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2023高考英语二轮复习：阅读七选五专题
七选五是高考英语阅读理解题型之一，其命题方式是在一篇300词左右的短文中留出五个空，要求考生根据短文内容，从短文后所给的七个选项中选出五个最佳选项（句子或短语），使短文意思通顺、前后连贯。
一、考情分析
近三年选用的文章所涉及的题材比较广泛，给人以“情理之中、预料之外”的感觉，但都突出了生活化的特点，例如2022年新高考I卷介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴，2022年全国乙卷介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法；就体裁而言，文章一般为说明文、议论文，有时也有记叙文；从题材来看，文章多涉及人与社会、人与自我。
1. 试题阅读总量（包括文章、文章中的试题序号、选项及序号）在230词到310词之间。
2. 文章结构比较清晰，有时提供标题和小标题，有些阅读材料甚至出现了编号或项目符号，所提供的文章段落数在2到5之间，大部分采用了“总—分”结构，即在第一段（或第一、二段）引入所要说明的主题后，其余的段落中从某一角度对这一主题展开说明，有时还会有一个总结性的段落。
3. 从题目设定和选项设置的角度来看，所留出的5个空白中有1至2个空设在小标题、主旨句或首句的位置，用于考查考生概括段落主旨的能力，其余3至4个空设在段落之中，用于考查细节过渡衔接句和线索句，需要填入的句子与上下文之间大多通过语意和词汇联系起来。所提供的7个选项大多是完整的句子，其中祈使句和陈述句居多，错误选项与文章内容有一定的相关性，对正确选项会形成一定的干扰，另外，正确选项之间也会形成相互干扰。
二、考题分析
根据考题位置可以分为段首题、段尾题和段中题；根据考题特点可以分为主旨概括题和句际关系题。
三、答题步骤
1. 读全文。速读全文，了解大意。
2. 看位置。看题目位于段首、段尾还是段中。
3. 找联系。寻找题目前后在词汇、意义上的联系。
4. 思逻辑。思考题目前后在行文上的逻辑关系。
5. 析选项。分析选项的特征，预测选项在文中的位置。
四、答题技巧
1. 依据词汇线索
（1）词汇复现
复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。
（2）代词线索
代词主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。
2. 依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有总分、解释、例证、并列、转折、对比、因果、递进等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。
（1）总分关系
“总分结构法”中的“总”是文章内容的总体概括，出现在文章的开头或结尾；“分”是文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。一篇文章在总体布局上，可以先总后分，也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作“总分结构法”。
（2）解释关系
从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有解释关系，往往作者提出观点，紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此，把握文章结构，理清作者表达的意思至关重要。
（3）例证关系
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in other words, that is to say等。
（4）并列关系
表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly), then/next, to begin with, for one thing, for another thing, finally/last等。
（5）转折关系
表示转折的词暗示前后说的是同一件事。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, instead, nevertheless (然而), still等。
（6）对比关系
表示对比的词暗示设空处与其后有相反的意义。表示对比关系的标志词语有：while, if not, some ... others等。
（7）因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently (因此), as a result (of)等。
（8）递进关系
常见的表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what’s more, what’s worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ... but ..., not only ... but also ...等。
3. 依据设空位置
句子在文中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同，充分利用设空位置的暗示作用，结合语篇逻辑是解答“七选五”的有效途径。
（1）设空处在段首
在每段的第一句设空的内容通常是该段的主旨句，解题时需要认真研读该段内容，然后从选项中查找与下文相关的内容，从而确定答案。
（2）设空处在段中
要注意分析设空处前后的逻辑关系。设空处除了可能是承上启下的过渡句外，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明的句子。因此，首先需要依据信息词将部分选项排除，然后把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终确定哪个选项和设空处前后内容语义连贯、逻辑关系清晰，从而得出正确答案。
（3）设空处在段尾
段尾句多为承上启下的过渡句或总结、概括句。解题时，需要思考：该空是归纳本段主旨还是引出下一段的内容？如果在选项中找不出与前文关联的内容，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否体现出了衔接。认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能与选项紧密连接起来。
五、实战演练
原创试题（一）
In this society, more and more people are settling for jobs they dislike. However, you do not have to, regardless of your qualifications. 1 Here are several tips to help you get a job that you want.
Think about what you are good at. 2 Research the fields and options that best deal with those interests so you can spend your time doing things that you enjoy. To begin with, you can start off by simply researching job titles online or you can search for key words of things you enjoy to find jobs that integrate those things.
Talk to people who work in a variety of fields. This will give you a better sense of what certain jobs involve. Many communities offer job fairs that can be found on your local city website. 3 You can ask friends or family members about their experiences too.
4 If you see yourself having a more luxurious lifestyle, or one filled with travel, you may want to seek out a higher paying job. Look at the salary and wage averages for the jobs you are considering to decide if they will provide you with the type of lifestyle you are looking for.
