人教版(2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习(含解析)

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人教版(2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习(含解析)

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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage
重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习
(知识点全覆盖)
重点单词变形
1.qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→ vt.(使)具有资格;(使)合格→ n.资格;资历;资格证书
2.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的→ adv.热情地→ n.热情;热忱
3.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→ v.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等);寄宿n.木板;董事会;伙食
4.assign vt.分派;布置;分配→ n.任务;作业;分配
5.envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌→ adj.嫉妒的;羡慕的
6.perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神→ vi.坚持;孜孜以求
7.resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念→ n.决议;解决;坚定
8.cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的→ adv.残忍地;残酷地→ n.残忍;残酷
9.unfortunately adv.不幸地;遗憾地→ adv.幸运地→ n.运气;财产
10.guidance n.指导;引导;导航→ n.导游;指南vt.带领;引导;为……领路
11.advertising n.广告活动;广告业→ vt.& vi.公布;宣传;做广告
→ n.广告;宣传
12.corporate adj.公司的;法人的;社团的→ n.(大)公司;法人
13.commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献→ vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务;(使)作出保证→ adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1.He has the ________ that the job requires, so I believe he is ________ for the job. (qualify)
2.I was walking around the woods when I found a poor dog _________ (abandon) there.
3.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her _________ (enthusiastic) for life.
4.The government is pressing for an early __________ (resolve) of the dispute.
5.The president made a ____________ (commit) to the nation that he would struggle for lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.
6.__________ (fortunate), his application for the expedition was accepted.
7.The company put some __________ (advertise) in the local paper to advertise their products.
8.She has never stopped trying and showed great __________ (persevere).
9.People can’t help __________ (envy) their wages and lifestyle.
10.At the bad news that he would be put on trail, his heart __________ (sink).
11.Escape can be a strong __________ (motive) for travel.
12.Thanks to your hard work,we can finish the task ahead ________schedule.
13.Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar to me,they are easy _____(answer).
14.Alone in a strange city, without friends and money, he fell _____despair.
15.From then on, I committed myself to ________(lose) weight and getting into shape.
16.____my relief, our expedition had a happy ending — we finally got to our destination.
17.Nowadays, consumers are more and more enthusiastic ____mobile payment instead of paying cash.
18.From my point of view, experienced advisors should be assigned ____(handle) the tough nut.
19.He abandoned ____(he) to deep despair when the news came that his wife had been killed in a car accident.
20.John’s only ________(recreate) is painting. He has been learning how to paint for many years.
21.He could hear her dog ________(bark) and whining in the distance at the moment.
22.The manager has arranged for us ________(have) a meeting in the afternoon.
23.After his graduation from college,he ________(assign) to work at the foreign ministry.
24.I would appreciate it if you could approve my ________(apply) and inform me of the interview.
25.The________ (guide) system didn’t work and he had to get it repaired by professionals.
26.After a few days, you’ll establish a pattern of going to bed at ________(rough) the same time and falling asleep right away.
27.Sometimes the non-vegan(非严格素食主义者) might feel uncomfortable, afraid that their vegan friend will think they are ________(cruelty) for eating animals or animal products.
28.Having worked as an educator for many years, Jane is very experienced ____teaching.
29.We’ve applied ____a charitable organization for a grant for the project.
30.Today I am as_____________ about my job as the first day and my_____________ enables me to treat my job ___________.(enthusiastic)
31.We as individuals can also be committed to ________ (reduce) our carbon footprint on the environment.
32.He asked me to take fewer ________ (belong) as there was little room left in our car.
33.I have arranged for Tom ________(pick) up the experts at the airport.
34.With faith and ________(persevere), Goodall finally overcame all the difficulties.
35.The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he ________(play) in the mud all the morning.
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
36.All passengers __________ (在飞机上), we should be landing shortly. Please fasten your seat belts.
37.He made a __________ (真心的) attempt to improve conditions.
38.I want to find a __________ (体面的) and leisurable job with high pay in the future.
39.The mission for the________(全体乘务人员)of the space shuttle is essentially over.
40.I had a physical problem and had to go to the hospital for a __________ (全面的) examination.
41.We are always busy with our work, only playing basketball once a week for __________ (消遣).
42.It is a good opportunity for young people to improve their performance under the __________ (指导) of the professional coach.
43.The __________ (应试者) who failed to meet these requirements was not admitted to the university.
44.As __________ (儒家) says, “Keep what you say and carry out what you do.”
45.She decided she would try to forget the __________ (一段经历) by the lake.
