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现在完成时
Part 1【现在完成时讲解】
【要点1】现在完成时----结构+时间标志词
定义：表示过去发生的动作持续到现在或者现在结束对现在造成的影响或结果。
表经历或经验
结构：___________________________
**注意：have-- ______（过去分词）;do-- ______（过去分词）以及其他动词变化。
句式变化：
1. She has done her homework. （变否定句）→
2. I have ever asked him to write to his friend. （变一般疑问句）→
3. Andy has been in the USA for two years. (对划线部分提问)
________ _________ has Andy been in the USA
4. The students have cleaned the classroom. 变反义疑问句。
注意：否定回答时，除了用haven’t/hasn’t之外，还可以用“No，not yet．／No，never．／No，not even once．”等
【即学即练】句型转换
Tom has written us a funny story. (一般疑问句)
__________Tom __________ us a funny story
I have already fed the dog. (否定句) I __________ fed the dog __________.
He hasn`t come to school because he’s ill. (就划线部分提问)
_________ _________ he come to school
Macao has been back to the motherland since 1999. (对划线部分提问)
________ _________ has Macao been back to the motherland
The famous writer has been dead for about fifty years. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ has the famous writer been dead
He has already completed the composition. （变否定句）
He ________ completed the composition ________.
时间状语：
（1）____________（已经）用在 句; ___________（至今）用在 句。
例1：I have already finished my homework. → I haven't finished my homework yet.
例2：They have already found the lost books.→ Have they found the lost books yet
（2）____________（曾经）用在 句; ___________（从不）用在 句。
例1：We have ever spoken to a foreigner. → We have never spoken to a foreigner.
例2：She has never been abroad. → Has she ever been abroad？
（3）for+一段时间 ； since+ 过去时间点、过去时间段+ago、过去式句子
翻译：自从…以来已经一段时间了。
① It is + 时间段 +since从句
② It has been + 一段时间+ since从句
③ 一段时间+ has passed + since 从句
Eg： 自从我去上海一周了。
【即学即练】选用for和since填空以及句型转换:
We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
His father has been in the factory _______ 10 years ago.
The film has been on _______ 20 minutes.
Mr. Green has worked here ________ he came to China.
His grandparents have been dead ________ several years.
It’s five years _________ we met last time.
I have already had dinner. （否定） I __________ __________ dinner __________.
I have learned English for three years. (同义句)
It is three years _______ I _______ to learn English.
The famous writer has been dead for about fifty years. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ has the famous writer been dead
I have already had dinner. （提问）______________________________________
He has just finished his homework. （提问）_____________________________________
Susan has learned English at school. （提问） _____________________________________
Mum has cooked the dinner. （提问）_______________________________________
（4）______________________(在过去的几年中) & in the past (在过去)
____________ (刚刚、仅仅)& just now（刚才）
（5）____________（以前），_______________(两次)，______________ (到目前为止)等等。
【即学即练】
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Every student _________________ (see) the film already.
2. Kent and I __________________ (write) a song before.
3. Dick _______________ (do) the work these days.
4. The people in the mountains ________ never ________ (see) films.
5. Patty _______________ (buy) a magazine about the school life.
7. The glass is broken. Who ________ (break) this glass
8. Finally the workers ______________ (finish) that job.
9. ________ you ________ (borrow) the book we talked about last time
10. There’s no more wine in the bottle. They ________ (drink) all of it.
11. I ______________ (see) the movie once before. I __________ (love) it a lot.
12. I_______ already _______(see)the film. I_______(see)it last week.
13. ______ he _________(finish) his work today Not yet .
14. ______ you ever ________(eat )chocolate sundaes No, never.
15. My father _______just ________(come) back from work. He is tired now.
16. Shanghai ______(be) a small town hundreds of years ago.
Now it ______________ (become) a large city.
17. So far I ____________(make) quite a few friends here.
18. ---How long ______the Wangs _________(stay) here ---For two weeks.
【要点4】现在完成时----短暂动词与延续动词的转换(常用)
打油诗：（常见瞬间动词）
眼睛一开，爱上了，加入了结婚。
开始买，开始借，结束还。
来了，到了，去了，离开了。
眼睛一关，去世了。
1）转化为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时态
eg: borrow → ________ buy → ________ put on → ________
become → ___________
catch a cold → ________a cold
2）转化为“ be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”
eg: begin/start → ________ finish → ___________ die → ___________
open → ___________ close /shut→ ___________
leave →________ (from) go out → ___________ fall ill →___________
get up → ___________ fall asleep → ___________ marry→___________
come/ go → be + 相应的介词短语
get to/ arrive in（at）/reach → ___________+地点
join → ___________+活动/组织
make friends →___________ friends
【即学即练】
1) He has _______ the watch for a year.
A. buy B. bought C. have D. had
2) I ________ for three days.
A. have a cold B. have had a cold C. have caught a cold
3)---Do you know him well ---Sure. We ______ friends since ten years ago.
A. was B. have been C. have become D. became
4) His father ______ the club for twenty years.
　A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
5)I _______ this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.
A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept
【要点5】辨析：现在完成时----易混点
have been to… 意为：_______________________
**注意：常与never, ever, once, twice, three/four…times 等副词连用.
have gone to… 意为：_______________________
have been in… 意为：_______________________
have been on… 意为：_______________________
1.I Beijing twice. It’s so beautiful.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. has been to B. went
2.---Where’s your father --- He to the post office.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. will go
3.---May I speak to Mr. Green
---Sorry. He London. But he’ll be back in two days.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to
4.---Excuse me, is Sally here ---Sorry, she Beijing on business.
