资源简介

(共61张PPT)
小学毕业总复习 英语
课 时 学 练 测
第二篇 专项提升
第二部分 词 类 梳 理
第四节 代词
知识梳理
考点精析
目录
过关检测
知识梳理
一、代词的分类
代词是用来代替名词的一种词类，大多数代词具有名词或形容词的功能。英语中的代词通常分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、关系代词、连接代词和替代词等10种。在小学阶段，主要考查前6种代词。
二、人称代词
1. 人称代词的构成
人称 单 数 复 数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he him they them
she her it it 2. 人称代词的用法
(1)人称代词的主格：在句子中作主语，也就是该句所描述的状态的呈现者或动作的执行者。在陈述句中，它位于句子的
最前面。如：
I am in the classroom. 我在教室里。
She plays the violin very well. 她小提琴拉得很好。
They worked in the factory last year. 去年他们在工厂工作。
(2)人称代词it：在英语中，it有许多不同的用法，其中一种用法是用作代词，指代前面已经提到过的人、事或物。如：
A: Who is that？那是什么？ B: It's me. 是我。
A: What's the weather like in winter in Beijing？ 北京冬天的天气怎么样？
B: It's snowy and cold. 下雪而且很冷。
A: Where's your car？ 你的车在哪里？B: It's in the garage. 在车库。
(3)人称代词的宾格：在句子中作宾语，位于动词或介词之后，是动作的承受者。如：
Mr Li teaches us English. 李老师教我们英语。
The fish in the fridge is for me. 冰箱里的鱼是给我的。
(4)人称代词并列出现的排列顺序：当几个人称代词并列出现时，其排列顺序与中文的不同。
①单数人称代词并列作主语或宾语时，其顺序为：第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。如：
You and I can come into the hall now. 我和你现在可以进入大厅了。
My brother and I are going to the cinema this evening. 今晚我的哥哥和我将去电影院。
You and Amy were there at that time. 那时艾米和你在那里。
You, Mike and I rowed a boat on the lake last summer. 你，迈
克和我去年夏天在湖上划船。
The cake is for you and me. 这个蛋糕是给你和我的。
②复数人称代词并列作主语或宾语时，其顺序为：第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。如：
We and you are going to plant trees in the nature park. 我们和你们将要在自然公园里植树。
You and they climbed the highest mountain two years ago. 两年前你们和他们爬了最高的那座山。
三、物主代词
1. 物主代词的构成
人称 单 数 复 数 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
第一人称 my mine our ours
第二人称 your yours your yours
第三人称 his his their theirs
her hers its its 2. 物主代词的用法
(1)形容词性物主代词放在名词之前，用来修饰名词，这一点与形容词有相似之处，都不能单独使用。如：
This is my room. 这是我的房间。
His cousin is in America now. 他的表弟现在在美国。
(2)名词性物主代词可以像名词一样单独使用，其作用相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。 如：
This room is mine. (mine＝my room) 这个房间是我的。
His hobby is playing computer games. It's the same as hers.
(hers＝her hobby) 他的爱好是玩电脑游戏。跟她的爱好一样。
四、反身代词
1. 反身代词的构成
人称 单 数 复 数 主格 反身代词 主格 反身代词
第一人称 I myself we ourselves
第二人称 you yourself you yourselves
第三人称 he himself they themselves
she herself it itself 【注】反身代词的构成说明：第一、二人称的单数形式在形容词性物主代词之后加-self，复数形式在形容词性物主代词后加-selves；第三人称在宾格代词后加-self(单数形式)或-selves(复数形式)。
2. 反身代词的用法
(1)反身代词常用来加强语气。如：
The king went to see the girl himself. 国王自己一人去看望那个女孩。
I can do it by myself. 我可以自己做。
(2)反身代词也可以用在动词之后。如：
David teaches himself Chinese. 大卫自学汉语。
She made herself a cup of coffee. 她给自己煮了杯咖啡。
五、指示代词
1. 指示代词的概念
指示代词意为“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”。常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those等。this和that用于指代名词单数形式；these和those用于指代名词复数形式。this和these用于指代空间上较近的人或事物；that和those用于指代空间上较远的人或事物。如：
This is my book. That book over there is yours. 这是我的书。在那边的那本书是你的。
These are dogs. Those in the tree are cats. 这些是狗。在树上的是猫。
2. 指示代词的用法
(1)指示代词兼具形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的特点，既可以单独使用，也可以在后面加名词。如：
This is his computer.＝This computer is his. 这是他的电脑。=这电脑是他的。
Those peaches are fresh.＝Those are fresh peaches. 那些桃子是新鲜的。=那些是新鲜的桃子。
(2)指示代词在句子中可以用the 代替。如：
I like this new picture. ＝I like the new picture. 我喜欢这幅新画。=我喜欢这幅新画。
六、不定代词
1. 不定代词的概念
没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，叫作不定代词。常见的不定代词有some(一些)，any(任何)，no(没有)，every(每个)，each(每个)，many(许多)，much(许多)，both(两者都)，all(全都)，little(很少)，a little(一点儿)，few(很少)，
a few(少数),other（另外的）,the other（另一个）,others（另外的人或物），the others（其余全部的人或物），another（另一个），以及由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词（如：somebody, anyone, nothing, everything）等。
