资源简介

七选五
In recent years the term “social distancing" has been at the center of public conversation. But it’s not “social” distance but physical separation that we are trying to promote. Preserving social ties — even at a distance — is essential for both mental and physical health.
____1____ Modern technology has provided us with many tools. Not all tools promote social connection equally, however. And often such seemingly small choices can make a big difference between strengthening stronger social connections and giving in to growing social distance.
____2____ When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media. In one experiment, we tested whether the media through which people interact affect their sense of connection-and how expectations about certain technologies impact the communication media they choose to use. Although voice-based interactions (such as phone calls) can produce stronger connections, text- based media (such as e-mails) are often preferred.
We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone. ____3____ They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. But they also predicted that talking on the phone could be more uncomfortable than dashing off an e-mail. Although these participants believed that talking encouraged stronger bonds, most of them said they’d rather send an e-mail than call the person up. Fears about awkwardness push individuals toward text-based methods for communicating.
____4____Then we followed up with them after they had done so. As expected, we found that people did form meaningfully stronger bonds when interacting over the phone than over e-mail. More importantly, though, there was no difference in the amount of discomfort when reconnecting on the phone. The human voice appears to provide benefits for connection.
Our work suggests that feelings of social connection are apparently facilitated by one’s voice rather than their keyboard.
____5____
A．So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.
B．We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.
C．Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.
D．When they interact on the phone, they find they are more connected than in real life.
E．Those modes of communication are perfect choices at the time of physical distancing.
F．Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance
G．Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.
We all want to make a great first impression, whether it’s meeting our new colleagues for the first time or getting to know people at a social event. ____6____
First days can be stressful: Not only are you learning the ins and outs of your job role, but you are also learning the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions. ____7____ Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths. Make an effort to introduce yourself to those around you, especially those you will be working closely with on a daily basis. Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment. ____8____
____9____ What does that mean Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do. If there are any after-work events, be sure to attend.
Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠). ____10____ That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours. And do not surf the internet for non-work-related tasks, even if you notice others doing so.
As the newbie in the office, it’s ultimately your responsibility to learn the ropes about what’s expected in terms of dress, office culture, etc. But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.
A．It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.
B．Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.
C．Whether it’s fair or not, people make assumptions based on physical presentation.
D．You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.
E．The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.
F．Instead, keep it extremely professional until you have gotten a chance to witness the culture firsthand.
G．People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.
Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there. ____11____
Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. ____12____ Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory.
____13____ Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. However, you may be more likely to remember things that are handwritten rather than typed.
Rehearse your speech for a friend.____14____ It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information. Request that your friend give you some tips. They may be able to tell you if you are not speaking loud enough or if you are talking too quickly.
Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language.____15____
Avoid trying to memorize the speech word for word. Normally, it is not necessary to recite a speech word for word. It is more important to remember all of the topics that you need to cover during the speech. Spend time memorizing the bullet points, important facts and statistics, and the layout of your speech in order to guarantee that you cover all of the information that needs to be covered.
A．Type up the speech.
B．Make a list of things that scare you about the speech.
C．If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times.
D．However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice.
E．It is important to remember to take care of your body even when you are cramming for a presentation.
F．You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information.
G．Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people.
What exactly is a lie Is it anything we say which we know is untrue ____16____ For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, “I wish I could help you but I’m short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie
Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. ____17____ Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some day.
____18____ It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. ____19____
Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls “the mouth cover”. He says there are several typical forms, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. ____20____ Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
A．However, this is only one side of the story.
B．Or is it something worse than what it really is
C．A “white lie” appears to be a lie that the teller tells to profit or gain some advantage from it.
D．The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch (痒).
E．Why people sometimes cover their mouths while lying is that they wish those words had not come out of their mouths.
F．Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.
G．Research has also studied the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie.
“Regards”. “Best wishes”. “Take care”. The words at the end of an email may seem unnecessary. ____21____ Even the most common “Sent from my iPhone” can tell that the sender has taken the time to reply although clearly not at their desk. Sign-off may just be a word or a short phrase, followed by your signature, and yet finding the right tone to close your email often requires a surprising amount of thought and skill.
When you’re struggling with how to end an email, it’s best to consider the context (语境). ____22____ Here are three of the most common email settings and the tried-and-true sign-offs that work best for each.
Best wishes. ____23____ However, be aware of its greeting card vibe (氛围) and use it only when it fits well with the tone of your email.
Cheers. A recent study by the email app Boomerang rated cheers as the most likely sign-off to get an email response. ____24____ Cheers works well if your email is friendly and conversational but, unless you’re actually British or Australian, it may come off as affected in more formal settings.
Best. Best conveys best wishes in a cheerful, short and informal way. If you get a lot of emails, you know that nearly everyone uses this sign-off. ____25____
Anyway, the appropriate sign-off depends on your position and your relation to the person who receives your email and the nature of exchange. Next time, take these factors into consideration and try the above sign-offs.
A．However, the sign-off matters.
B．Surprisingly, that isn’t a thank-you as most people assume.
C．Being both friendly and formal makes this sign-off a safe bet.
D．Actually, it’s the most important factor in choosing right words.
E．What works for a close colleague won’t work with a distant acquaintance.
F．You should always bear in mind that not all sign-offs convey certain messages.
G．The disadvantage is that it can be dull if you want your message to be attention-getting.
People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity. ____26____ The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world. He wakes up at dawn, goes for a run, sips black coffee while ripping through emails, and then steps into a freezing cold shower. This is a routine designed to reduce the stress of running three different companies for 18 hours a day.
Although Rapp’s practices may sound extreme, he is one of a group of followers of a growing movement. ____27____ Inspired by influential figures in different fields, including entertainers, athletes, entrepreneurs and scientists, positive stress practitioners seek out some combination of extreme temperatures, restrictive diets, punishing exercise routines and general discomfort.
