资源简介

(共22张PPT)
被动语态
一、什么是语态？
语态是动词的表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。
二、语态的种类：
（1）主动语态 （2）被动语态
They cleaned the reading room yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了阅览室。
The reading room was cleaned by them yesterday.
They will hold a meeting at 3 p.m. next Tuesday.
A meeting will be held at 3 p.m. next Tuesday.
八种时态下的被动语态
被动语态的构成：
be + 及物动词的过去分词
can/may/must…+ be +过去分词
am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
2) has /have been done 现在完成时
3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时
4)was/were done 一般过去时
5)had been done 过去完成时
Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）
All the preparations for the task have been completed
A new cinema is being built here．
I was given ten minutes to decide.
By the end of last year, another new gym
had been completed in Beijing.
6)was/were being done 过去进行时
7)shall/will be done 一般将来时
8） should/would be done 过去将来时
被动语态的特殊结构形式 1）带情态动词的被动结构
其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
A meeting was being held when I was there.
Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
The news would be sent to the soldier's mother
as soon as it arrived.
The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：
时态 被动语态的构成
一般式 一般现在时 be(am，is，are)told
一般过去时 be (was，were)told
一般将来时 shall/will be told
过去将来时 should/would be told
进行式 现在进行时 be (am，is，are)being told
过去进行时 be (was，were)being told
完成式 现在完成时 have/has been told
过去完成时 had been told
2）一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型
“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有： It is said that… 据说,
It is reported that…据报道，
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望，
It is well known that…众所周知，
It is thought that…大家认为，
It is suggested that…据建议,
People say that the boy has passed the national exam
=It is said that the boy has passed the national exam
＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam
＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam
5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来
的时态。如：She often cleans the house.
The house is often cleaned by her.
2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，
通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）
His mother gave him a present for his birthday
He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，
将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）
=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役动词have, make, get以及
感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe
等变为被动结构时，要加to
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building
=A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，
如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，
也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，
不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 We are to put off the meeting till Friday.
The meeting is to be put off till Friday
一、系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove
等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:
1这些花闻起来很香。
2那听起来很有道理。
3那食物尝起来很可口。
These flowers smell sweet.
That sounds very reasonable.
The food tastes delicious.
二、某些与 can’t won’t 等连用的不及物动
词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动
形式表达被动意义。如：
1盒子不能移动。
2门不会关。
The box can’t move.
The door won’t shut.
三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能
的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean,
last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 等可用主动形式表
达被动意义. 如:
This kind of food sells well.
这种食物畅销。
This cloth washes well and lasts long.
这布料经洗、耐穿。
The floor doesn’t clean easily.
这地板不容易弄干净。
五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主
动形式表示被动意义。如：
1小说值得一读。
2事情值得做。
The novel is worth reading.
The thing is worth doing.
四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之
后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
1树需要浇水。
2孩子需要照顾。
3电视机需要修理。
The trees need watering.
The trees need to be watered
Children want looking after.
Children want to be looked after
The TV needs mending.
The TV needs to be mended
六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：
不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成
动宾关系时，如：
我有许多事情要做。
他有几项任务要完成。
I have a lot of things to do.
He has several tasks to complete.
2. 在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，
常见句型有：
n. +be + too + adj. + to do…
The plane is too high to see.
2) n. +be + adj. + enough + to do…
The book is cheap enough for me to buy.
3) n. + be + adj. + to do…
The question is not easy to answer.
课堂练习
（一）改写句子
1. We plant trees in spring every year.
_________________ by us in spring every year.
2. She posted the letter yesterday.
____________________ by her yesterday.
3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present.
_______________a birthday present by Mr Turner.
4. He is drawing a picture.
_______________________ by him.
5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow.
______________________________ by you tomorrow.
6. She is going to write a letter.
__________________________ by her.
Trees are planted
The letter was posted
I was given
A picture is being drawn
Your homework may be handed in
A letter is going to be written
7. I have given you the new book.
__________________________ to you.
8. Her bag cannot be found by her.
_________________ her bag.
9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs
_________________________Russian songs by you
10. She doesn’t let her son swim in the river.
_______________________ in the river by her.
11. The bridge was being built by them at this time
last year.
__________________ the bridge at this time last year.
12. Does she often sing the song
_____________________ by her
The new book has been given
She cannot find
Is she often heard to sing
Her son isn’t let to swim
They were building
Is the song often sung
用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The next generation computers ____ （develop） and perfected now.
2. I need one more stamp before my collection （complete）
3. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ （write）Chinese.
4. I have no more letters ____ （type ）

are being developed
is completed
to write
to be typed

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