A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. have gone to
5.---Why are you so upset
---I’m expecting a call from my son. He __________ Australia for two weeks.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has gone in
6. The Smiths ________ Beijing for more than 2 months.
A. has been to B. has been in C. have been to D. have been in
【要点6】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last
night, three weeks ago, in1990等. 常与recently, so far, in the past+一段时间
一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。一般过去时就可以和与表示过去的时间状语连用.
eg: I have already seen the film. （现在完成时，已经看了这部电影，并且知道电影的内容）
I saw the film last week.（一般过去式，因为后面有表示过去的时间状语last week）
【即学即练】用所给单词填适当形式填空
1. _____ you ________(clean) the room Yes, we__________(do) that already.
2. When _______ you ______(do) it We _______(do) it an hour ago.
3. ______ he ______(see) this film yet Yes.
4. When _____ he _____(see) it He______ it last week.
5. I _______ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
6. Mr. Chen _________(give)up smoking last year.
7. She _____(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she Yes. How ____ she ____(go) there She ____(go) there by air.
【要点7】一般过去时与现在完成时态转换
【即学即练】
1. Li Lei joined the Party three years ago. （同义句）
Li Lei the Party three years.
Li Lei the Party three years ago.
2. My father left Guizhou last week. （同义句）
My father Guizhou a week.
My father Guizhou last week.
3. The factory opened in 1996. （同义句）
The factory ten years.
The factory since 1996.
4. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago.
Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago.
Mr. Wang Beijing five days.
5. The film began ten minutes ago.
The film for .
The film since
6. She bought the new car three years ago.
She _______ ________ the new car _______ three years.
She _______ ________ the new car ________ three years ago.
7. They came to China ten years ago.
They _______ _______ _______ China _______ ten years.
They _______ _______ _______ China _______ ten years ago.
8.Last night I learned twenty English words. (用so far替换last night)
So far I ________ __________ twenty English words.
单项选择（一）
The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
Have you met Mr. Li ____
A. ever B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
I have read Robinson Crusoe , but I haven’t red Tom Sawyer .
A. already, already B. yet, yet C. already, yet D. yet, already
We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
　A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ twice.
　A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was, studying B. will, study C. has, studied D. are, studying
I _____ at this school for two years.
A. am studying 　　　B. study 　　　C. studied 　　　D. have studied
We have been friends since ______.
A. children　　　 B. five years　　　 C. five years ago 　　　D. five years before
You ______ that question three times.
A. already asked　　　B. have already asked C. already have asked 　D. asked already
It ten years since he left the army.
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
The students have cleaned the classroom,
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
　　A. since last week　　 B. a week ago 　　C. for a week　　 D. since a week ago
---Our country ____ a lot so far. ---Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
　A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed better D. changed; better
--- you your homework yet ---Yes. I it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished
C. Have; done; have finished D. will; do; finish
---Mum, where is my dictionary
---Oh, I didn’t see it, either. I’m afraid you ___________ it.
A. are losing B. will lose C. have lost D. were losing
The Greens lunch when I got to their house.
A. were having B. was having C. have had D. has had
句型转换，每空一词。
He has already gone home.
He _________ __________ home ____________. (否定句)
____________ he __________ home ___________ (一般疑问句)
He has lunch at home.
He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句)
____________ he __________ lunch at home (一般疑问句)
He has been there twice. (对划线部分提问)
_________ _______ ________ __________ he been there
The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
单项选择（二）
---These farmers have been to the United States. ---Really When _____ there
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
---Do you know him well ---Sure. We ______ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
--- you your homework yet ---Yes, I _____ it a moment ago.
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library.
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to 　C. have gone to D. have been
When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
The factory since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
How long _______ he ________
A. did, died B. has, died C. has, been dead D. did, die
He _____ at eight yesterday afternoon.
A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had D. had had
---How long _____ you _____ ill ---Two weeks.
A. did, fall B. have, fell C. have, been D. did, fell
--- How long can I ______ the book --- Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack He his country.
2) David the park just now.
3) John England since he came back.
4) How long you this village
5) The Smiths Beijing for years.
6) --- you ever America
---Yes, I there many times.
7) I this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim He the farm.
9) When_________ he He an hour ago.
10) ---Would you like to the zoo with me ---Yes, but I there before.
延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化
1.He died 10 years ago. ——He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.
2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ——He _____________the book for 2 weeks.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ——He ___________the motorbike for a month.
4. He arrived here three days ago. ——He ____________here since three days ago.
5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. ——The light __________for 2 hours.
6. He left here 2 years ago. ——— He ____________from here for 2 years.
7. The film began 30 minutes ago. ——The film __________ for 30 minutes.
8. They opened the door an hour ago. —— The door __________ for an hour.
9. They closed the door an hour ago. ——The door ___________for an hour.
10. He joined the army last year. ——He __________ a _______ for a year.
He _____________ the army for a year. It a year he joined the army.
句型转换，每空一词。
This factory opened twenty years ago.(改为同义句)
This factory__________ __________ __________ for twenty years.
Miss Gao left an hour ago. (改为同义句)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
Her mother has been a Party member for three years. (改为同义句)
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (改为同义句)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
表格一：
非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词
become begin/start
borrow end/finish
buy die
put on open
come/go/ arrive close
leave fall asleep
return marry
join wake up
get up lose

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