资源简介

(共68张PPT)
Unit 3 Celebrations
Lesson 1 Spring Festival
Can you name these festivals
As the bright moon shines over the sea, From far away you share this moment with me.
海上生明月，天涯共此时。
Mid-autumn Festival
But in the crowd once and again, I look for her in vain, When all at once I turn my head,
I find her there where lantern light is dimly shed.
众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首， 那人却在灯火阑珊处。
Lantern Festival
The Crepitation of Firecrackers sends off the last year,
the spring wind brings warmth into the TuSu Wine.
爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。
Spring Festival 春节
Activate and share
Where and with whom do you celebrate Spring Festival
Activate and share
What do your family do before and during Spring Festival
Preparation before Spring Festival
Activities during Spring Festival
prepare snacks
put up decorations
do Spring Festival shopping
do cleanup
have a family gathering
let off fireworks
send and grab red packets
watch Spring Festival Gala
make dumplings
Activate and share
What does Spring Festival mean to you
For example: For me, Spring Festival means going home and reunion.
Read notes from the author
Spring Festival is an important tradition in China. It has unique meaning. However, people may understand it differently, including those from other cultures. Here are three readers’ accounts to our magazine, who shared their experiences and views about it.
special
stories
Read 3 people’s introduction
Tom Jenkins
a 16-year-old exchange student living in Nanjing
Xu Gang
a 28-year-old computer engineer working in Shanghai
Li Yan
a 70-year-old grandmother from Heilongjiang
Tell out the difference
age
country
job
different meanings
Make predictions
What might Spring Festival mean to them
Below are the general ideas of three readers’ accounts with some content missing. Please read the text and fill in the blanks (one word for each blank).
★Account 1 tells us how Chinese celebrate Spring Festival in a(n) 1. ___________ eyes.
★Account 2 is mainly about what Xu Gang, who is working in another city, has done or experienced on his 2. ________ and at home during Spring Festival.
★Account 3 tells us how eager an old couple are to see their children and grandchildren and enjoy a family 3. ________ during Spring Festival.
foreigner’s
trip
gathering
Read the three readers’ accounts. Use a few words to summarise the meaning of Spring Festival for each account. Give your reasons.
For Tom, Spring Festival means excitement and a lot of fun.
For Xu Gang, coming home and being with his entire family are most important parts of the Spring Festival.
For Li Yan, Spring Festival is family time.
Read and underline Tom’s experiences
Where and with whom
Preparations before Spring Festival
Activities during Spring Festival
Feelings/understandings
Read Tom’s account again and fill in the blanks.
Reader Who he is What he experienced How he felt
Tom Jenkins A 16-year-old 1. _________ _________ living in Nanjing ★People cleaned the house from top to bottom to 2. ____________ the dirt of the past year. ★People attached the Chinese character Fu 3. _____________ to the front door to hope happiness would come. ★The greatest excitement was to let 4. ________ off across the city to 5. ________ the monster Nian. ★The family sat together to enjoy a big 6. ________ on Chinese New Year’s Eve. Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
exchange
student
sweep away
upside down
fireworks
scare away
dinner
Retell Tom’s account
Tom celebrated Spring Festival with…
Before Spring Festival, …
During Spring Festival, …
From his experiences, I know that he …
To Tom, Spring Festival meant …
Talk about Spring Festival
If Tom were your friend, you two are talking about Spring Festival.
Questions
Where and with whom
What
Why
How
…
Homework
Find out Xu Gang’s and Li Yan’s experiences of Spring Festival in the other two accounts. (Ex. 4 P.54)
P54--4Tom，Xu Gang and Li Yan’s accounts
Tom Xu Gang Li Yan
Where and with whom
Preparations before Spring Festival
Activities during Spring Festival
Feelings
Understandings
Xu Gang and Li Yan’s accounts
Xu Gang Li Yan
Where and with whom at parents’ home with his parents at home with her family
Preparations before Spring Festival book train tickets or flights and select gifts for parents get ready for children coming back and prepare dishes
Activities during Spring Festival chat with his parents and have hotpot children run/shout/play;
adults talk/make jiaozi together
Feelings eager to go home; love and care about his family miss and love her children
Understandings going home and being together with his family the joy of family gathering
Reader Who he is What he experienced How he felt
Xu Gang A 28-year-old 7. ______ ________ working in Shanghai ★He has to 8. ________ train tickets or flights several weeks before Spring Festival. ★He takes great care in choosing 9. ______________ for his parents. ★Each time he gets home his parents always 10. ________ him in on what’s been happening during the year. ★They usually have tasty 11. ________. 12.