Rapp argues that positive stress keeps him balanced. In addition to running and freezing showers, Rapp uses ice baths, hot yoga, and unconventional eating practices such as eliminating dairy, sugar, and various other foods high in carbohydrates. He believes that these practices, which put stress on his body, actually make him feel less stress from work. ____28____ It was he himself that started using these methods in college, where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports. He got back into it while trying to get his three companies off the ground.
Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year. ____29____
One thought leader in the positive stress world is Dutch extreme athlete Wim Hof, who earned the name “ice man” for his ability to withstand severe cold using deep breathing exercises. Hof’s ideas have become popular among tech industry elites and, thanks to Hof, cold showers are now a trend. Indeed, some even call it a form of therapy.
____30____ Some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.
A．Rapp’s routine is a good example of followers of the movement.
B．This view of stress argues that stress might actually be beneficial.
C．However, Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices.
D．But he thinks too much stress is harming his physical and mental health.
E．But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners.
F．For him, positive stress involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.
G．It consists largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer.
In a perfect world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming for people. ____31____ That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.
____32____ Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American government does not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher. ____33____
Now Europe is changing the rules governing animal experiments by limiting the number of animals used in labs. ____34____ In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis (假说) being tested, the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time, money, and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.
Animal experimentation has taught humans a great deal and saved countless lives. ____35____ Europe’s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is done.
A．They should be stopped.
B．Lab animals are mainly used in developed countries.
C．Japan has even less comprehensive data than America.
D．It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.
E．Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.
F．Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge wide gaps in medical knowledge.
G．Alternatives to animal testing, like using human tissue, are now strongly recommended.
Exploring Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. ____36____
One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. ____37____ All people must interact with others whether it is at home or at a workplace. People respond to these interactions in a wide number of ways. For instance, the person may not know why he or she is bothered by a specific action at work. However, the person who has studied psychology has an obvious advantage in this area.
Psychology also offers the individual insight into himself or herself. As the person learns about the human mind, how it works and why people behave in specific manners, the person may also begin to recognize both harmful and helpful thought patterns in himself or herself.
This may lead the person to an increased level of self-awareness. ____38____ It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. Individuals who are more self-aware are more likely to accomplish their goals and dreams.
____39____ A person may enter a vast field where psychologists and those trained in psychology work. These areas include industrial psychology, school psychology, private practice, organizational behavioral fields, law enforcement and virtually every other field.
____40____ As stated, there are a number of career opportunities from which a psychology major may choose.
A．Self-awareness is a vital skill for any person to have.
B．It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen.
C．As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major.
D．A psychology major examines the science of human behavior and mental processes.
E．All fields have the opportunity to benefit from the guidance that psychology can offer.
F．The third reason why psychology is a useful major is that it opens up a wide range of career opportunities.
G．However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns.
Website copywriting involves writing text and copy for websites. ____41____ Commercial websites may require standard sales-style copywriting, while informative or educational websites could require more structured material.
Almost all websites require some type of website copywriting. The material on a website is important not only to attract customers, but also to raise page ranks and create search engine traffic. This means that website copywriting can be somewhat different from regular writing because writers must write for two audiences.
Search engine optimization (SEO) can sometimes be important in website copywriting. SEO refers to the process of creating copy that is tailored toward catching the attention of popular search engines. ____42____.
An understanding of keywords and search engine behavior are important for SEO when writing copy for the web. ____43____ If those keywords are used properly and in the proper places within the article, more traffic will come to the website via a search engine, and the owner of the website could have the potential of making more money.
Website copywriters often have to have both a writing background and a marketing background. A person who is acting as a website copywriter for a site usually needs to be able to write active prose that inspires action. They also need to be able to drive traffic to the site, so that customers can see the products for sale.
Being able to write effective sales copy may also be essential for website copywriting. ____44____ Content has to be well written in order to accomplish its goal, and adherence to standard writing rules is often a prerequisite to a well-written article.
____45____ People browsing the web tend to read differently than people reading a book or a newspaper. So the content must capture their attention quickly and be relatively easy to read, which often involves writing prose that is easily readable. Headings, bullet points, and simple language are often preferred as a result.
A．The type of copy that is required varies depending on the type of website.
B．Online companies may offer informational articles about products and services.
C．Website copywriters have to be familiar with basic grammar, style, and structure rules.
D．Internet copywriting also involves the composition of short headlines or advertisements.
E．Theoretically, the higher the SEO, the higher the number of readers that will be directed to the website.
F．Website copy not only serves the overall function of the website, but needs to capture the attention of readers.
G．This means copy for a website may have to contain certain keywords that people search when looking for something.
Picture this: you’ve just settled into your workday and pulled up that big report you need to finish, when a friend sends you a couple of celebrity videos on WeChat. ____46____ And then the next thing you know, an hour has gone by while that big report sits, ignored, on your desk. So how does that happen
To understand this, we conducted a series of studies with 6,445 people. Through this research, we identified three factors: the amount of media the person has already viewed, the similarity of the media they’ve viewed, and the manner in which they viewed the media.
We found the order and types of content we consume can affect our decision to keep consuming similar content. But what drives this effect ____47____ When something feels more accessible, it becomes easier to process, leading us to enjoy it more.
These results also explain why it’s so easy to get distracted by apps on social media at work. ____48____ They offer bite-sized content that makes it easy to quickly consume several videos in a row. They often automatically suggest similar content, and many of them even automatically start playing similar videos, reducing the potential for interruptions.
____49____ To fight the pull, make an effort to just watch one video. If you really want to watch multiple in a row, choose videos that seem unrelated. You can also use a social media timer that urges you to take a break after a certain amount of time, or even just consciously remind yourself to consume different kinds of content.
