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2023年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷
一、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
1.
A.academic B.previously C.submit D.assessed E.classifier F.controversy
G.subscribed H.detect I.typically J.access K.labelled
OpenAI releases "not fully reliable" tool to detect AI generated content
ChatGPT has been creating waves across the internet with its writing ability and responses to requests.The use of ChatGPT has been full of（1） ______ .There have been concerns that students can use this tool to （2） ______ AI-generated work and claim it as their own.
OpenAI，the research laboratory behind ChatGPT，has released a tool designed to （3） ______ whether text has been written by artificial intelligence，but warns it's not completely reliable – yet.
In a blog post on Tuesday，OpenAI linked to a new（4） ______ tool that has been trained to distinguish between text written by a human and that written by a variety of AI，not just ChatGPT.
The tool could be useful in cases where AI was used for "（5） ______ dishonesty" and when AI chatbots were positioned as humans，they said.But they admitted the tool "is not fully reliable" and only correctly identified 26% of AI-written English texts.It also incorrectly（6） ______ human-written texts as probably written by AI tools 9% of the time.
"Our classifier's reliability （7） ______ improves as the length of the input text pared to our （8） ______ released classifier，this new classifier is significantly more reliable on text from more recent AI systems."
Since ChatGPT was opened up to public （9） ______ ，it has given rise to a wave of concern among educational institutions across the world that it could lead to cheating in exams or assessments.Lecturers in the UK are being urged to review the way in which their courses were （10） ______ ，while some universities have banned the technology entirely and returned to pen-and-paper exams to stop students using AI.
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二、阅读理解（本大题共11小题，共22.0分）
A
Andy smiled as he and his field day team stepped up to their last activity.They were in first place，and Andy could already feel the medal around his neck.
"How exciting!" Mrs.Emory said. "You two teams are tied with the highest score of the day."
"Tied？" Andy said. "But we beat them at the relay race."
"Yes，but that was their only loss，" Mrs.Emory said. "Your team also has one loss，so you are both tied for first place."
Andy crossed his arms in front of his chest.He didn't want to think about the balloon toss （抛）.He'd been the first one to drop his balloon.
"This event is a hula hoop（呼啦圈） challenge，" Mrs.Emory said，handing everyone a hula hoop.
"Are we supposed to see how far we can roll them？" Andy asked. "No.Your challenge is to hula hoop for as long as possible.Once your hoop hits the ground，you will be disqualified.The last person hula hooping will win the event for their team."
Andy's eyes widened.He'd never hula hooped before.He looked at the rest of his team.Becky seemed confident and so did Cory.They only needed one person to do well in order to win.
"Can we start？" asked Rachelle，the other team's captain.She must have done this before because she was excited about the challenge.
Mrs.Emory blew her whistle. "Begin!" Andy watched Rachelle and mimicked everything she did.But no matter how hard he tried，the hoop wouldn't stay up.It dropped and fell to his ankles.He stepped aside and cheered for Becky and Cory who were the only ones left to battle Rachelle.
Becky sneezed and her hoop fell to the ground.Andy grumbled，but he started cheering even louder for Cory.Andy stared at Rachelle.She looked so relaxed.Her team was chanting her name，and it took Andy a moment to realize Cory had dropped his hoop.
The challenge was over，and Rachelle had won，which meant Andy's team had lost.But Andy couldn't help cheering for Rachelle as she continued to hula hoop.Rachelle was still hula hooping when Mrs.Emory gave out the medals.Andy wore his second-place medal with pride as he congratulated Rachelle，the true field day champion.
2. What can we learn about Andy from the first paragraph？ ______
A. He felt the weight of the medal hanging from his neck.
B. He got the gold medal because he got the highest score.
C. He wanted to take off his medal so he could perform better.
D. He was confident about becoming the field day champion.
3. The underlined word mimicked could be replace by ______ .
A. made fun of B. imitated C. criticised D. cheered for
4. How did Andy feel when he received his medal？ ______
A. Disappointed. B. Angry. C. Proud. D. Confused.
5. What can be inferred from the passage？ ______
A. Andy's team beat the others in the previous activities.
B. Andy is a confident player and has good sportsmanship.
C. Andy didn't cheer for Rachelle because he lost the game.
D. Andy's team members had never hula hooped before.
B
WHAT IS SCIENCE GAMES？
With a focus on collaboration，connection，discovery，and fun，students in British Columbia will have an opportunity to participate in a 3-week science journey in July 2023!At Science Games，students from Grades 1–6 across BC explore science first-hand in an online group led by engineers and geoscientists.