_____________ and being with his entire family is the most important part of Spring Festival.
computer
engineer
book
gifts / presents
fill
hotpot
Coming home
Reader Who she is What she experienced How she felt
Li Yan A 70-year-old grandmother from 13. _____________ ★14. ________ before Spring Festival, she and her husband began to prepare what children like to eat. ★Their house buzzes with 15. ________ when everyone comes home during this occasion. Spring Festival for them is all about the 16. ________ of a family gathering.
Heilongjiang
Weeks
activities
joy
Retell Xu Gang’s & Li Yan’s accounts
Xu Gang/Li Yan always celebrates Spring Festival with…
Before Spring Festival, he/she …
When the family get together, …
From his/her experiences, I know that he/she …
To Xu Gang/Li Yan, Spring Festival means …
Appreciate language
Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.
Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.
The moment I get on the train, I was surrounded by Shanxi accents.
When I get home, my parents will fill me in on what’s been happening.
Our house buzzes with activities when everyone comes home. Our grandchildren run around shouting and playing, and the adults gather around the table to talk about the past year.
Voice your opinions
Do you agree with the editor’s ending remarks评论 Why
Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practiced by people across the country.
P54-EX 6. Think and share.
What can you infer from Xu Gang’s and Li Yan’s accounts What does it mean in Chinese culture
Family reunion is the central theme of both accounts. This shows the importance of family in Chinese culture.
P54 EX 7 Complete the information with the words or phrases you have learnt.
Tom Jenkins spent his first Spring Festival with his host family. A week before the festival, the host mother Mrs Chen began preparations. She 1________ the dirt of the house from top to bottom to make it ready for the new year. She also 2 __________ the Chinese 3 __________ Fu 4 ____________ on the front door to welcome happiness. Tom also learnt that playing fireworks was to scare away the monster Nian.
swept
attached
character
upside down
Xu Gang usually books the ticket of trains or 5 __________ for his trip home weeks before Spring Festival. When he gets on the train, he is 6_____________ by Shanxi 7 __________. When he gets home, his parents always 8 ___________ what happened to the people he knows. Being with his 9 __________ family is the most important part of Spring Festival for him.
flights
surrounded
accents
fill him in on
entire
Li Yan and her husband are 10 _________. They start preparing for their family’s return weeks before Spring Festival. When everyone gets home, their house 11 ________ with activities. One of their favourite family traditions is to make jiaozi.
Family being together is one of the 12 __________ of Spring Festival throughout history.
retired
buzzes
spirit
attached
character
surrounded
joy
moment
host
exchanged
tradition
custom
Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. Preparations begin a week before the festival. First, the house is cleaned from top to bottom. This is to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.
Next , the Chinese character Fu is attached upside down to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
The greatest excitement begins the night before Spring Festival. Fireworks are let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky. Children cover their ears but with an expectant look on their faces. It is to scare away the monster nian. Then we sit together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.
Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
Preparations begin a week before the festival. First, the house is cleaned from top to bottom. This is to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.
Next , the Chinese character Fu is attached upside down to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
The greatest excitement begins the night before Spring Festival. Fireworks are let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky. Children cover their ears but with an expectant look on their faces. It is to scare away the monster nian. Then we sit together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.
受到高度重视
从上到下地打扫
清除
准备
上下颠倒粘贴
据说福字山下颠倒粘贴时，
幸福会来临
烟花在整个城市上空燃放
脸上一副期待地表情
吓跑
Passive voice
Look and find the subject, the actions and the objects.
The boy knocked over the cup and spilled his juice on the rug.
subject
actions
objects
The cup was knocked over and the juice was spilled on the rug by the boy.
Passive sentence:
被动语态
被动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的承受者
The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.
被动语态
语态
主动语态：表示主语是谓语动作的执行者
We clean the classroom every day.