So, if you’re struggling to climb out of a rabbit hole, try to find ways to reduce the similarity, repetitiveness, and relatedness of the content you’re consuming. ____50____ Once you manage to break free, you’ll be back at that big report in no time.
A．It can be difficult, but it’s not impossible.
B．You figure you’ll just take a few minutes to watch them.
C．Accessibility refers to how familiar a given kind of content feels.
D．These platforms are designed to trap viewers in a social media rabbit hole.
E．Prior research suggests that the three factors all increase the accessibility of similar media.
F．The good news is, a better understanding of the problem can give us the tools to escape it.
G．This will become a problem if it keeps you from doing the things you actually want to be doing.
How many times have you wondered about how much better things might have been if the younger you had made different decisions Or, have you breathed a sigh of relief when you recognize that one of your lucky choices ended up much better off than you might have been, if things had gone a different way
____51____It is the birthplace of emotions such as regret, gratitude, and guilt. Picturing an alternative outcome to what has actually happened in one’s life holds an irresistible appeal, even when it leads to unhappiness. It is therefore not surprising that it has become a hot topic of research in social psychology.
Counterfactual thinking often plays out in real-time on national television after a natural disaster.____52____ The victims are usually shaken and highly emotional, and they have often lost everything that they owned. And yet, we commonly hear them use words such as “lucky” or “grateful” to describe their feelings.
____53____ If the person had really been lucky, wouldn’t they still have a house and have been spared from all of the grief they must now endure Some psychologists have argued that one of the benefits of counterfactual thinking is that it can be an effective tool for making us more resilient (迅速复苏的). ____54____ That paves the way for positive emotions that might help them through a very dark time in their lives.
Counterfactual thinking is simply part of who we are. ____55____ Many psychologists believe that it exists to helps us crystallize (变明确) the goals that are most important to us and to improve our ability to wisely choose future courses of action.
A．At first glance, this response does not make much sense.
B．This type of mental “what-ifism” is called counterfactual thinking.
C．Even though it sometimes makes us sad, it can also do us some good.
D．The imagination of a life has been the inspiration for dozens of movies.
E．News reporters frequently interview survivors who have barely escaped with their lives.
F．The more important the event is, the more intense our counterfactual thinking about it will be.
G．The mind of the counterfactual thinker can easily imagine circumstances that would have been even worse.
The iPod Generation
Today it is common to see people who walk about with colored wires hanging from their ears wherever they go. They move about in their personal bubbles, sometimes unaware of what’s happening around them.___56___. Outside life is shut out. So are you one of “them”
For me, walking around in my own personal bubble is perfect. ___57___ . What’s even better, wearing earphones seems to give a signal to people which says, “I’m not available for chatting at the moment!”
Suppose you’re at work and about to make an incredible breakthrough, but a colleague suddenly turns up. His sudden appearance would break your concentration and cause mistakes. ___58___. Once again, those wires hanging from your ears would be sure to give that “Go away!” signal.
___59___. It’s probably part of the growing up stage when they just want to ignore their whole family. While their mothers give them lectures about why they should do their homework, they can just turn up the volume on their MP3 player, smile, and say “Yes, Mum.” Problem solved.
Pretty soon, not only will we have pretty colored wires hanging from our ears, but also our brains will be directly plugged into some new high-tech instruments. We’ll be in a virtual world, communicating with everyone else, or choosing not to, as we like. ___60___. And they are changing our social habits along the way.
In the end, there is a thin line between using technology as a tool for making life better and being a slave to it! It’s so strange — suddenly, I don’t feel like wearing my earphones anymore.
A．Our instruments are changing quickly.
B．I don’t have to deal with the noise from the environment.
C．In the home situation, teenagers love these wires.
D．I also have wires hanging from my ears.
E．After all, I am listening to my favourite music and would rather not be disturbed.
F．Listening to music through earphones is the perfect way to ignore such interruptions (中断).
G．They walk around in their own spaces, with their personal “digital noise reduction systems”.
Your Health and 5G
The fifth generation technology of cellular data or 5G, promises to bring lightning-fast data connection speeds. Much faster than Internet connections currently offered in many homes. ____61____ However, not everyone is excited about 5G service.
____62____ There are even protests aimed at slowing down or even stopping companies from installing the equipment necessary for 5G service. Why are people so worried
To understand the possible health risks of 5G, it is important to understand how the new service sets apart from existing 3G and 4G. ____63____ 5G uses a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The signals have short wavelengths measured in millimeters called millimeter waves. Millimeter waves are perfect for high-speed data but small transmitters and antennas must put up everywhere to ensure good connections. This presents a cause for concern.
5G service means new transmitters and antennas everywhere. Certainly, it will mean that the amount of electromagnetic radiation that people are exposed to will increase. Radiation exposure sounds dangerous, but it all depends on the type of radiation, the strength and the amount of time that people are exposed to. Sunlight is a type of radiation, and exposure for too long can cause a sunburn. ____64____
Many studies have been done to explore whether low-level exposure to radio waves, microwaves, or millimeter waves has negative health effects. So far, there is no conclusive evidence. ____65____ However, scientists will continue to study the long-term effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
A．It’s important to consider risks when using 5G.
B．Will this new technology bring new health risks
C．The main difference is the new frequency of the signals to transmit data.
D．High-speed service has the potential to revolutionize many technologies.
E．Repeated exposure over time can also lead to the likeliness of skin cancer.
F．As long as producers follow safety regulations, 5G should not cause a health risk.
G．Some people worry that the technology behind 5G might present serious health risks.
When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it ”____66____ Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning.____67____
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.____68____ A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it.____69____ On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.