三、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Antarctica, the southernmost part of Earth, is covered with snow and ice all year round. ____46____ it has amazing views, many people are still frightened by this icy desert.
But 34-year-old US explorer Colin O’ Brady is different. Three____47____ (month) ago he became the first person ____48____(cross) Antarctica alone. During the 932-mile journey, O’ Brady spent 54 days in extreme conditions. He had to push ____49____ (he) to the limit. He carried everything he’d need on a sled. But even with enough food, O’ Brady began to become ____50____ (thin) and weaker after six weeks. “I ____51____ (lose) a ton of weight so far. My legs feel more like the size of my arms at this point,” he wrote on US social media Instagram.
Adding to the pressure, O’ Brady was racing against Louis from the UK. The two men set off together, with Brady ____52____ (take) an early lead. But on Christmas Day, O’ Brady resolved to make a final effort without stopping for a rest. ____53____(lucky) for him he made it, getting to the finish line earlier than Louis.
O’ Brady thinks that he has the spirit ____54____ exploration in his blood: He is____55____athlete, who loves to move. He also believes we can all have this strength and achieve much.
参考答案:
重点单词变形
1.qualified adj.符合资格;具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格;(使)合格→qualification n.资格;资历;资格证书
2.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n.热情;热忱
3.aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等);寄宿n.木板;董事会;伙食
4.assign vt.分派;布置;分配→assignment n.任务;作业;分配
5.envy n.& vt.羡慕;妒忌→envious adj.嫉妒的;羡慕的
6.perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持;孜孜以求
7.resolve vi.& vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念→resolution n.决议;解决;坚定
8.cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地;残酷地→cruelty n.残忍;残酷
9.unfortunately adv.不幸地;遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n.运气;财产
10.guidance n.指导;引导;导航→guide n.导游;指南vt.带领;引导;为……领路
11.advertising n.广告活动;广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布;宣传;做广告→advertisement n.广告;宣传
12.corporate adj.公司的;法人的;社团的→corporation n.(大)公司;法人
13.commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务;(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的
1. qualification qualified
【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意:他有这份工作所需的资历,所以我相信他有资格担任这份工作。第一空作has的宾语,需用qualify的名词形式qualification,意为“资格,资历”,空前有the限定,表示特指,可用单数形式。第二空作is的表语,需用qualify的形容词形式qualified,意为“有资格的,胜任的”。故第一空填qualification,第二空填qualified。
2.abandoned
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我在树林里散步时,发现一只可怜的狗被遗弃在那里。分析句子可知,空处为非谓语动词,dog与abandon为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填abandoned。
3.enthusiasm
【详解】考查名词。句意:尽管露丝玛丽患一种严重的疾病很多年了,但她从来没有失去对生活的热情。在介词of后应用名词作宾语。名词enthusiasm意为“热情”,不可数。故填enthusiasm。
4.resolution
【详解】考查名词。句意:政府迫切要求尽早解决争端。作介词的宾语应用名词resolution,不定冠词提示用单数。故填resolution。
5.commitment
【详解】考查名词。句意:总统向全国承诺,他上任后将努力降低税收和改善医疗保健。根据句意可知,此处为动词短语make a commitment to“做出承诺”,满足句意要求,所以此处为名词作宾语。故填commitment。
6.Fortunately
【详解】考查副词。句意:幸运的是,他的探险申请被接受了。分析句子可知,此处为副词Fortunately“幸运的是”作状语修饰整个句子。故填Fortunately。
7.advertisements
【详解】考查名词。句意:这家公司在当地报纸上刊登了一些广告来宣传他们的产品。此处应用可数名词advertisement作宾语,由some可知,应用复数,故填advertisements。