This interactive event hosted online gives students the chance to investigate the ways science affects their everyday lives.Diving deep into the world of innovation，participants will connect with other like-minded students and work together online to create their own solutions during each Saturday activity session.
-2023 VIRTUAL PROGRAM SCHEDULE DateDivision 1
（Grades 1–3）Division 2
（Grades 4–6）July 15，20239：00 AM–11：00 AM2：00 PM–5：00 PMJuly 22，20239：00 AM–11：00 AM2：00 PM–5：00 PMJuly 29，20239：00 AM–11：00 AM2：00 PM–5：00 PM
2023 SCIENCE GAMES REGISTRATION
To participate in these sessions，your child must be signed up as a 2023 Science Games participant and pay a ﹩25 + GST registration fee.If there is a financial barrier to your participation in the 2023 Science Games，you can apply for a bursary for a reduced rate.The online Science Games Bursary application form will be available when registration launches.
Parents/Guardians can register their child/children as：
Individual Participants
Group Participants
Please note：
You can group registrations with a group code.The group size maximum is 3 participants so you can only share your code with 2 other Science Games participants.
Science Games participants will also receive a package from Engineers and Geoscientists BC at the end of June.This package includes items that are necessary for participation in a particular Science Games activity.
Have any other questions about Science Games 2023？Email us at HYPERLINK "http：//www.sciencegames@egbc.com
6. According to the information above，Science Games is most probably ______ .
A. a science website B. a package of games
C. an online program D. a group competition
7. What does the underlined word "bursary" probably mean？ ______
A. admission B. reward C. budget D. scholarship
8. Which of the following is TRUE about Science Games？ ______
A. Each session of the virtual program will last two hours.
B. Students will conduct hands-on experiments with scientists.
C. Parents need to prepare activity materials for their children.
D. Each registration group can have no more than 3 participants.
C
Casting blame is natural：it is tempting to fault someone else for a mistake rather than taking responsibility yourself.But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes，and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus.Just as children fear mom and dad's punishment if they admit to wrongdoing，in a blaming environment，employees are afraid of criticism and punishment if they acknowledge making a mistake at work.Blame culture asks， "who dropped the ball？" instead of "where did our systems and processes fail？" The focus is on the individuals，not the processes.It's much easier to point fingers at a person or department instead of doing the harder，but the more beneficial，exercise of fixing the root cause，so the problem does not happen again.
The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies （缺陷） were highlighted by employees as early as possible.It originated in organizations where tiny errors can have catastrophic （灾难性的） consequences.These are known as high reliability organizations （HROs） and include hospitals，submarines and airlines.Because errors can be so disastrous in these organizations，it's dangerous to operate in an environment where employees don't feel able to report errors that have been made or raise concerns about that deficiencies may turn into future errors.The No Blame Culture maximizes accountability because all contributions to the event occurring are identified and reviewed for possible change and improvement.
The National Transportation Safety Board （NTSB），which supervises air traffic across the United States，makes it clear that its role is not to assign blame or liability but to find out what went wrong and to issue recommendations to avoid a repeat.The proud record of the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects no-blame processes for investigating crashes and close calls.The motive to learn from errors also exist when the risks are lower.That is why software engineers and developers routinely investigate what went wrong if a website crashes or a server goes down.
There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault？Sometimes，after all，blame is deserved.The idea of the "just culture"，a framework developed in the 1990s by James Reason，a psychologist，addresses the concern that the incompetent and the malevolent （恶意的） will be let off the hook.The line that Britain's aviation regulator draws between honest errors and the other sort is a good starting-point.It promises a culture in which people "are not punished for actions or decisions taken by them that are commensurate with their experience and training".That narrows room for blame but does not remove it entirely.
9. According to the research published in 2015，companies that ______ had better performance.
A. blamed external factors B. owned up to mistakes
C. conducted investigations D. admitted failures
10. According to the passage，the No Blame Culture ______ .
A. encourages the early disclosure of errors
B. only exists in high reliability organizations
C. enables people to shift the blame onto others
D. prevents organizations to learn from errors
11. What is the major concern about embracing blamelessness according to the passage？ ______
A. Innocent people might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed for mistakes can destroy trust in employees.