____70____ Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
A．In nature, everything gets recycled.
B．To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.
C．It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D．Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).
E．This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F．It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G．His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
Motivation is the desire to act in service of a goal. It’s the crucial element in setting and attaining our objectives. Some of the most common goals people make—and the most common goals they struggle to meet—are to eat healthier, work out more, and save more money. Many traps can prevent people from achieving those goals, but predicting those challenges can help achieve real change.
Many people struggle to stick to a diet. Research suggests that extrinsic (外在的) motivators—to avoid hurtful comments or fit into an outfit—can jumpstart the process but that intrinsic motivation—interest, enjoyment, and challenge in the journey—is key to sustained, lasting weight loss.____71____So it’s helpful to choose a diet that will be sustainable and effective and believe that the diet, start date, and end goals have been chosen autonomously and not “assigned” by others.
There are a few creative ideas to consider if motivation is a barrier to exercise. One is to widen the options you have: If you don’t have time to go to the gym, exercise by going for a walk, doing a bodyweight circuit, or watching a yoga video.____72____Yet you can also establish a social contract with a friend or family member. For example, if you allow phone time to replace exercise, you must donate to a cause of the other person’s choosing.
____73____The first is to set a specific saving goal for an emergency fund. This focused goal will build habits that become sustainable saving. The second is to save something every day, even if it’s just a few dollars, because repeat helps to form habits. Third, making savings visible, whether by checking a savings account online or keeping cash in a glass jar.____74____ In addition to cultivating a saving attitude, it’s important to change a spending mindset.
Most people, unfortunately, fail to follow through on their New Year’s resolutions. This might be because people tend to set overwhelming goals, engage in all-or-nothing thinking, don’t predict barriers, and beat themselves up when they get off track. By addressing those traps, people are more likely to truly achieve their goals.
Motivation is one of the driving forces behind human behavior. It fuels competition and sparks social connection. Its absence can lead to mental illnesses such as depression. ____75____ It’s the key factors in setting and achieving our goals.
A．It is helpful to find a community of supporters.
B．People can break large goals into smaller pieces.
C．Eventually, consistently spend less than you make.
D．The following steps can help cultivate the habit of saving money.
E．Intrinsic motivation includes competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
F．Motivation includes the desire toward meaning, purpose, and a life worth living.
G．Another is to make exercise more enjoyable, such as by listening to a book on tape.
Good sportsmanship is one of the most important lessons that your kids can learn from competition. But how do you teach your kids good sportsmanship Here are some tips.
Set a good example. The first role model that your kids will have in games is you. What behavior you model will have the biggest influence on your kids.____76____ By doing so, your kids will learn from you unconsciously and gain more popularity.
____77____The coach is always looking for the best decision for the good of the whole team.____78____Your kids may feel upset at first. But showing good sportsmanship means placing the team's needs above their own, so you should teach your kids to trust the coach’s judgement.
Remember you are the parent, not the coach. Your job as a parent is different from a job as a coach. As a parent, you are there to guide all of your kids' experiences and not focus on demanding performance. However, if you see a coach demanding too much, speak up. ____79____
Maintain a good attitude to both winning and losing. Good sportsmanship also requires a positive attitude to both the victory and the defeat. Pushing your kids too hard may drive them to quit.____80____ It's also a good idea to find positive plays to talk about and discuss lessons to be learned after.
A．Teach your kids to put teams first.
B．Tell your kids to listen to the coach.
C．However, finding a good role model is not an easy job.
D．After all, you are also an advocate for your kids if needed.
E．This means the role of your kids may be reduced or changed.
F．You need to be nice to all people on the court, even the opponents.
G．Instead, whatever the results are, always tell them you are proud of them.
Everyone thinks they're great listeners. But the truth is that hearing isn’t necessarily listening, nor is it necessarily listening well. Listening is an art as well as a basic life skill that we are encouraged to practise and master.___81___
●Don't interrupt
___82___ To master the art of listening, you need to stop any good thoughts that come to mind and let the person say everything they need to say. Often times people simply need someone to talk to, not someone who will cut in and give their own thoughts and opinions.
●Practice active listening.
To understand better in communication, you can first practice active listening. The art of listening isn't simply about staying quiet 100% of the time, it's also about asking questions, which are for clarification or for further explanation, so that you can fully understand what the speaker is telling you. ___83___ You can also make noises that show you agree with what he person is saying such as “yes”, ‘'yeah", and “okay.”
●___84___
About 60-75% of our communication is accomplished without speaking. In order to know whether to encourage the speaker, or to open yourself more, it's essential to know what the person's body is saying. Do they display signs of discomfort Are they cautious about you Their body language tells a lot.
●Create a suitable environment.
It can be difficult to listen to another person when the TV is screaming, your phone is buzzing and there are thousands of cars passing by. ___85___ Also, when you indicate it would be good to “find a quiet place," you put importance in the person and what they say, and then you show care and consideration.
A．Listen to non-verbal communication.
B．Let the person speak without interruption.
C．Listen without forming responses in your mind.
D．Here's how to bring the vital life skill into your daily existence.
E．Additionally, it's important to hold back your negative judgments.
F．Another great way to show your understanding is to respond by nodding.
G．When you remove the distractions and find a quiet place it’s easier to listen attentively.
5-Step Process to Improve Your Critical Thinking
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us. It’ s impossible to make a perfect choice. Critical thinking is one particularly effective technique to improve our chances. ___86___ But here’s one five-step process that may help you.
Formulate your question.
In other words, know what you’re looking for. For example, if you’re deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze, you approach the situation with a clear view of what you' re actually trying to accomplish by dieting.
___87___
There’s lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s relevant. Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.
Apply the information.