8.perseverance
【详解】考查名词。句意:她从未停止过尝试,表现出了极大的毅力。分析句子可知,设空处需要名词perseverance充当宾语,表示“毅力”是不可数名词。故填perseverance。
9.envying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们禁不住羡慕他们的工资和生活方式。短语can't help doing sth.,后跟动名词作宾语。故填envying。
10.sank
【详解】考查时态。句意:听到他将被审判的坏消息,他的心沉了下去。此处在主句中作谓语,由句意可知,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,此处应用动词过去式,故填sank。
11.motivation
【详解】考查名词。句意:逃避是旅游的一大动机。空处应填名词作表语,motivation动机,可数名词,由a可知应用单数形式。故填motivation。
12.of
【详解】考查介词。句意:由于你们的努力工作,我们能提前完成任务。ahead of schedule固定搭配,意为“提前”,故填of。
13.to answer
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然有些问题我不熟悉,但很容易回答。be + 形容词 + to do。根据句意,故填to answer。
14.into
【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意:在一个陌生的城市里,没有朋友,没有钱,他陷入了绝望。fall into意为“陷入”,为固定搭配。根据“Alone in a strange city, without friends and money”可知,fall into符合语境。故填into。
15.losing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:从那时起,我决心减肥,保持身材。短语commit oneself to doing sth.,表示“致力于做……”,动名词作宾语。故填losing。
16.To 
【详解】考查固定结构。句意:使我宽慰的是,我们的探险有一个圆满的结局——我们终于到达了目的地。“to one’s +名词”是常用搭配,意思是“使某人……的是”,其中名词多是表示人的情绪的名词,如surprise, excitement, joy, delight, disappointment等。此处“to my relief”意为“使我宽慰的是”。故填To。
17.about 
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:现在,消费者越来越热衷于移动支付,而不是现金支付。be enthusiastic about为固定搭配,意为“对……感兴趣,热衷于……”。故填about。
18.to handle 
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意:依我看,应该指派有经验的顾问去处理这个棘手的问题。assign sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”。结合句意空处为其被动形式sb. be assigned to do sth.。故填to handle。
19.himself 
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:当他的妻子死于车祸的消息传来时,他陷入了深深的绝望。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要反身代词作宾语,abandon oneself to sth.是常用搭配,意为“陷入/沉湎于某种情感”。故填himself。
20.recreation
【详解】考查名词。句意:约翰唯一的消遣活动是画画。他学画画已经很多年了。John’s only 后接名词,作主语,应用recreation,意为“娱乐活动”,为可数名词,由only可知,应用单数。故recreation。
21.barking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:此刻他能听见她的狗在远处吠叫。hear+宾语+宾补,表示“听到……”,狗和叫是主动关系,用现在分词表示主动,作宾语补足语。故填barking。
22.to have
【详解】考查不定式。句意:经理已安排我们下午开会。根据句意和空格前的arrange for us以及所给动词have分析句子可知,此处是考查动词arrange的用法arrange for somebody to do something(安排某人做某事)。故填to have。
23.was assigned
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:大学毕业后,他被分配到外交部工作。主语和谓语“分配”,描述过去的事情是一般过去时,是被动关系,故填was assigned。
24.application
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果您能批准我的申请并通知我面试,我将不胜感激。作动词approve的宾语,应用名词application。故填application。
25.guidance
【详解】考查名词。句意:制导系统失灵了,他必须请专业人士来修理。分析句子可知,此处应用名词guidance作system的定语,表示用途。故填guidance。
26.roughly
【详解】考查副词。句意:几天后,你会形成一种大约在同一时间上床并立即睡着的模式。此处roughly意为“大约”,作程度状语。故填roughly。
27.cruel
【详解】考查形容词。句意:有时,非严格素食主义者可能会觉得不舒服,害怕他们的严格素食主义者朋友会认为他们吃动物或动物产品是残忍的。分析句子成分可知,设空处作表语,应是形容词。“cruelty”,名词,意为“残忍,残酷”,其形容词为“cruel(残忍的,残酷的)”。故填cruel。
28.in
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:Jane作为一名教育者已经工作了多年,她在教学方面很有经验。be experienced in意为“在……方面有经验”,为固定搭配,符合句意和语境。故填in。
29.to
【详解】考查介词。句意:我们已经向一个慈善机构申请给这个项目拨款。apply to sb./sth. for sth.为固定用法,意为“向……申请……”。故填to。
30. enthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically
【详解】考查形容词,名词和副词。句意:今天,我对我的工作和第一天一样充满热情,我的热情使我能够热情地对待我的工作。第一个空处为形容词做表语,在as...as...中间应用形容词原级,第二个空在形容词物主代词后,应用名词形式做主语,第三个空修饰动词短语treat my job,应用副词作状语,故填enthusiastic;enthusiasm;enthusiastically。