Stay focused. 5 Seek out support from others in your hunt. They can either offer you practical advice or just listen when you need someone to listen. Remember that finding a job takes time and the best thing you can do is stay patient and devoted.
A. Don’t get discouraged from finding a job.
B. Everybody needs a job to make a living.
C. Choose a lifestyle that is suitable for you.
D. These are great opportunities to ask questions.
E. Think about the lifestyle that is important to you.
F. Everybody deserves a job that they enjoy doing.
G. Usually the things we love are what we are expert in.
【原创试题（二）】
Innovation (创新) skills play a vital role in your professional life. There have been various researches and studies conducted to give tips to improve innovation skills. Some of them are given below.
Think outside the box
1 To grab that newness, you need more original ways of thinking. Hence, breaking the regular chain of thoughts and initiating a new one is necessary. You need to think something different from others associated with similar sorts of tasks.
Creative thinking
Many times, creativity is a way of innovation. Creative thinking is a way of thinking by applying the techniques used to create something new. With creative thinking, you will desire a new innovative way of doing something which will empower you to innovate something new.
2
Be a good listener
You should listen to others and try to think about their ideas and concepts. 3 Besides, adaptability increases innovation. It will help if you try adopting newer versions of solutions for the betterment of your company. Being a good listener will help you in having the skills to analyze different versions while you are thinking of some new ways of resolving any issue.
4
Sharing of ideas and concepts helps have better communication. With clear communication, you will be able to share your ideas in a more proper fashion, which will, in turn, offer you better chances of getting the right feedback about the effectiveness of your thoughts.
Make decisions based on judgments
From the inferences of team activities or other tasks, you can make judgments about the current situations. 5 These are beneficial to innovation. Innovative ideas must be useful, and decisions based on judgments help in ensuring this.
A. Have clear communication.
B. Innovation means something new.
C. Develop ideas based on facts.
D. Innovation refers to being creative.
E. Be open to other points of view.
F. Decisions based on these judgments should be realistic.
G. As a result, it will effectively increase your innovation skills.
真题链接：2022新高考I卷
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 1 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner
First of all, decide what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 4
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
真题链接：2022新高考II卷
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
1 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 2 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.
3 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle — as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 4 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 5 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
真题链接：2022全国甲卷
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules.
1 . Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family ― no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 2 .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 3 , instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
4 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 5 , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
真题链接：2022全国乙卷
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 .
More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
Practise empathy (共情)
3 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· 4
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
Don’t rely on technology alone
5 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
参考答案：
原创试题（一）
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就人们应该如何找到自己喜欢的工作给出了一些建议，比如思考自己擅长什么，找工作时不要泄气等。
1. F 根据空前的“In this society, more and more people are settling for jobs they dislike. However, you do not have to, regardless of your qualifications.”可知，在社会中，很多人勉强接受他们不喜欢的工作，但是实际上，你不必这样做。F项承接上文，说明每个人都应该得到一份他/她喜欢的工作，符合语境。
2. G 根据空前的“Think about what you are good at.”可知，G项中的“what we are expert in”与其意义一致，符合语境。
3. D 根据空后的“You can ask friends or family members about their experiences too.”可知，D项中的“ask questions”与其意义一致，符合语境。
4. E 此处是该段的主题句，根据下文内容可知，E项中的“考虑你觉得重要的生活方式”承接下文，符合语境。
5. A 根据空后的“Seek out support from others in your hunt.”以及最后一句可知，找工作可以寻求他人的支持，也需要时间和耐心。A项“找工作时不能泄气”承接下文，符合语境。
【原创试题（二）】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高创新技能的方法，比如要另辟蹊径、倾听他人的意见等。
1. B 空后的“that newness”与B项中的“something new”属于同一范畴，且根据句意可知B项“创新意味着新东西”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。
2. G 此处位于段尾，应承接上文，G项“这将有效地提高你的创新技能”介绍创造性思维产生的结果，符合语境。