___88___ “What concepts are at work ” “What assumptions exist ” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound ”
Consider the implications.
Imagine it’s election time, and you’ve selected a political candidate based on their promise to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas. At first glance, that seems great. ___89___ If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution.
Explore other points of view.
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing political candidate. This will help you make more informed decisions.
Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information and find what we’re looking for. ___90___
A．Gather your information.
B．Ask yourself when facing a decision.
C．There are many ways to improve our chances.
D．This isn’t always as straightforward as it sounds.
E．But what about the long-term environmental effects
F．There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking.
G．If enough of us use it, it has the power to make the world a more reasonable place.
Who do you count as your friends From our BFF (best friend forever ) to a work mate, it’s good to have someone to chat with or offer comfort and support. ___91___
The recent separation we have had due to the corona-virus pandemic or covid-19 has made some of us question our friendships. We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances, ___92___but do we actually have to arouse every relationship we once had It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in touch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didn’t. In short, maybe it's time to reset your list of real mates.
___93___ Writing for BBC Worklife, Bryan Lufkin says: “While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health, experts say it’s only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on—and it’s nothing to feel guilty about. ”
Of course, it can be hard to choose who’s in your friendship circle. This is what Suzanne Degges-White, professor of counselling at Northern Illinois University, calls our ‘friendscape’. She says, “in life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us. ”
___94___ but we still need those special pals who’ve known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. According to Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, these are your inner circle of friends-your “shoulders to cry on” --___95___He adds that the friends that move away are mostly “friendships of convenience”. But the advice for maintaining a good friendship is to share how you feel with someone you trust - this can help strengthen your friendship as well as giving you both a chance to support each other.
A．and it may feel awkward,
B．So, changing friends is normal,
C．Friendship is good for your health,
D．There's no obligation (责任) to stay friends.
E．It is important to share with your friends.
F．and you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle.
G．But when it comes to friendship, is it more important to have quantity or quality
Boosting your emotional intelligence quotient, or EQ, involves identifying and managing your own emotions, as well as evaluating and controlling the way in which you react to those of others. ____96____ It can also improve your relationships with loved ones and your social interactions. Here are some tips you can use to start improving your EQ.
● Identify your emotions.
Identifying your emotions takes practice and is an important foundational step in building emotional intelligence. Regularly recognizing and naming your emotions throughout the day is a good way to develop your EQ. ____97____ You could even go a step further, and try to determine how the presence of certain emotions affects your behavior and productivity.
● Consider your response.
____98____ Taking responsibility for the way you behave towards others and, possibly even more importantly, how you treat yourself, is a crucial aspect of emotional intelligence.
● ____99____
Empathy is a cornerstone of EQ. It is defined as the ability to identify and share the thoughts, feelings or emotional state of another person. A little empathy goes a long way. It is important to demonstrate empathy towards people other than just those with whom you find it easy to get along.
● Listen actively.
Engage in the moment and acknowledge what other people are saying. ____100____ Active listening involves asking open-ended questions such as ‘When ’ ‘How ’ ‘Do you mean... ’ or ‘Could you tell me a bit more about that ’. Active listening also calls for avoiding questions that would get only a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response.
Developing your emotional intelligence can not only help you reduce your stress, but also leave you with more time to connect with, and continuously improve your relationships with, those around you.
A．Show your care.
B．Put yourself in other people’s shoes.