C. The line between honest errors and the other sort is not clear.
D. People won't learn their lessons if they aren't blamed for failures.
12. Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ ______
A. Why We Fail to Learn from Our Own Mistakes
B. How to Avoid Disastrous Errors in Organizations
C. Why We Should Stop the Blame Gameat Work
D. How to Deal with Workplace Blame Culture
三、阅读七选五（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）
How to support a struggling friend
We've all been in situations like this，both big and small and everything in between：from missing the bus to work to struggling with the loss of a loved mon wisdom suggests that a problem shared is a problem halved.We really want to help，yet we don't quite have the words or the tactics.
Research shows that many people don't really know what works best to help their friends effectively. （1） ______ A survey of the methods that people used to manage their friends' emotions identified 378 distinct strategies.Given this large variety of strategies，it's no wonder that deciding what to do when you have a friend in tears can be a little challenging.
The good news is that there are simple strategies you can learn that will help you provide more effective support to your friends.
Ask questions and really listen
Just as playing down a friend's problem is unwise，so is trying to empathize too quickly.While this impulse is understandable and quite normal，it is also likely to go wrong. （2） ______ So how might you best address the situation instead？A recent research suggests that it would be better to slow down and start by asking directly how your friend is feeling，rather than thinking about how you might feel in a similar situation.
A related technique to try is active listening，which is commonly used by therapists，and relatively simple to implement.
（ 3） ______ For example，your friend might spend some time explaining a series of stressful events across their week，describing arguments with their spouse，a mounting workload and some worries about debt，and you might respond by saying that it sounds like they are overwhelmed both at home and at work right now.
Don't take charge
If your support is too directive and take-charge，it might make your friends feel like they aren't able to handle things on their own，like a kid who needs their parent's help to manage their problems.
Instead，it would have been better to ask them what they want，and how they might be able to change this situation，and then listen to them talk through their options one by one.In doing this，you provide a sounding board for them to take control of the situation on their own. （4） ______ This will help them organise their thoughts and come to some solutions，without feeling like you did it for them.
A.One useful skill is to paraphrase what your friend is saying in your own words.
B.A friend who is going through hardship may benefit from a helpful gesture.
C.Part of the challenge is that there are just so many possible ways to intervene.
D.It's important not to put too much pressure on your friend to talk.
E.Research has shown that we're actually really bad at taking other people's perspectives.
F.Your aim should be to facilitate the other person's choices，rather than dominating them.
13. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
14. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
15. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
四、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
Why do songs get stuck in the head？
Have you ever had a song stuck in your head and，no matter how hard you tried，you could not get rid of it？The song played on and on，whether you were loading the dishwasher，weaving in and out of traffic，or attempting to（1） ______ your mind at the start of yoga class.
Having a song stuck in one's head，known as an earworm，is an experience that over 90% of us have on a（2） ______ .We're more likely to catch an earworm after we stop focusing，in moments when the working memory is （3） ______ ，when we're relaxed，when work is finished or when we're a bit sleepy.
Certain songs are （4） ______ than others，and so more likely to "auto repeat" in your head.There are certain musical characteristics that make songs more likely to become earworms，such as if the piece is repetitive，if there is a longer duration of certain notes，if （5） ______ between the notes are smaller.（6） ______ ，we know that mood can have an impact，with some people reporting that they always get the same earworm when they feel good，or people experiencing a fast-tempo earworm when they are（7） ______ .And of course familiarity with a song is a key（8） ______ .Songs that you don't know very well are less likely to pop up as earworms.
If you've had enough of your earworm and need to stop it in its tracks，you would be well warned not to try to block the song out，but rather to （9） ______ accept it.A determined effort to block the song out may result in the very （10） ______ of what you want.According to psychologist Daniel Wegner，（ 11） ______ the song may make your brain keep playing it over and over again.To get rid of an earworm，you may be best served by simply （12） ______ it，accepting it，and leaving it alone to let this phenomenon ends up weakening itself little by little.
Some people try to （13） ______ themselves from the song，and it works.You can try reading a book，listening to a different song or even playing an instrument.Others （14） ______ the tune in question，because it is commonly believed that earworms occur when you remember only part of a song；hearing the entire song may stop it.Neurologists （神经学家） point out that it's recommendable to chew gum to reduce the（15） ______ of an earworm because jaw movement interferes with musical memory.However，it's important to note that this phenomenon usually lasts less than 24 hours.