3. E 根据设空前“You should listen to others and try to think about their ideas and concepts.”可知，这里是说要倾听他人的意见。E项“愿意接受他人的观点”承接上文，符合语境。
4. A 此处是本段的小标题，要能概括本段主旨。根据该段中的“Sharing”“clear communication”和“feedback”可知，本段与交流有关。A项“有清晰的沟通”能概括本段主旨，符合语境。
5. F 根据本段的小标题“Make decisions based on judgments”及空前可知，F项“基于判断所做的决定应贴近实际”符合语境。
真题链接：2022新高考I卷
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有健身搭档的好处，以及如何才能找到一个好的健身搭档。
1. C 空前提到感谢健身搭档的五个理由，其中一个是“如果知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去健身房”，由“while another read”可知，空处应该是另一个理由，且空后提到“和健身搭档一起，你会更努力训练，因为你们之间有一种微妙的竞争”。C选项“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”承上启下，符合语境。
2. D 第二段和本段开头提到关于如何找到健身搭档，首先要决定你想从健身搭档那里得到什么，根据空后一句“Or do you just want to be physically fit ... ”可知，D选项“你想在你最喜欢的运动领域成为更好的运动者吗？”和它是并列关系，均是用提问方式提示读者思考想要在健身搭档那里获得什么，承接上文，符合语境。
3. B 空后讲的是如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身搭档一定得在同一个健身房，由此可知，空处应该和距离健身搭档远近有关，B选项“健身搭档通常需要住在附近”承接下文，符合语境。
4. G 本段开头提到我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上，接下来又对布告的内容做了具体的介绍。作者以自己搭档发布的布告为例，目的是介绍发布告的注意事项，故G选项“任何健身搭档的布告都应包括这些信息”符合语境。
5. F 空前作者提到你和你的搭档可能有不同的技能，空后提到随着时间的推移，你和你的搭档都会受益，由此可以推断，F选项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”承上启下，符合语境。
真题链接：2022新高考II卷
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
1. D 空处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.（当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。）”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写。D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.（首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。）”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句。
2. B 空前说“Stay loose and free.（保持镇定和自由。）”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.（不要担心语法和拼写。）”，因此空处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥。B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought.（让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。）”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，承上启下，符合语境。
3. E 空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.（下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。）”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled paper.（然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免头痛，没有一个装满皱巴巴的稿纸的废纸篓。）”。E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.（太多的作者试图在第一次就把草稿写好。）”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在。因此E选项承上启下，符合语境。
4. F 空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced copy to allow space for revision.（第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。）”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.（许多新手作者没有留出足够的修改空间。）”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”属于原词复现，“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项符合语境。
5. G 空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.（当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续修改时，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。）”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise.（由此产生的空白可供您修改。）”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么。G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.（然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。）”说的就是输入到文字处理器后的做法，其中“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境。
真题链接：2022全国甲卷
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同文化的用餐礼仪以及注意事项。
1. D 空前提到不同用餐礼仪可能会使你吃惊，空后讲到了解一些其中的注意事项就会让你享受愉快的一餐，D项“不要让人发现你在餐厅就餐时犯了尴尬的错误”承上启下，符合语境。
2. F 根据小标题Chopstick Rules以及空前的“When you put them down between bites, ...”可知，本段讲的是筷子的使用规则，怎样放置是有说法的，F项“使用筷子时，千万不要把它们竖着插在食物上或是交叉筷子”符合语境。
3. C 空前讲的是法国人认为吃饭时每只手里都应该拿着餐具，而空后却表示转折，说明与前者看法相反，C项“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”符合语境。
4. G 根据小标题Making Requests以及空后的内容可知本段讲的是用餐时，索要额外的佐料在一些国家是不受欢迎的，选项G“吃饭时要盐和胡椒似乎是个普通的请求”，是下句中this指代的内容，与空后暗含转折关系，符合语境。
5. B 根据空后的“the more ...”可知，此处为“the more ... the more ...”结构，空后“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices”中的its与B项“The more time you spend in any given country”中的“any given country”呼应。B项“你在任一国家所待的时间越长”承接下文，符合语境。
真题链接：2022全国乙卷
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维持异地友谊的五种方法。
1. D 由本段主题句Set a regular date可知这段和时间有关，再根据空前的“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”可知，在繁忙的日程中，挤出时间打电话可能是一个挑战。D项“试着找一个双方都合适的时间，并坚持下去”，给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，承接上文，符合语境。
2. E 空前提到“确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解双方想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都是最好的”，再根据空后介绍的具体的交流方式可知，空处与交流沟通方式有关。E项“朋友需要讨论各自喜欢的交流方式”，符合语境。E项中的“methods of communication”是下文中“written communication”、“leaving voice messages”和“having a group chat”的上义词。
3. G 根据空后对一段友谊中留下的人和离开的人的描述可知，G项“你可能是离开的那个人，也可能是留下的那个人”承接下文，符合语境。下文中“remaining”和“moved”与G项中的“left”和“left behind”相呼应，
4. A 根据本段中的“Anniversaries and birthdays ... special days.”以及“keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates”等关键信息，可知A项“记住重要的日子”概括了本段的主要内容，符合语境。A选项中的“important dates”在本段最后一句中有原词复现。
5. F 根据本段主题句Don’t rely on technology alone可知，不要只依赖科技来进行交流，再根据空后的转折“但是远距离的友谊（即便是亲密的朋友）可能需要更多有意识的努力来维持”可知，本空应该与依赖科技进行交流相关。F项“通过社交媒体很容易产生一种联系感”，符合语境。F项中的social media与technology相呼应。

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