals that can’t (1)______ (replace) with supplement to nourish your body.
According to experts from Whole Foods, a food company in the United States, who examined consumer behaviour globally across 465 stores, our plates look very colourful this year, (2) ______ purple foods particularly popular. This is indeed the case. (3)______ (walk) through any supermarket and you will find richly-coloured purple foods are popping on the shelves.
The purple food trend in the market is unsurprising. (4) ______ (give) how health-conscious, people are becoming in recent years. People have long known (5)______ the darker the colour of food, the higher the contents of antioxidants(抗氧化剂） and nutrients will be and the (6)______ (healthy) the food. In fact, they are inspired to eat more purple foods because a study found that those who ate purple fruits and vegetables regularly often have low cholesterol(胆固醇）and a reduced risk of getting blood pressure.
Research shows that these foods get their purple colour from anthocyanins( 花青素），(7) _______ have been linked with antioxidants and anti-aging properties in the body. Purple foods help promote bone health, and have also been shown (8)______ (lower) the risk of some cancers and improve memory. Take purple sweet potatoes for example. (9) ______ the standard sweet potato is packed with health benefits of its own, the purple sweet potato is even better for us. Of course, you (10)______ not switch to only eating purple foods. Eating a variety of colourful foods every day is the best. But do include purple ones!
松江二中2020年高三周练
（四）
At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policeman 1 (wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.
The terrorists were extremist elements 2 (escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.
“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the 3 apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.
“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.
The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policeman 4 four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.
Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo, Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya,Minufiya, Ismailia and others.
Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities 5 killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests 6 his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.
Terror attacks in Egypt 7 7 focus on police and military men in North. Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well,with most of them 8
(claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.
Another militant group 9 (refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.
Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war 10 (declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.
建平中学高三周考卷
（五）
China will do more to directly benefit the people, address their difficulties and ensure that their basic living needs are met, said Chinese Premier Li Keqiang on March 5. “Our aim is to help people feel more satisfied, ____1____ (happy) and more secure,” the premier said ____2____ delivering a government work report ahead of the annual session of the National People’s Congress.
China will launch a new three-year renovation plan to address housing in run-down (破败的） urban areas, starting with the construction of 5.8 million units this year. It will set up efforts ____3____ (develop) the housing rental market and shared ownership housing. With more public-rental housing, it ____4____(expect) that “all eligible low-income families struggling with housing will be able to afford public rental housing,” Li said.
The government will focus on boosting employment and assisting business start-ups. China will strengthen employment services, launch a large-scale vocational-skills training initiative and use the Internet Plus model to create new kinds of jobs. ____5____more than 8.2 million college students graduating this year, reaching an all-time high, the country needs to expand the channels for employment and support job creation through business start-ups, Li said.
China will develop fair, high-quality education by promoting the ____6____(integrate) development of urban and rural compulsory education, significantly reducing the rural drop-out rate, putting ____7____end to big class sizes, and relieving the heavy extracurricular burdens on students.
Talking about the increase of people’s incomes, according to Li, the government ____8____(continue) raising basic pension payments for retirees while appropriately adjusting minimum wages for working residents.
The government will also take measures to tackle the challenges of population aging. This ____9___（include）developing at-home, community-based elderly care and ____10____(improve)
the quality of services at senior care centers. And after seeing the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities falling by 50 percent over the five years, China will do more to cut the release of major pollutants as well as energy and water consumption.
松江二中2020年学习检测 高三英语
（六）
The holiday season is supposed to be the most festive and fun time of the year, but all those plans and expectations of joy can turn tougher and more stressful than they sound. This is especially true for (1)______ of us who struggle with mental illness.
The holidays break your routine. Sometimes you (2)______ (force) to spend time with family you rarely see and don’t always get along with. Or maybe you’re alone when everyone else is with family. Or you’re at work and can’t be with those you love. Or you are off from work, (3)______ more time to think troubling thoughts. Or you are thrust into party situations that tempt your demons.
When you have a routine, it’s (4)______ (easy) to manage whatever mental struggles you may face, and when that routine is broken, it (5)______ trigger tings you may not be ready to face. I know it has for me. It was during the holidays (6)______ I hit a low moment and, with the help of my mother, decided to seek help for my eating disorder.
