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外刊阅读之选词填空
Passage 50
A. inhabits B. infection C. creatures D. means E. exhibits F. imaging G. stemming H. intensity I. chemically J. completely K. potential
These Sharks Glow Green in the Dark and Scientists Now Know Why
Scientists have identified a substance that enables some sharks to give off a bright green
glow, which they believe only other sharks can see.
The authors of the paper, published in the journal iScience, previously showed that
swell sharks—who live in California's Monterey Bay to southern Mexico and the coast
of Chile—are biofluorescent. That means they soak up light—in this case ambient
Blue ocean light—and use it to give off light in a different color, usually green, red or
orange.In their latest study, researchers wanted to learn more about what being
biofluorescent___31___ for these creatures. They looked at the swell shark, as well
as the chaincatshark that ___32___ the western Atlan c ocean.
Past studies have shown the lighter beige parts of the species have a higher ___33___
of green fluorescence, compared with the darker areas.
Now, by testing the dark and light patches, the team found a group of small molecule
metabolites in the lighter skin. What are known as brominated tryptophan-kynurenine
small-molecule metabolites are different to the green fluorescent proteins used by
biofluorescent ___34___ like jellyfish and corals.
Study co-author David Gruber, professor at City University of New York, told
Newsweek: "I was surprised that the biofluorescence in sharks was so ___35___
different from the other forms previously discovered."
As well as giving sharks their glow, the metabolites also appear to have other jobs,
like fighting ___36___, and finding one another in the ocean.
Jason Crawford, a professor at Yale University who co-authored the work, explained
in a statement: "Imagine if I were bright green, but only you could see me as being
bright green, but others could not."
He explained: "It's a(n) ___37___ different system for them to see each other that
Other animals cannot necessarily tap into. They have a completely different view of
the world that they're in because of these biofluorescent properties that their skin
___38___ andtheir eyes can detect."
"This study opens new questions related to ___39___ function of biofluorescence in
central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections and
photoprotection," said Gruber.
The team hopes the findings could be used to create new ___40___ techniques, which
could be used in scientific research or medicine.
【参考答案】
DAHCI BJEKF
【外刊原文及翻译】
（https://www./these-sharks-glow-green-dark-scientists-now-know-why-1452771）
Scientists have identified a substance that enables some sharks to give off a bright
green glow, which they believe only other sharks can see.
The authors of the paper, published in t e journal iScience, previously showed that
swell sharks—who live in California's Monterey Bay to southern Mexico and the
coast of Chile—are biofluorescent. That means they soak up light—in this case
ambient blue ocean light—and use it to give off light in a different color,
usually green, red or orange.
In their latest study, researchers wanted to learn more about what being biofluorescent
means for these creatures. They looked at the swell shark, as well as the chain
catshark that inhabits the western Atlantic ocean.
Past studies have shown the lighter beige parts of the species have a higher intensity
of green fluorescence, compared with the darker areas.
Now, by testing the dark and light patches, the team found a group of small molecule
metabolites in the lighter skin. What are known as brominated tryptophan-kynurenine
small-molecule metabolites are different to the green fluorescent proteins used by
biofluorescent creatures like jellyfish and corals.
Study co-author David Gruber, professor at City University of New York, told
Newsweek: "I was surprised that the biofluorescence in sharks was so chemically
different from the other forms previously discovered."
As well as giving sharks their glow, the metabolites also appear to have other jobs,
like fighting infection, and finding one another in the ocean.
Jason Crawford, a professor at Yale University who co-authored the work, explained
in a statement: "Imagine if I were bright green, but only you could see me as being
bright green, but others could not."
He explained: "It's a completely different system for them to see each other that other
animals cannot necessarily tap into. They have a completely different view of the
world that they're in because of these biofluorescent properties that their skin exhibits
and their eyes can detect."
"This study opens new questions related to potential function of biofluorescence in
central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections and
photoprotection," said Gruber.
The team hopes the findings could be used to create new imaging techniques, which
could be used in scientific research or medicine.
(https://www./these-sharks-glow-green-dark-scientists-now-know-why-1452771）
翻译
这些鲨鱼在黑暗中发出绿光，科学家现在知道为什么了
科学家们发现了一种物质，这种物质能使一些鲨鱼发出明亮的绿光，他们相信只
有其他鲨鱼才能看到。
这篇论文的作者发表在《科学》杂志上，之前曾指出生活在加利福尼亚蒙特雷湾、
墨西哥南部和智利海岸的膨胀鲨鱼是生物荧光的。这意味着，在这种情况下，它
们吸收周围的蓝色海洋光，并用它发出不同颜色的光，通常是绿色、红色或橙色。
在他们最新的研究中，研究人员想进一步了解生物荧光对这些生物意味着什么。
较暗的地区.
现在，通过测试暗斑和浅斑，研究小组在浅层皮肤中发现了一组小分子代谢物。
被称为溴化色氨酸 Kynurenine 小分子代谢物的物质不同于水母和珊瑚等生物
荧光生物所使用的绿色荧光蛋白。
这项研究的合著者、纽约城市大学教授大卫·格鲁伯对《新闻周刊》说：“我很惊
讶鲨鱼的生物荧光在化学上与以前发现的其他形式有如此大的不同。”
除了让鲨鱼发光外，这些代谢物似乎还有其他的作用，比如抵抗感染，在海洋中
找到彼此。
耶鲁大学教授杰森·克劳福德（Jason Crawford）是这项研究的合著者，他在一份
声明中解释道：“想象一下，如果我是亮绿色的，但只有你能看到我是亮绿色的，
但其他人却看不到。”
他解释说：“这是一个完全不同的系统，让它们看到彼此，其他动物不一定能接
触到。他们对自己所处的世界有着完全不同的看法，因为他们的皮肤和眼睛可以
检测到这些生物荧光特性。”
Gruber 说：“这项研究为中枢神经系统信号中生物荧光的潜在功能、对微生物感
染的恢复力和光防护开辟了新的课题。”
研究小组希望这些发现能被用来创造新的成像技术，可以用于科学研究或医学。

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