C．You just don’t know what they might be going through.
D．You must remember you can choose how you react to a situation.
E．Besides, trying to identify exactly what you are feeling can do the trick.
F．Try to avoid just waiting for your turn to talk about yourself and your story.
G．Exploring and improving these skills can help you to succeed in your career.
参考答案：
1．F 2．G 3．C 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了所谓社交距离应该是身体上保持距离，而不是没有社会联系 。事实上，保持社会联系对身心都有益，文章认为电话联系要比发邮件更能促进关系。
1．根据下文“Modern technology has provided us with many tools.(现代技术为我们提供了许多工具。)”可知，下文介绍的是保持联系的方式。选项F“Then how might we best stay connected to others while maintaining physical distance (那么我们如何才能在保持身体距离的同时最好地与他人保持联系呢 )”既和第一段的身体距离相呼应，又引出下文，符合文意。故选F。
2．根据下文“When people overestimate the costs or underestimate the benefits of voice-based communication, it can create a misplaced bias (偏见) for text-based media.(当人们高估基于语音通信的成本或低估其好处时，就会对基于文本的媒体产生错位的偏见。)”可知，人们会评估联系方式的利弊。选项G“Decisions on how to connect tend to be based on expectations of potential pros and cons of the interaction.(关于如何联系的决定往往是基于对互动的潜在利弊的预期。)”符合下文文意。故选G。
3．根据上文“We asked participants to connect with someone that they hadn’t interacted with recently, either through e-mail or over the phone.(我们要求参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系他们最近没有联系过的人。)”可知，这一段提到了参与者。空后“They generally assumed that they’d feel more connected when interacting over the phone than over e-mail.(他们通常认为，通过电话交流比通过电子邮件交流更有联系感。)”可知，空处是问参与者对这两种交流方式的想法。选项C“Participants first predicted what it would be like to get in touch in these two ways.(参与者首先预测了用这两种方式联系会是什么样子。)”指出了联系他人，承上启下。故选C。
4．根据下文“Then we followed up with them after they had done so.(然后我们在他们这样做之后跟进。)”可知，空处是让参与者做某件事。选项B“We again had participants actually connect using either e-mail or phone.(我们再次让参与者通过电子邮件或电话联系。)”符合下文的文意，同时和上文保持一致。故选B。
5．空处为文章小结，说明文章主要内容。本文首先提出保持社会联系很重要，然后通过实验告诉读者，电话联系要比邮件联系有效得多。选项A“So the next time you think about how best to connect, consider calling.(所以，下次你考虑如何最好地联系时，考虑一下打电话。)”与本文主要内容一致 。故选A。
6．E 7．A 8．G 9．B 10．D
【导语】本文是议论文。文章阐述了作为办公室的新人，第一天如何给新同事留下好的印象。同时表明在第一天上班的时候要尽量向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分。
6．文章最后一段最后一句“But on your very first day, do everything you can to show your boss and colleagues you are a valuable part of the team.(但是在你工作的第一天，尽你所能向你的老板和同事展示你是团队中有价值的一部分)”提到工作的第一天（on your very first day），说明文章是在阐述第一天如何给新同事留下好印象。E选项“The very first day of your very first professional job, however, may just be the defining moment.(然而，你第一份专业工作的第一天可能就是决定性的时刻。)”中“The very first day of your very first professional job(你第一份专业工作的第一天)”引出下文，符合文意。故选E。
7．下文“Whether it comes naturally or not, try to show friendliness and openness to everyone with whom you cross paths.(不管这是否自然，试着对你遇到的每个人表现出友好和开放)”提到不管是否自然，要表现出友好和开放。A选项“It is a lot to take in, but now is not the time to be shy.( 虽然有很多事情需要了解，但现在不是害羞的时候。)”中提到不要害羞，与下文呼应，同时“a lot”代指上文提到的“the ropes about office culture, coworker personalities, and team interactions.(办公室文化、同事个性和团队互动的诀窍)”。故选A。
8．上文“Be kind to those around you, and show a real interest in learning about your new work environment.(善待你周围的人，并表现出真正的兴趣来了解你的新工作环境。)”提到要带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境。G选项“People will pick up on your genuineness, which will go a long way toward making a great first impression.(人们会注意到你的真诚，这对留下良好的第一印象大有帮助。)”介绍了带着真正的兴趣来学习和了解新的工作环境的好处，即人们会注意到你的真诚，承接上文，符合文意。故选G。
9．下文“Do not be scared by people who have worked at your company longer—go ahead and volunteer for projects and do your best to show your boss and team members that you are not only responsible, but eager to show what you can do.(不要被那些在你的公司工作了很久的人所吓倒，主动去做项目，尽你最大的努力向你的老板和团队成员展示你不仅负责，而且渴望展示你的能力。)”提到主动去做项目（go ahead and volunteer for projects）。B选项“Initiative is the most important thing for a new employee to get started.(主动性对一个新员工来说是最重要的)”中“主动性（Initiative）”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。
10．上午“Some people work in a casual office atmosphere, where rules are a bit laid back. But even if you suspect this might be the case for your new workplace, the first day on the job is not the time to fully embrace the slack(懈怠).(有些人在一种休闲的办公室气氛中工作，那里的一些工作规则有些松散。但是，即使你怀疑你的新工作场所可能会出现这种情况，第一天上班也不是完全接受这种懈怠的时候)”指出第一天上班不要懈怠，空处应该承接上文，具体指出这么做的原因，即因为你是新人，在刚开始上班时，别人对你的要求更高，D项“You are being held to a higher standard than those who have been at the company longer.(与那些在公司工作时间更长的人相比，别人对你的要求更高。)”符合，承上启下，下文“That means keeping your cellphone on vibrate or silent and putting it away for the day. Avoid all personal calls and emails during work hours.(这意味着把你的手机调成震动或静音，然后把它放在一边。在工作时间避免所有私人电话和电子邮件。)”具体解释了别人对你的要求更高，你应该如何做。故选D。
11．D 12．C 13．A 14．G 15．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在一夜之间记住一篇演讲。
11．根据上文“Memorizing a speech in one night is not an easy task, but it’s possible. There are hundreds of different memorization techniques out there.(在一个晚上记住一篇演讲不是一件容易的事情，但这是可能的。有数百种不同的记忆技巧。)”可知，这里为承上启下句，记忆的方法有很多，但有好的方法。所以选择项D“However, the best method is the basic, tried-and-true strategy of repetition and practice.(然而，最好的方法是基本的、经过验证的重复和练习的策略。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