在下列情况下使用被动语态：
不知道也不需要知道谁做的这件事：
eg It is believed that when Fu is put upside down…
“动作执行者”显而易见：
eg The house was cleaned from top to bottom.
动作本身比“动作执行者”更重要，或不想说谁做的这件事：
eg The spirit of the festival – the spirit of family – has largely been kept.
在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式：
eg Every country was allowed to design their own Euro coins which could be used in any of the participating countries.
The international Space Station has been built in the Earth’s orbit.
Learn the structure of passive voice
Basic form of passive voice
be + done
different tenses
unchanged
Learn the structure of passive voice
Tense Passive form
Present simple
Past simple
Present continuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future simple
Past future
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去进行时
一般将来时
过去将来时
am/is/are +done
am/is/are being +done
have/has been +done
was/were +done
was/were being + done
will be +done
would be +done
过去完成时
had been +done
Highlight the structure of passive voice
(Ex.8 P.54)
The house was cleaned from top to bottom.
It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
Train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.
The spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept.
EX 9 Choose a proper option of each situation. Explain why.
1 My friend George draws landscape pictures. _______
a He sells them for money.
b They are sold by him for money.
a
What George does is more important than the pictures in the sentences, so “he” is put in the starting point of the second sentence.
2 There’s somebody behind us. _______
a I think we’re being followed.
b I think someone is following us.
a
“We” in the starting point of the sentence has better effect of showing the dangerous situation. It matters less to know who is following us.
3 This orange juice tastes awful. _______
a I think someone has left it outside the fridge for a long time.
b I think it’s been left outside the fridge for a long time.
b
“It” in the starting point of the clause shows that what happened to the juice is more closely related to the taste of the juice. It is less important to know who did it because such information would not change the fact about taste.
4 Tommy takes good care of his car. _______
a He washes the car every week.
b The car is washed by him every week.
a
“He” in the starting point of the sentence better supports the idea stated in the first sentence. What “he” does, not what the car is like shows his care for the car.
5 The old lady rented an old house. ______
a Somebody built it in 1990.
b It was built in 1900.
b
“It” in the starting point of the sentence draws more attention to the house, not who built it, and better supports the quality of the house, “old”.
在使用被动语态时，应注意以下几个问题：
1. 一些表示状态的及物动词（短语）没有被动语态。常见的这类动词（短语）有：have, hold, cost, equal, join, mean, wish, own, suit, fit, agree with, belong to, look like等。
eg This big hall built last year can hold about 3,000 people.
The house costs him 35,000 dollars.
The book belongs to me.
2. 当动词look, smell, sound, feel, taste等用作系动词时，不能用于被动语态，但是可以表示被动意义。
eg The flowers in the garden smell sweet.
The food there tastes nice.
3. 某些可以和well, easily等副词连用的不及物动词，如：read, write, sell, wear, burn等，如果用来表示主语的属性、特征，不用被动语态也可以表被动意义。试比较：
eg The clothes wash well. (表属性、特征)
这些衣服很好洗。
The clothes were washed last week. (表动作)
这些衣服上周被洗过了。
4. 某些与can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open等，可以用主动形式表被动意义。
eg The door won’t shut.
The new door won’t lock easily.
5. 当need, want, require等谓语动词前的主语与其后的非谓语动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时， 非谓语动词可以用不定式的被动式，也可以用动词-ing形式的主动式表被动含义。
eg The house needed painting .
The house need to be painted.
The flowers want watering every day.
The flowers want to be watered every day.
6. 形容词worth后接动词-ing形式的主动式表被动含义。
eg The book Jane Eyre is well worth reading.
7. 某些表示“发生(happen / take place)”、“爆发(break out)”和“传播(spread)”的不及物动词，没有被动语态。
eg Great changes have taken place in our country since 1998.
8. 一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态，此时的短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉任何部分。
eg The price has been brought down.
The children must be taken good care of.
注意：当短语动词中有中心名词，且是动宾关系，也可将这类短语动词本身的名词用作主语，构成被动语态。
eg More attention should be paid to English.
9. 使役动词have, make等以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等后接不定式作补足语时，主动结构中如用不带to的不定式，被动结构则用带to的不定式。
eg I often see the old woman next door cook meals.