31.reducing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为个人,我们也可以致力于减少对环境的碳足迹。分析句子结构,空白处前面的to为介词,因此空白处填动名词,故填reducing。
32.belongings
【详解】考查名词。句意:他让我少带些东西,因为我们的车里已经没有多少地方了。根据句意以及空前的fewer形容词可知,此处为复数名词belongings“物品,所有物”,满足句意要求。故填belongings。
33.to pick
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我已安排汤姆到机场去接专家们。短语arrange for sb. to do sth.表示“安排某人做某事”。故填to pick。
34.perseverance
【详解】考查名词。句意:凭着信念和毅力,古道尔终于克服了所有的困难。空处和faith并列,需填名词作介词with的宾语,perseverance意为“毅力”,是不可数名词。故填perseverance。
35.has been playing
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏,因为他整个上午都在泥里玩。根据句意和所给动词play分析句子可知,空格处是原因状语从句的谓语部分,由主句的时态是一般现在时和后面的时间状语all the morning可知,原因状语从句应该用现在完成进行时;根据主语he可知,谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has been playing。
36.aboard
【详解】考查副词。句意:飞机上的所有乘客,我们马上就要着陆了。请系好安全带。根据汉语提示可知应填副词aboard,作后置定语,修饰people,故填aboard。
37.genuine
【详解】考查形容词。句意:他真诚地试图改善条件。根据句意和所给汉语提示以及空格后的名词attempt分析句子可知,空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语,修饰后面的attempt,且意义为“真心的”,所以应该用形容词genuine。故填genuine。
38.decent
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我想将来找一份体面、悠闲、薪水高的工作。根据汉语提示可知,decent体面的,形容词,在句中和形容词leisurable并列作定语,修饰名词job,故填decent。
39.crew
【详解】考查名词。句意:航天飞机机组人员的任务基本结束了。空前有the,空格处用名词,“全体乘务人员”是crew,是集合名词,故填crew。
40.thorough
【详解】考查形容词。句意:我身体有问题,必须去医院做全面检查。根据汉语提示可知,thorough全面的,形容词,在句中作定语修饰名词examination。故填thorough。
41.recreation
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们总是忙于工作,每周只打一次篮球消遣。根据汉语提示“消遣”,以及句子结构可知此处需要名词recreation充当介词for的宾语,表示“娱乐,消遣”是不可数名词。故填recreation。
42.guidance
【详解】考查名词。句意:这是年轻人在专业教练指导下提高成绩的好机会。“指导”作介词宾语,应用名词guidance;under the guidance of...“在……的指引下”。故填guidance。
43.candidate
【详解】考查名词。句意:不符合这些要求的应试者不能被这所大学录取。根据汉语提示可知,candidate应试者,投考者,可数名词,由was可知应用名词单数作主语。故填candidate。
44.Confucianism
【详解】考查名词。句意:正如儒家所说:“言而有信,行而有信。”“儒家”应用名词Confucianism作主语,为不可数名词,且为专有名词,首字母大写,故填Confucianism。
45.episode
【详解】考查名词。句意:她决定尽量忘掉在湖边发生的那件事。根据汉语提示可知应填名词episode,作宾语。故填episode。
46.Although/Though 47.months 48.to cross 49.himself 50.thinner 51.have lost 52.taking 53.Luckily 54.of 55.an
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述美国探险家Colin O’ Brady独自横跨南极的经历。
46.考查状语从句。句意:尽管它的景色令人惊叹,但许多人仍然害怕这片冰冷的沙漠。根据语境可知,句子表示“尽管它的景色令人惊叹,但许多人仍然害怕这片冰冷的沙漠”,空格处意为“尽管”,用although/though,引导让步状语从句,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Although/Though。
47.考查名词的复数。句意:三个月前,他成为了第一个独自穿越南极洲的人。空前有Three,空格处用复数,故填months。
48.考查不定式。句意:三个月前,他成为了第一个独自穿越南极洲的人。此处名词person被序数词the first修饰,后用不定式作定语。故填to cross。
49.考查反身代词。句意:他必须把自己逼到极限。主语是He,和宾语一致,所以要用反身代词作宾语。故填himself。
50.考查比较级。句意:但即使有足够的食物,六周后,奥布雷迪开始变得越来越瘦和虚弱。由空后的and weaker可知应该用比较级,指“与六周之前相比他的身体更瘦、更弱了”。故填thinner。
51.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,我已经瘦了一吨。由句中的so far可知,时态应该用现在完成时,主语是I,因此空格处是have lost。故填have lost。
52.考查非谓语动词。句意:两人一起出发了,Brady一开始就领先。空格处是with复合结构,Brady和take之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,作宾语补足语,故填taking。
53.考查副词。句意:幸运的是,他做到了,比Louis早到达了终点。空格处用副词luckily作状语,修饰for him,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Luckily。
54.考查介词。句意:O’ Brady认为他的血液里流淌着探索的精神。the spirit of exploration意为“探索精神”,因此空格处用介词of。故填of。
55.考查冠词。句意:他是一名运动员,热爱运动。athlete是可数名词,表泛指,前面要加不定冠词,athlete是元音音素开头,因此不定冠词用an,故填an。

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