12．根据上文“Write out the entire speech. Simply take a piece of paper and a pen and write out the entire speech. (写出整个演讲。只要拿一张纸和一支笔，写下整个演讲。)”和下文“Many people memorize information better when they are actively recording it. Copying the speech on another piece of paper can help to commit that information to memory.(许多人在积极记录信息的时候会更好地记忆信息。在另一张纸上抄写演讲稿有助于记忆。)”可知，通过多写几遍演讲稿而达到记忆的目的。所以选择项C“If the speech is relatively short, consider writing it out multiple times. (如果演讲比较短，可以考虑多写几遍。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
13．这里为本段中心句。根据下文“Much like writing the speech out on paper, typing the speech can also help commit the information to memory through visual learning. Since typing is generally faster than handwriting, you may have more time to type the speech several times in one night. There is no need to print the typed speech each time that you type it. (就像把演讲稿写在纸上一样，把演讲稿打出来也可以通过视觉学习来帮助记忆。因为打字通常比手写快，你可能有更多的时间在一个晚上打几次演讲稿。你没有必要每次都把打好的演讲稿打印出来。)”可知，本段主要介绍把演讲稿的内容打出来。所以选择项A“Type up the speech (把发言稿打出来。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
14．根据上文“Rehearse your speech for a friend. (在朋友面前排练你的演讲。)”和下文“It is important to practice the speech in front of someone to ensure that you really know the information.(在别人面前练习演讲是很重要的，以确保你真正了解演讲信息。请求你的朋友给你一些建议。)”可知，在正式演讲前建议先在朋友面前练习。所以选择项G“Sometimes you may think that you know your speech well, but you freeze up when you perform it in front of people. (有时你可能认为自己很了解自己的演讲，但当你在众人面前表演时，你就会愣住。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
15．根据上文“Record yourself rehearsing the speech. If you don’t have anyone to practice with, try recording yourself while you rehearse your speech. Video recording is the best because you will be able to watch the recording and critique your speech and body language. (录下自己排练演讲的过程。如果你没有人陪你练习，试着在你排练演讲的时候给自己录音。视频录音是最好的，因为你可以观看录音并评论你的演讲和肢体语言。)”可知，本段介绍通过录制自己的演讲来帮助记住演讲的内容。所以选择项F“You can also listen to the recording while you are doing other things to help remember the information. (你也可以一边听录音，一边做其他事情来帮助记住信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
16．B 17．A 18．G 19．D 20．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了谎言中所说的事并不一定不是真实的。生活中偶尔的一些谎言是善意的表达，或是委婉的拒绝，都有一定的积极作用。同时作者还介绍了人在说谎的时候的一些小动作。
16．根据前句“What exactly is a lie Is it anything we say which we know is untrue ”(谎言到底是什么？是不是我们所知道的说一些不真实的话就是谎言呢？)可知，空前是对“什么是谎言”进行提问，使用提问的方式引出主题，B选项“Or is it something worse than what it really is ”(又或者还是比实际情况更糟糕？)符合前文的提问结构，故选B。
17．根据空前“According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a white lie.”(据他说，女性比男性更善于撒谎，尤其是在说“善意的谎言”时)可知，根据Professor Jerald Jellison得出来的结论是女性更善于说谎。根据空后“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies.”(其他研究人员表示，男性更有可能说严重的谎言。)可知，选项与前文内容构成的是转折关系，故与A选项“However, this is only one side of the story.”(然而，这只是故事的一面)起到承上启下的作用。故选A。
18．设空处放在段首，应该是本段的段旨。根据空后“It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.”(研究发现，如果他们当时是坐着的，他们会比平时在椅子上动得更多。)可知，讲述的是人在说谎时的一些细微动作的变化，与G选项“Research has also studied the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie.”(研究还研究了人们撒谎时在一些看似无关紧要的小事上的行为变化。)中的people’s behavior changes相呼应。故选G。
19．根据空前的“One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.”(对此的一种解释可能是说谎会导致血压轻微升高。)可知，人说谎的时候血压会升高，a slight increase in blood pressure与G选项“The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.”(鼻尖对这种变化非常敏感，压力的增加使它发痒。)中的such changes呼应，such changes指代的就是前文的血压升高，前句和设空处是因果关系，故选D。
20．根据段首的“Another gesture”可知本段讲述的主要内容是：人在说谎时的一些姿势动作，因此本段是围绕这一主题展开。同时根据空前的“He says there are several typical forms, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.”(他说，有几种典型的形式，比如用手指覆盖嘴巴的一部分，触摸上唇或把一只手的一个手指放在嘴巴的一边。)可知，与F选项“Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.”(这样的动作可以被理解为撒谎者无意识地试图阻止自己说谎。)中的such a gesture呼应，指代的就是上述的several typical forms中的任何一个动作形式。故选F。
21．A 22．E 23．C 24．B 25．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述邮件的结束语很重要，并介绍了三种常见的结束语。
21．根据上文“The words at the end of an email may seem unnecessary.(电子邮件结尾的单词似乎没有必要)”可知，邮件的结束语看似没必要，结合下文“Even the most common ‘Sent from my iPhone’ can tell that the sender has taken the time to reply although clearly not at their desk.(即使是最常见的‘来自我的iPhone’也表明发件人已经花时间回复了，尽管很明显不是在他们的办公桌上回复的)”可知，结束语实则很重要，A项“然而，结束语很重要”符合语境，与上文“看似没必要”形成转折关系。故选A项。
22．根据上文“When you’re struggling with how to end an email, it’s best to consider the context (语境).(当你纠结如何结束一封电子邮件时，最好考虑语境)”可知，E项“适用于亲密的同事的方法，并不适用于远方的熟人”符合语境，对上文举例说明。故选E项。
23．根据下文“However, be aware of its greeting card vibe (氛围) and use it only when it fits well with the tone of your email.(然而，要注意它的贺卡氛围，只有当它适合你的电子邮件的语气时才使用它)”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，应是讲述“Best wishes.”的普适性，C项“既友好又正式使这种落款成为一种安全的选择”符合语境。故选C项。