17. A. burden B. clear C. alter D. exploit
18. A. trial B. solid C. voluntary D. regular
19. A. inactive B. complicated C. dynamic D. uncertain
20. A. catchier B. slower C. harsher D. louder
21. A. phases B. intervals C. rhythms D. sessions
22. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Additionally
23. A. alert B. pleased C. remote D. rigid
24. A. criterion B. consequence C. concept D. contributor
25. A. readily B. constantly C. passively D. critically
26. A. opposite B. fantasy C. emphasis D. equivalent
27. A. integrating B. converting C. resisting D. tolerating
28. A. interrupting B. acknowledging C. stimulating D. facilitating
29. A. perceive B. isolate C. distract D. identify
30. A. seek out B. act out C. cast out D. knock out
31. A. proportion B. intensity C. integrity D. preference
五、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
32.
The Great Voice Actor
Since the creation of animated （动画的） motion pictures，the use of actors supplying voices （1） ______ （be） invaluable.Behind every famous cartoon character's personality is the actor standing in the recording booth and （2） ______ （ stretch） their manner of speaking in unrecognizable ways.For some of these performers，the voices they've provided have far surpassed them as people in both recognize ability and adoration.
Mel Blanc，known as "The Man of Thousand Voices"，（ 3） ______ （ regard） as the most prolific actor to ever work in Hollywood with over a thousand screen credits.He developed and performed nearly 400 distinct character voices.Whether in legendary shorts or lesser-known commercials，Mel Blanc walked so the voice actors of today （4） ______ run.
Mel Blanc lent his voice to many classic characters，but the one he is best known for is Bugs Bunny.There is little that can be said about Bugs' impact （5） ______ hasn't already been said for decades.The character is （6） ______ helped launch Warner Bros.animation into the mainstream.Bugs was even the face of Warner Bros.Family Entertainment，appearing at the beginning of many films. （7） ______ a character may not talk，that doesn't mean a fair bit of voice acting isn't involved.Mel provided the various noises of the beloved pet dinosaur，Dino，in The Flintstones.While obviously not as quotable as his caveman companions，every fan knows the excited bark of Dino when he sees his master，Fred，arrive home.In January 1961，at the age of 52，Blanc was severely injured in a car accident and had to tape his part at home with a microphone （8） ______ （ suspend） over his bed.
Mel Blanc paved the way for voice acting as a true art，though it's a skill that often goes unrecognized when praise is focused on movies and TV.The characters we all love wouldn't be where they are in the public eye without （9） ______ who put a voice to them.Many recognizable or popular voice actors of our modern era have Blanc （10） ______ （ thank） for their start，and hope to reach his level of unmatched expertise at bringing countless characters to life the way no one else can.
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六、句子翻译（本大题共4小题，共8.0分）
33. 该纪录片自播出第一集后就广受好评。（episode） ______
34. 这家面包店最近挺火，经常看到有网红在里面拍照。（so …that …） ______
35. 当务之急是找到问题的关键和解决的对策，而不是坐在那儿自怨自艾。（priority） ______
36. 太极（Tai Chi）是中华民族传统文化之瑰宝，其动作柔缓，但能以突然爆发的力量将对手击退。（feature） ______
七、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
37. 假如你是明启中学的李平。你的朋友Jenny来信说：随着大学申请和期末考试的临近，她十分忙碌，经常熬夜，没有时间参加喜欢的社团活动和社交生活，她感到难以平衡学业、课外活动和社会生活。请你写封邮件给她，内容包括：
（1）分析她面临的主要问题；
（2）提出相应的建议和理由。
38. Summary Writing
Is Banning Single-use Plastic the Right Option？
The harmful effects of using plastic are becoming increasingly apparent.Plastic does not decompose，but breaks down into smaller and smaller particles.It threatens our nature as well as our health.One popular solution to the problem is to prohibit single-use plastics.In the UK，supermarkets are being encouraged to set up plastic-free aisles，in which the food is displayed loose，and shoppers are encouraged to make more environmentally-friendly choices in packing and transporting their food.
Such plans are well-intentioned，but it may not be beneficial to eliminate （清除） the use of single-use plastic altogether.One of the fields where single-use plastic has a vital role is the food industry.When food or fresh goods are packed in plastic，they are protected and preserved，helping them remain fresher and keeping them from spoiling.Single-use plastic is also crucial in the medical industry.This is not just because of its low cost.It helps to prevent the spread of infection and that is the biggest benefit of the material in the medical field.