Around the holidays, I often feel like I’m supposed to be everywhere, with everyone—all with the (7)______ (add) guilt of knowing it’s the season of giving. (8)______ (fight) this, I’ve developed a mantra（咒语）: it’s not selfish to take time for yourself. Take a walk in nature. Talk to a friend you trust, or a therapist. Sit out one of the holiday gatherings in favor of some personal time. Just do (9)______ helps you calm down and gives you a break from the stress. Download one of the many meditation apps for your phone. I particularly like Calm and End Anxiety.
Trying to spend all of your time (10)______ (please) everyone else is not only exhausting – it’s impossible. And you know what If you take a little time for yourself, you will be much better company for those around you.
曹杨二中2020年周末卷
（七）
The half-term holiday is almost over and, for many students in their final year of school, university applications are high on the agenda. So, you have chosen your (1) _______(prefer) courses and universities and started to fill in your personal details, education, qualifications and details of any paid jobs.
So far, so straightforward——but here comes the awkward bit: The personal statement, required from everyone applying to university (2) _______ the UCAS admissions service, is a major source of anxiety. Personal statements are written, rewritten, scrutinized by parents and teachers and rewritten again, taking up at least as much time and effort (3) ______ any other piece of work this term. “It is your chance (4) _______(describe) your ambitions, skills and experience,” says UCAS on its website. “Try to stand out (5)______ be careful with humor, quotes or anything unusual——just (6)______ _______ the admissions tutor does not have the same sense of humor as you.
“Proofread aloud and get your teachers, advisers, and family to check ——then redraft (7)_______ you are happy with (8) ______ and the grammar, spelling and punctuation are correct.”
Use plain English and avoid hackneyed phrases, UCAS advises: “Be authentic, be focused, be enthusiastic.”
Alex Hayman, who manages a business that helps would-be undergraduates pen their personal statements, says, “An applicant’s personal statement could make the difference when it comes to (9) ______(receive) an offer from a university, and it is a key opportunity for you to showcase your individuality, knowledge and experience.”
Alex Hayman says it is crucial for statements to be “reflective and, importantly, personal” and he has highlighted seven ways to convince the admissions tutor to offer you a place.
1. Showing you are serious
2. You need more than just top grades.
3. What interest in the subject (10) _____ you show outside the classroom
4. Explain why you chose this subject and course——and how will you cope
5. Show that you are a critical thinker.
6. What if some of your grades are disappointing
7. Explain how the course will help towards your long-term plans.
上海曹杨二中2017-2018学年度第二学期高三英语开学考试卷
（八）
Mystery of the White Gardenia
(Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house. No card or note came with it.)
I don’t remember ever slamming my door (21)________ anger at her and shouting, "You just don’t understand!" (22)________ she did understand.
One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and (23)________(overwhelm) anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior-class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, (24)________ not hear of my skipping any of those things.
The day before my father died, my mother and I (25)________(go) shopping for a prom dress. We’d found a spectacular one, with yards and yards of dotted Swiss in red, white and blue, (26)________ made me feel like Scarlett O’ Hara, (27)________ it was the wrong size. When my father died, I forgot about the dress.
My mother didn’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress - in the right size - draped majestically over the living-room sofa. It wasn’t just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me - beautifully, artistically, lovely. I didn’t care if I had a new dress or not. But my mother did.
She wanted her children to feel (28)________ (love) and lovable, creative and imaginative, imbued with a sense (29)________ there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see (30)________ much like the gardenia - lovely, strong and perfect - with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery.
My mother died ten days after I married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.七宝中学试卷
（九）
It’s said that today more than $400 billion a year is spent on advertising worldwide. Beyond that the economic impact of advertising touches just about every consumer-product industry, from cars to chocolate. An advertisement reaches its consumers by means of TV and radio broadcasting, newspapers and magazines, direct mail billboards and posters, the Internet, and many other forms. As the case ___25____(stand), it is widely recognized that the global economy is being driven to a great extent by advertisements.
A successful advertisement ____26_____(involve) at least three things. The advertisers will first of all identify the market. That is, they need to work out who will buy the product ___27____ question. Then, ____28____(identify) the market, they will work out the best way to meet the needs of this market. So they will take into account __29___ number of desires or worries the target consumers may have. Do they have the desire to be popular Are they afraid of falling ill Lots of questions like these might be raised. Finally, they will design the advertising programme. That is, they will study what words and images their advertisement should contain and what slogans they intend to make use of. Then celebrities are sometimes employed and invited to back up the product. Scientific data are often quoted as a means of adding truthful value to the ___30____(advertise) product.