2. 不定代词的用法
(1)some，any和no的用法辨析
some和any都意为“一些”，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中，no用于肯定句中表达否定的意思。如：
There are some girls in the room. 房间里有一些女孩。
There aren't any pandas in the mountain. 山里没有熊猫。
There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。
【注】在一些表示建议、请求的疑问句中，用some而不用any。如：
Would you like some coffee？ 你想喝点咖啡吗？
Can I have some more rice？ 我能多要点米饭吗？
(2)every和each的用法辨析
①every和each都意为“每个”，谓语动词均用单数形式。every强调整体之中的每一个；each强调个体概念。如：
Every student in the class gets a new book. 班里每个学生都拿了一本新书。
Each kid likes playing computer games. 每个孩子都喜欢玩
电脑游戏。
②every意为“(三者或三者以上中的)每一个”；each意为“(两者中的)每一个”。如：
I read English every day. 每天我都读英语。
There are green trees on each side of the river. 河的每边都有绿树。
(3)many和much的用法辨析
many和much都意为“大量；许多”。many只能修饰可数名词复数形式，much只能修饰不可数名词。如：
There are many people in the room. 房间里有很多人。
Much of the time was wasted. 大部分时间都浪费掉了。
(4)both和all的用法辨析
both意为“(两者)都”；all意为“(三者或三者以上)都”。如：
My parents are both teachers. 我的父母亲都是教师。
All the students in Class One like English very much. 一班所有学生都非常喜欢英语。
(5)few，a few，little，a little的用法辨析
①a few和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组，其意义是肯定的。a few修饰复数可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词。如：
I have a few friends here. 我有一些朋友在这里。
There is still a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里还有一点点水。
②few和little具有否定的意义，意为“几乎没有”。few修饰复数可数名词，little修饰不可数名词。如：
He has few friends and lives alone. 他几乎没有朋友并且自己独居。
There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。
(6)other， the other，others， the others， another的用法辨析
①other意为“另外的”，其后可接名词单数形式，也可接名词复数形式。如：
Put the candy in your other hand. 把糖放到你的另一只手。
Do you have any other questions？ 你还有其他问题吗？
②表示“两者中的一个”用one；表示“另一个”则用the other。如：
I have two sisters. One is Sarah. The other is Susan. 我有两个姐姐。一个是萨拉，另一个是苏珊。
③others泛指“另外的部分人或物”，相当于“other+复数可数名词”。如：
Some go there by car. Others go on foot. 一些人坐小汽车去那里。其他的步行去。
Some say yes， and others say no. 一些人说是，其他人说不。
④表示“很多中的一个”用one；表示“剩下的全部人或物”用the others。如：
Jack is cleverer than the others in his class. 杰克比他班上其他同学都聪明。
【注】the others＝the other＋名词复数形式。如：
Jack is cleverer than the other students in his class. 杰克比他班上其他同学都聪明。
⑤another意为“另外一个”，用来代替或修饰可数名词，表示单数概念。如：
I don't like this hat. Please show me another one. 我不喜欢这顶帽子。请拿另一顶给我看看。
七、疑问代词
疑问代词引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句，疑问代词一般位于疑问句的句首。疑问代词有who(谁，主格)，whom(谁，宾格)，whose(谁的)，what(什么)，which(哪个)等。
(疑问代词部分的讲解将在后面的疑问句章节中作详细讲解，故在此章节中省略)
考点精练
【例1】Read and write. 按要求写单词。
1. my(名词性物主代词)__________ 2. we(宾格形式)__________
考点1 考查代词的词形转换
解析:此类题考查对各类代词词形的记忆和转换。
答案：1. mine 2. us
一、Read and write. 按要求写单词。
1. she (名词性物主代词) ________ 2. she (复数形式) _________
3. we (单数形式) __________ 4. this (反义词)_________
二、Read and translate. 英汉互译。
1. 他的背包 __________
2. 我的一个朋友 _______________________________
3. look at him __________ 4. its name ______________
举一反三
hers
they
I
that
his bag
one of my friends/a friend of mine
看着他
它的名字
【例2】Read and fill. 根据中文提示填空。
Can you help __________ (我)with my English
考点2 考查代词的运用
解析:此题考查对人称代词的主格与宾格的运用。help是动词，在动词之后要用代词的宾格。
答案：me
【例3】Read and choose. 单项填空。
( )1. This is _____ crayon， and _____ is over there.
A. my； your B. mine； yours C. my； yours
( )2. There are 30 students in this class. _____ student has a computer.
A. Each B. One C. Every
解析:第1小题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的运用。第一空后有名词crayon，应该用形容词性物主代词；第二空之后直接是be动词is，应该用名词性物主代词。第2小题考查学生对不定代词的掌握情况。30是大于2的，在这个集体中的每一个，用的代词应该是every。
答案：1. C 2. C
三、Read and choose. 单项填空。
( )1. The girl can't find her mother. Let's go and help _____.
A. she B. her C. hers
( )2. This is Mr Green. We are _____ students.