= The old woman next door is often seen to cook meals.
I saw the teacher go into the classroom.
= The teacher was seen to go into the classroom.
Read the news report. Rewrite the underlined sections in passive voice.
(1) The Lantern Show in Datong, a historic city in northern China, is attracting tens of thousands of visitors during the Spring Festival holiday.
The Lantern Show exhibits over 60 series of lanterns, among which 12 are ice lanterns.
Thousands of visitors are being attracted by the Lantern Show in Datong, a historic city in northern China, during the Spring Festival holiday.
展览
(Ex.10 P.55)
(2) People mix traditional lanterns with ice lanterns to create a special and happy atmosphere. The show usually starts from the fifth day of Spring Festival. Besides the Lantern Show, people can also enjoy many other activities, including traditional operas and lantern riddle guessing games.
Traditional lanterns and ice lanterns were mixed to create a special and happy atmosphere.
气氛
(3) Last year, the government rebuilt the ancient walls in this city and (4) this year, the government organised the Lantern Show under the ancient walls for the first time. The newly built ancient walls have now become a calling card for the city.
The ancient walls in this city were rebuilt by the government.
The Lantern Show was organised by the government under the ancient walls for the first time this year.
Officials say that over 80,000 people visited the show on the first day. (5) They expect more people to visit in the coming days. The Lantern Show ends on 16 February.
More people are expected to visit in the coming days.
Ⅰ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. The computer needs ______________________ (repair) at once.
2. More and more green fruit and vegetables _____________ (sell) in the market now.
3. I won't play football until my homework ___________ (finish).
repairing / to be repaired
are being sold
is finished
4. What __________ (give) to the village school as a present last month
5. I believe that those mountains _______________ (cover) with trees in a few years.
6. The boy often makes his sister ________ (cry), but yesterday he was made ________ (cry) by his sister.
was given
will be covered
cry
to cry
7. The milk ________ (taste) strange. Do you think it's OK to drink
8. It was said at least 180 men ________________ (kill) during the night.
tastes
had been killed
II. 用所学知识完成下面短文。
My brother’s car 1. ________ (hit) by another car last week. After the police officer arrived, both drivers 2. ___________ (give) tickets for not stopping at a stop sign. My brother sent his car to a repair shop after the accident. Unfortunately, the mechanic doesn’t have the parts he needs to fix the car and the car 3. ______________ (repair) next week. Luckily, my brother has good insurance. He won’t have to pay much. The repair shop 4. ______________ (pay) by the insurance company. My brother is using my car.
was hit
were given
will be repaired
will be paid
Use the passive in the following cases
We don’t know or don’t need to know who performed the action:
It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.
It is said that Lily has gone abroad.
It is reported that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.
Use the passive in the following cases
2. The “doer” is obvious:
The house was cleaned from top to bottom.
The bridge was built last year.
Class meeting is held every Monday.
Use the passive in the following cases
3. The action itself is more important than “doer”, or we don’t want to tell who performed the action:
The spirit of the festival– the spirit of family—has largely been kept.
Use the passive in the following cases
4. In writing, especially scientific and technical reports and newspaper articles, the passive is more formal than the active:
Make sentences
The PRC
found
Oct.1st , 1949
The People’s Republic of China was founded on October 1st, 1949.
Make sentences
The World Cup
hold
July 14th , 2018
The World Cup was held on July 14th, 2018.
Make sentences
The new gymnasium
put into use
July 1st , 2020
The new gymnasium will be put into use on July 1st, 2020.
Translate with passive voice
在过去的很多年，我们已经做了很多工作去改善我们的校园。众所周知，图书馆已经竣工并且投入使用。此外，今年一个新的教学楼正在建成之中，这将给学生们提供一个更好的学习环境。花园里 正在种植新的树种，这样可以在夏天给我们提供阴凉。总而言之，学校将会变得越来越漂亮，在这里我们会开心地学习和工作。
Translate with passive voice
In the past years, we have done a lot of work to improve our school environment. As we know, the library has been completed and put into use. In addition, a new teaching building is being built this year, which will provide a better place for our study. New trees are being planted in the gardens, which will offer shadow in summer. In conclusion, our school will become more and more beautiful and we will study and work happily here.

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