Replacing plastic with other materials is neither simple nor straightforward，mainly due to the challenge of finding an alternative that combines all the most desirable plastic properties.For example，glass products are a potential alternative，but cleaning them would be extremely expensive while increasing the risk to health.Another issue is that alternative materials to plastic are often more environmentally harmful than plastic.Take paper bags，for example.Research by the Northern Ireland Assembly shows four times more energy is required to manufacture a paper bag than a plastic bag.If people respond by simply using other materials，a ban on single-use plastic can end up making the problem worse.
Clearly there is a need to reduce plastic waste and its impact on the environment.However，simply banning their single use may not be the best option.
____________
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】F
【小题2】C
【小题3】H
【小题4】E
【小题5】A
【小题6】K
【小题7】I
【小题8】B
【小题9】J
【小题10】D
【解析】（1）考查不可数名词。句意：ChatGPT的使用一直充满争议。分析可知，介词of后应接名词作宾语，结合句意可知，抽象名词controversy"争议"符合题意，故选F。
（2）考查动词原形。句意：有人担心学生可以使用这个工具提交人工智能生成的作品，并声称这是他们自己的。分析可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故设空处应用动词原形，结合句意可知，动词submit"提交"符合题意，故选C。
（3）考查动词原形。句意：ChatGPT背后的研究实验室OpenAI发布了一个工具，旨在检测文本是否由人工智能编写，但警告说，它还不完全可靠。分析可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故设空处应用动词原形，结合句意可知，动词detect"检测；查出"符合题意。故选H。
（4）考查可数名词单数。句意：在周二的一篇博客文章中，OpenAI链接了一个新的分类器工具，该工具经过训练，可以区分人类编写的文本和各种人工智能编写的文本，而不仅仅是ChatGPT。分析可知，所填词为定语，修饰名词tool，结合句意可知，名词classifier"分类器"符合题意，此处为名词修饰名词表示用途，classifier tool"分类器工具"。故选E。
（5）考查形容词。句意：他们表示，在人工智能被用于"学术欺诈"以及人工智能聊天机器人被定位为人类的情况下，该工具可能会很有用。分析可知，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰后文名词dishonesty，结合句意可知，形容词academic"学术的"符合题意。故选A。
（6）考查动词时态。句意：在9%的情况下，它还错误地将人类编写的文本标记为可能是由人工智能工具编写的。分析可知，空处应用动词作谓语，结合语境可知，label"标记，贴标签于"符合句意，结合上文可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故选K。
（7）考查副词。句意：我们的分类器的可靠性通常随着输入文本长度的增加而提高。分析可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词improves，根据句意可知，副词typically"通常"符合题意。故选I。
（8）考查副词。句意：与我们之前发布的分类器相比，这个新的分类器在来自最近的人工智能系统的文本上明显更可靠。分析可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰分词released，根据句意可知，副词previously"以前地"符合题意。故选B。
（9）考查不可数名词。句意：自从ChatGPT向公众开放以来，它在世界各地的教育机构中引起了一波担忧，即它可能导致考试或评估作弊。分析可知，形容词public后应用名词作介词to的宾语，根据句意可知，不可数名词access"（使用或见到的）机会/权利"符合题意。故选J。
（10）考查动词。句意：英国的讲师被敦促重新审视他们的课程评估方式，而一些大学已经完全禁止了这项技术，并恢复了纸笔考试，以阻止学生使用人工智能。分析可知，空处应用动词作从句的谓语，结合句意表示"评估"应用动词assess，且assess与主语their courses之间是被动关系，故此处应用过去分词与空前的were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了OpenAI发布的一个旨在检测文本是否由人工智能编写的分类器工具，但它还不完全可靠。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法，判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境，确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如动词的人称数，时态，语态，固定短语；名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。
2~5.【答案】D、B、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Andy smiled as he and his field day team stepped up to their last activity.They were in first place，and Andy could already feel the medal around his neck.（安迪微笑着，他和他的团队开始了最后一项活动。他们现在排名领先，安迪已经能感觉到挂在脖子上的奖牌了）可知，安迪的团队现在排名领先，他非常有信心能够成为冠军，仿佛金牌已经挂在脖子上了。故选D项。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第八段第一句Andy's eyes widened.He'd never hula hooped before.（安迪睁大了眼睛。他以前从来没有玩过呼啦圈）及第九段"Can we start？" asked Rachelle，the other team's captain.She must have done this before because she was excited about the challenge.（"我们可以开始了吗？"另一支球队的队长蕾切尔尔问。她以前一定做过这个，因为她对这个挑战很兴奋）可知，安迪之前没有玩过呼啦圈，而蕾切尔玩的非常好，所以正式比赛时，安迪会观察蕾切尔并模仿她的动作。故推测mimicked是"模仿"的意思。A.made fun of取笑；B.imitated模仿；C.criticised受到批评；D.cheered for为之欢呼。故选B项。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Andy wore his second-place medal with pride as he congratulated Rachelle，the true field day champion.（安迪自豪地戴着第二名的奖牌，向真正的体育比赛日冠军蕾切尔表示祝贺）可知，虽然安迪没拿到冠军奖牌，但他还是非常骄傲自豪的。A.Disappointed.感到失望的；B.Angry.愤怒的；C.Proud.骄傲的；D.Confused.感到困惑的。故选C项。