A. he's B. his C. he
( )3. I don't have _____ questions.
A. no B. some C. any
举一反三
B
B
C
四、Read, choose and fill. 选择括号内适当的代词填空。
1. He is __________(I, my, me) father.
2. Pass _____(me, I, my) a pen, please.
3. Can I use __________(you, your, yours) eraser？
4. Please help __________ (them, their, they) clean the classroom.
5. Are __________(this, these) your pens？
my
me
your
them
these
6. Be quiet. Please don't wake __________(he, him, his) up.
7. This pencil is __________(me, my, mine).
8. That yellow shirt is __________(she, her, hers).
9. Can you tell __________(me, my, I) the way to the park？
10. Sarah does__________(she, her, hers)homework every day.
him
mine
hers
me
her
【例4】Read and write. 按要求改写句子。
Those are their watches. (改为单数句)
考点3 考查代词的综合运用
解析:此题考查代词在语境中的综合运用。句子由单数形式改为复数形式的时候，要求将句子中所有能够改为复数的成分都改成复数形式，反之亦然。
答案：That is her/his watch.
五、Read and fill. 在下面这段话中的横线上填写适当的代词，补全短文。
This is a photo of my family. 1.__________ father is the man on the right. The woman with glasses is 2.__________ mother. 3.__________ is an English teacher. The girl in red skirt is my sister. 4.__________ name is Linda. Who's the girl between my mother and Linda？ It's 5._________，Lily.
举一反三
My
my
She
Her
me
六、Read and write. 按要求改写句子。
There is some water in the glass.
1. 否定句： ___________________________________________
2. 一般疑问句： ________________________________________
There isn't any water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass？
过关检测
一、Read and write. 按要求写单词。
1. I (宾格) __________ 2. they (宾格) __________
3. we (名词性物主代词) __________
4. she (形容词性物主代词) __________
5. him (主格) __________ 6. you (主格) __________
7. it (反身代词) __________ 8. us(反身代词) __________
9. that(复数形式) __________ 10. those (反义词) ________
me
them
ours
her
he
you
itself
ourselves
those
these
二、Read and fill. 根据句意，用适当的代词填空。
1. This is my brother. __________ are twins.
2. Miss Green is our teacher. We all like __________ very much.
3. Sarah has four pens, but she doesn't use __________.
4. This is not her book. __________ is in my schoolbag.
5. A: What time does __________ sister have breakfast？
B: My sister has breakfast at 7：00 a.m.
We
her
them
Hers
your
6. Where are my shoes？I can't find __________.
7. A: What are you doing？
B: I'm doing __________ homework.
8. A: Whose T-shirt is that？
B: It's __________. I like it very much.
9. I have a dog. __________ name is Gogo.
10. She is a friend of __________. We got to know each other
two years ago.
them
my
mine
Its
mine
三、Read and choose. 单项填空。
( )1. _____ pencil box is beautiful. But _____ is more beautiful than _____.
A. Toms； my； he B. Tom's； mine； his C. Tom's； mine； him
( )2. Most of _____ like Chinese food.
A. they B. their C. them
( )3. I don't want this shirt. Please show me _____ one.
A. others B. the others C. another
B
C
C
( )4. I have two sisters. _____ of them are doctors.
A. Both B. All C. Either
( )5. There are _____ tomatoes in the basket.
A. a few B. a little C. little
( )6. John: Who is Betty？
Chen Jie: _____ sister.
A. He B. Him C. His
A
A
C
( )7. _____ all like playing football.
A. I， you and he B. He， you and I C. You， he and I
( )8. That's not _____. It is _____. I made it _____.
A. yours； mine； myself B. your； mine； myself
C. yours； her； myself
( )9. I can't repair (修理) the model ship （模型船） _____.
Can you help _____？
A. me； myself B. myself； myself C. myself； me
C
A
C
( )10. We study Chinese， English， maths and some
_____ subjects.
A. the other B. other C. another
B
四、Read and write. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. This is their classroom. (改为同义句)
_____________________________________
2. This is my book， and that is his book. (改为复数句)
_________________________________________________
3. 我们的老师喜欢我们，我们也喜欢他。(汉译英)
__________________________________________________
This classroom is theirs.
These are our books， and those are their books.
Our teacher likes us， and we like him， too.
五、Read and choose. 完形填空。
Look at the girl！ She is 1 good friend. She is 2 English girl. 3 name is Susan. 4 twelve. My 5 is Julia. 6 a Chinese girl. I am eleven. Susan has a happy family. 7 father is a driver and her mother is a doctor. I have a happy family， too. There are three people in 8 family. They are my father， my mother and
9 . I love my parents and 10 love me， too.
( )1. A. I B. my C. mine
( )2. A. a B. an C. the
( )3. A. She B. She's C. Her
( )4. A. She B. She's C. Her
( )5. A. name B. book C. friend
( )6. A. I B. I'm C. She
B
B
C
B
A
B
( )7. A. She's B. Hers C. Her
( )8. A. my B. mine C. me
( )9. A. we B. me C. my
( )10. A. them B. their C. they
C
A
B
C

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