In everyday life consumers have seen lots of successful examples of advertisements. For example, Kodak, Nike, Coca-Cola, and McDonald’s are all very successful in attracting and selling to their customers.
____31___, there are also many examples of advertisements that do not seem to reach the expected goal. One such example was related to McDonald’s first arrival in Brazil. Their advertisements suggested that people eat McDonald’s hot hamburgers “at a picnic at the beach.” By doing this, they failed to cater to the Brazilian customs of consuming cold things, such as beer, soft drinks, ice cream, and sandwiches, at a beach picnic. Brazilians do not consider a hot hamburger proper beach food.
In advertising, ____32_____, the designers have to be highly culture-conscious when planning to carry out an international programme in a foreign country. Study the cultural background of the potential customers, or spoil the advertising programme!
七宝中学试卷
（十）
Things that move obey certain laws. Three important laws of motion were established by Isaac Newton (1642～1727).
NEWTON Ⅰ: INERTIA
Newton’s first law of motion seems simple: Objects at rest tend to remain at rest, ___33___ moving ones continue to move at a uniform speed in a straight line---____34____ acted upon by an outside force. This resistance to change is called inertia, and it explains a lot of everyday experiences no matter where you happen to live.
One is that when the car or airplane you’re in begins to move, your body is pushed back___ 35_____ the seat. That is, it tends to remain at rest _36____ _____ _______ the forward-moving force of the vehicle transferred to you through the seat. ____37___ aspect of this law shows that the normal courses for freely moving objects is a straight line. That explains why, when you whirl something around your head---such as a ball on a string---and then let it go, the ball flies straight. It ___38___ keeps circling your head nor does it move off in a sweeping curve.
NEWTON Ⅱ: F=MA
Newton’s second law relates the amount of force needed to move an object to the object’s mass and its acceleration.
Push a child in a swing, or ride a planet around the sun, and you’re using Newton’s second law of motion, which states that _____39_______ you want to change the speed or direction of something, you have to apply an appropriate force. The bigger the mass or the larger the intended acceleration, the greater the necessary force. This law’s formula allows engineers to calculate what’s required to launch a jet fighter from an aircraft carrier, or how strong a seat belt__ 40_____ be to restrain, say, a 160-pound person when his car stops suddenly while travelling at 60 mph.
七宝中学试卷
（十一）
A new study from the University of Japan has confirmed this, showing that although pet cats are more than capable of recognizing their owner's voice, they choose to ignore them----for reasons that(1)________ (root) in the evolutionary history of the animal. The study tested twenty house-cats in their own homes, waiting until the owners was (2) ________ ________ sight and then playing them recordings of three strangers calling their names followed by their owner and another stranger.
When hearing their names (3) ________ (call), the cats displayed “orientating behavior”(moving their heads and ears about to locate where the sound was coming from) and (4)________ they showed a greater response to their owner’s voices than strangers’, they declined to move when called by any of the volunteers. “This cat-owner relationship is in contrast to (5) ________ with dogs.”
The study suggests that the reason for cats’ unresponsive behavior (6) ________ be traced back to the early domestication of the species, (7)________ (contrast) with the relationship of humans to dogs.
Recent genetic analysis (8) ________ (reveal) that the common ancestor of the modern house-cat was Felis Silvestris, a species of wildcat (9) ________ first came into contact with humans around 9,000 years ago. “Historically speaking, cats, unlike dogs, have not been domesticated to obey humans’ orders. Rather, they seem to take the initiative in human-cat interaction.” This is (10) ________ differs from the history of dogs and humans, where the former has been bred over thousands of years ago respond to orders and commands. Cats, it seems, never needed to learn.
课后复习：
两空连词 Even if/ even though As if/ as though In case In that= because So that Only if If only Now that What if 介词+关系代词 The moment/ the minute Each time Every time How many/soon/long 三空连词 In order that As long as As soon as On condition that For fear that The first time In spite that No matter how/where/what/which As far as sb. Know/ sb.be concerned
两空介词 Regardless of According to Apart from In addition Because of/ due to/ owing to Thanks to Ahead of Out of In advance Such as What about/ how about Instead of Rather than Other than 三空介词 In addition to In spite of In case of In order to=so as to As well as
两空情态动词 Have to Ought to Had better Would rather Used to do

展开更多......

收起↑