24．根据上文“A recent study by the email app Boomerang rated cheers as the most likely sign-off to get an email response.(电子邮件应用程序Boomerang最近的一项研究认为，cheers是收到电子邮件回复最可能的落款)”可知，选项承接上文，说明大多数人对cheers的看法。B项“令人惊讶的是，这并不是大多数人认为的thank-you”符合语境，B项中的that指代上文的“the most likely sign-off to get an email response”。故选B项。
25．根据上文“If you get a lot of emails, you know that nearly everyone uses this sign-off.(如果你收到很多邮件，你就会知道几乎每个人都用这个结尾)”可知，几乎每个人都用best这个结尾，所以这容易让人感到枯燥，G项“缺点是，如果你想要你的信息引人注意，它可能会很枯燥”符合语境，故选G项。
26．B 27．G 28．C 29．F 30．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极压力运动的倡导者对压力的看法与一般人不同，他们通过寻求一些极端的策略来帮助自己缓解压力。
26．根据上文“People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity.(人们经常讨论压力过大的危险，但最近一种非常不同的压力观点越来越受欢迎。)”可知，通常人们认为压力大是危险的，但是现在却有不同的观点。因此，空处应该介绍不同的观点。而下文“The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world.(积极压力运动是由像扎卡里·拉普这样的人组成的，他们在竞争的世界中寻找优势。)”可知，这些人认为压力有积极的一方面。选项B“This view of stress argues that stress might actually be beneficial. (这种关于压力的观点认为，压力实际上可能是有益的。)”正是表达了压力也有好的一方面。故选B。
27．根据上文“Although Rapp’s practices may sound extreme, he is one of a group of followers of a growing movement.(尽管拉普的做法可能听起来很极端，但他是一群不断壮大的运动的追随者之一。)”可知，有很多人都是这样认为的。选项G“It consists largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer.(它主要由科技行业的工人组成，他们声称这种激进的策略将帮助他们活得更好、更久。)”与上文一致。故选G。
28．根据下文“It was he himself that started using these methods in college, where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports.(正是他自己在大学时开始使用这些方法，在那里他养成了用冰浴来从运动中恢复的习惯。)”可知，这样做是他自己的选择。选项C“However, Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices.(然而，拉普并没有把他的选择归功于任何人。)”与下文一致。故选C。
29．根据上文“Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year.(拉普工作时间很长，每晚只睡5到7个小时，但他说自己一年只生病一次。)”可知，他总是将自己推向极限。选项F“For him, positive stress involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.(对他来说，积极的压力包括把身体推向极端，迫使它建立起一种耐受性。)”符合文意，与上文一致。故选F。
30．根据下文“Some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.(一些医学专家认为，积极的压力并不适合每个人，它甚至可能对不健康的人或老年人是危险的。)”可知，医学专家并不这样认为。选项E“But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners.(但是需要注意的是，并不是每个人都同意这些实践者。)”可知，有人持有不同的意见，与下文文意一致。故选E。
31．F 32．E 33．C 34．G 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍目前全世界每年都有大量的动物用于医学研究，虽然对于人类医学进步是必要的，但这对于动物而言无疑是残忍的。因此，欧洲正在限制实验室使用的动物数量。
31．根据下文“That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.(这就是为什么全世界每年有大约5000万到1亿只动物被用于研究。)”可知，空处解释了为什么需要用动物做实验。选项F“Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge wide gaps in medical knowledge.(然而，仍然需要动物实验以帮助弥合医学知识的巨大差距。)”解释了动物实验的必要性。故选F。
32．根据下文“Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research.(尽管如此，其科学家们每年仍要使用大约1200万只动物进行医学研究，其中大多数是小白鼠和大鼠。)”可知，空处应该和本句存在转折关系。本句说的是“its”科学家每年还需要1200万只动物做医学研究，那么空处指的应该是严格控制所用动物数量。选项E“Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments.(总的来说，欧洲对动物实验有着世界上最严格的法律。)”既符合下文的文意，同时Europe又和下文的“its”保持一致。故选E。
33．根据上文“The American government does not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher.(美国政府认为小鼠和大鼠不值得计算，因为它们是最常见的实验动物，真实的数字要高得多。)”可知，美国科学家用来做实验的动物数量惊人，而本段主要讲述的就是用来做实验的动物数量巨大。故空处应为上文内容的延伸。选项C“Japan has even less comprehensive data than America.(日本的数据甚至不如美国全面。)”正是对上文内容的延伸，讲述的是日本情况也很糟糕。故选C。
34．根据上文“Now Europe is changing the rules governing animal experiments by limiting the number of animals used in labs.(现在，欧洲正在通过限制实验室使用的动物数量来改变管理动物实验的规则。)”可知，本段讲述的是欧洲所采取的措施。选项G“Alternatives to animal testing, like using human tissue, are now strongly recommended.(现在强烈建议使用人体组织等替代动物实验的方法。)”正是举措之一。故选G。
35．根据上文“Animal experimentation has taught humans a great deal and saved countless lives.(动物实验教会了人类很多东西，拯救了无数生命。)”可知，动物实验给人类带来了很多的好处。选项D“It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer.(它需要继续下去，即使这意味着动物有时会遭受痛苦。)”是上文内容的延展，因为动物实验给人类带来了很多好处，所以是必不可少的。故选D。
36．C 37．G 38．B 39．F 40．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍心理学的益处。
36．由上文“Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Gaining a richer and deeper understanding of psychology can help people achieve insights into their own actions as well as a better understanding of other people. (心理学是研究心理和行为的科学。对心理学有更丰富、更深入的理解，可以帮助人们洞察自己的行为，更好地理解他人。)”可知，上文主要讲解心理学的用处，而C项As a result, psychology becomes an incredibly popular college major.(因此，心理学成为一个非常受欢迎的大学专业。)，符合语境，其中“As a result”表示对上面陈述情况的总结，有承上作用。故选C项。
37．由上文“One important benefit from a psychology major is that it teaches the student about the human mind and why people act in various manners. Not all psychology majors will become psychologists. (心理学专业的一个重要好处是，它教给学生关于人类思维以及人们为什么以各种方式行事的知识。并非所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家。)”可知，这里主要讲心理学的一个好处，而G项However, all psychology majors will develop an increased awareness about human behavior and thought patterns.(然而，所有心理学专业的学生都将提高对人类行为和思维模式的认识。)，符合语境，表明虽然不是所有心理学专业的学生都会成为心理学家，但学习心理学对他们有益，其中“However, all psychology majors”与前文“Not all psychology majors”对应。故选G项。
38．由下文“It also shows the person where he or she possesses strength and crucial skills for the modern world. (它还显示了一个人在现代世界中拥有的力量和关键技能。)”可知，这里在讲自我意识的作用。而B项It shows the individual what areas the person needs to strengthen.(它向个人展示了个人需要加强的领

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