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2023年初中英语语法学习之表语从句引导词及经典案例分析
大家讲解一下表语从句的引导词：
1.从属连词：that / whether /as if /as though/as/because
(1) that引导表语从句本身没有词义，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
连接词that一般不能省略，但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时，that可以省略。
What I want to do is (that) I can go up to him and thank him. 我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。
(2) whether引导表语从句表示“是否”,但不充当句子的成分。
The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening.
if 与whether均意为“是否”，但引导表语从句时，只能用whether, 不能用if。
(3)as if/though“好像”，引导表语从句时要注意语态.
如果句中的情况与事实不相符，从句多用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式；如果从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词要用“had + 过去分词”，如果从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might ,could )+动词原形.
Li Lei is now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy. (现在事实相反)
The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times. （与过去事实相反）
It looks as if it might rain. （与将来事实相反）
但是，如果as if/though引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符，从句则用陈述语气。
The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.
(4) as引导表语从句
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
他看起来还与十年前一样。
(5) because引导表语从句
常用结构：This/That/It is/was because····
That is because I don’t like Chinese.
2.连接代词：who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever，在表语从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。
Tom is no longer what he used to be. (what做表语)
The problem is who is fit for this job. (who做主语)
This is what I want to tell you. (what做宾语)
The problem is whose work is the best. (whose做定语)
3.连接副词：when/where/how/why，在表语从句中做状语。
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
The question is where we can live. 问题是我们能住在哪儿。
表语从句的特殊引导词
一. （just）as
表示“正如”，经常与动词 look/seem/appear搭配使用。
eg. It seems just as something terrible happened.
It looks as she is crying.
二. as if/as though
表示“好像”，也常动词look/seem/appear搭配使用，as if/though后面的表语从句中的谓语动词一般采用虚拟语气形式，通常是该谓语动词的时态采用相应的过去时态。
eg. It looks as if/as though she was angry.
Now it was as though she had known Millie for years.
It isn’t as if you were going away for ever.
三. because
because也可以引导表语从句，表原因，但since/as/for等同样表原因的词不可以用来引导表语从句。
eg.It is because I love you too much.
It's because I helped him to finish that project.
关于表语从句的几点注意事项
一．reason做主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导,而不用because；why引导主语从句做主语时，表语从句用that引导，不用because。
The reason is that he got up late.
Why he is late is that he got up late.
that is why/because
(1) That is why ...是常用句型,其中why引导的从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。That is the reason why ...与That is why ...是同义的，“这就是……的原因/因此……”，但是从语法结构上讲That is the reason why ...中的why引导的是一个定语从句。
That is why she failed to pass the exam.
那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam.
那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why 在定语从句中充当原因状语)
(2) That is because···句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是因为……”。
That is because I got up late. 这是因为我起床迟了。
(3) “That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果。
I was angry. That was because he didn’t understand me.我生气是因为他不理解我。(表语从句强调原因)
That’s why he got fired from that firm.那正是他被公司解雇的原因。(表语从句强调结果)
三. The reason (why…/for…)is /was that…. ···的原因是····
The reason for his absence is that he got up late.
The reason why he is absent is that he got up late.
他缺席的原因是他起床迟了。
四. 使用虚拟语气的表语从句
在表示建议、劝告、命令、计划含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，request，proposal，plan，idea等。
My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
表语从句是雅思写作中非常常用的另一种从句，可构成各种句型。
1 The first thing to be mentioned is that
2 Another point to be considered is that
3 The last thing to be shown is that
4 The first advantage of (doing) something is that
5 Another advantage of (doing) something is that
6 The third advantage of (doing) something is that
7 The first disadvantage of (doing) something is that
8 Another disadvantage of (doing) something is that
9 The third disadvantage of (doing) something is that
10 The first possible reason is that
11 Another cause is that
12 The third element is that
13 The first measure to be taken is that
14 Another solution is that
15 The third step is that
16 That is why
17 Why…is that…
18 A hot topic discussed by people is whether
19 A is to B what C is to D
20 A is to B as C is to D
21 My view is that…
专题训练：表语从句
1.Parts of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
答案：B
解析：“查尔斯·狄更斯喜爱他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是这本书几乎是以他的真实生活为原版创作的。”本题考查表语从句。设空处需要的是表语从句的引导词，而表语从句it was rather closely modeled on his own life很完整，意义表达清晰，不缺任何成分，故用that引导。
2. -- I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
-- That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where B. how C. when D. what
答案：A
解析：“每逢周日，我更喜欢整天都呆在屋里听音乐。”“那就是我不同意的地方，你应该过一种非常积极的生活。”本题考查名词性从句。Agree为不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，故排除what；when表示时间，how表示方式，where表示具体地点或抽象地点，根据句意可知此处应用where引导表语从句。
3.One reason for her preference for city life is __________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B. how C. what D. why
答案：A
解析：本题考查表语从句。句意“她喜欢城市生活的一个原因是她去商店和餐馆这些地方很便捷”，连接词在表语从句中无其他意义，只起连接作用，故选Ａ。
4.The traditional view is __________ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
答案：C
解析：本题考查表语从句。句意“传统观点认为，我们的睡眠是受大脑支配的(即大脑中的程序设置让我们这么做的)”，表语从句意思完整，只需用that引导，故选D。
5.One advantage of playing the guitar is __________ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
A. how B. why C. that D. when
答案：C
解析：本题考查表语从句。句意“弹奏吉他的一个好处就是它能带给你很多快乐”，连接词在动词be后面引导表语从句，而且不表示任何意义，故选C。

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