（4）推理判断题。根据第一段Andy smiled as he and his field day team stepped up to their last activity.They were in first place，and Andy could already feel the medal around his neck.（安迪微笑着，他和他的团队开始了最后一项活动。他们现在排名领先，安迪已经能感觉到挂在脖子上的奖牌了）及第十段最后一句He stepped aside and cheered for Becky and Cory who were the only ones left to battle Rachelle.（他走到一边，为贝基和科里欢呼，他们是唯一剩下的与蕾切尔战斗的人）和最后一段最后一句Andy wore his second-place medal with pride as he congratulated Rachelle，the true field day champion（安迪自豪地戴着第二名的奖牌，向真正的体育比赛日冠军蕾切尔表示祝贺）可以，安迪是一个非常自信的人，当自己落败之后，会为自己的队员们加油打气，在输掉比赛后，也能由衷地祝贺冠军队，安迪具有良好的体育精神。故选B项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了一场呼啦圈比赛并赞美了安迪良好的体育精神。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
6~8.【答案】C、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一框第二段中This interactive event hosted online gives students the chance to investigate the ways science affects their everyday lives. （这个在线举办的互动活动让学生有机会调查科学如何影响他们的日常生活）可知，Science Games最有可能是在线活动。故选C项。
（2）词句猜测题。划线词所在的句子If there is a financial barrier to your participation in the 2023 Science Games，you can apply for a bursary for a reduced rate.The online Science Games Bursary application form will be available when registration launches.（如果你参加2023年科学运动会有经济障碍，你可以申请助学金，以降低费率。网上科学游戏助学金申请表将于报名时提供。）其中划线短语应为"助学金"的意思。A.admission准许进入；B.reward奖赏；C.budget预算；D.scholarship助学金。故选D项。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二框第一段The group size maximum is 3 participants so you can only share your code with 2 other Science Games participants. （小组人数最多为3人，因此你只能与其他2名科学游戏参与者分享你的代码）可知，每个注册组的参与者不超过3人。故选D项
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一项在线活动——科学游戏。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
9~12.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whose managers pointed to external factors to explain their failings underperformed companies that blamed themselves.（2015年发表的一项研究表明，那些经理把失败归咎于外部因素的公司，其表现不如那些把失败归咎于自己的公司。）可知，把失败原因归咎于自身即承认自身错误的公司比把失败归咎于外部因素的公司表现得好。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段The No Blame Culture was introduced to make sure errors and deficiencies （缺陷） were highlighted by employees as early as possible. （引入"不责怪文化"，确保员工尽早指出错误和不足。）可知，"不责怪文化"可以鼓励员工尽早揭露错误和不足。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段There is an obvious worry about embracing blamelessness.What if the website keeps crashing and the same person is at fault？Sometimes，after all，blame is deserved."（对于拥护"不责怪文化"也存在明显的担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？毕竟，有时候，被责备是罪有应得。）可知，如果对于错误不再指责，有些人可能会不断地犯同样的错误，无法吸取教训。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段But blame is also harmful.It makes it less likely that people will own up to mistakes，and thus less likely that organizations can learn from them.（但是责备也是有害的。这使得人们不太可能承认错误，因此组织也不太可能从中吸取教训。）及第二段Blame culture can spread like a virus.（责备就像病毒一样传播。）可知，文章前两段主要论述了职场中"责怪文化"的弊端，并结合下文对"不责怪文化"好处的论述可知，文章主要分析了职场中应该停止"责怪文化"的原因，并引进"不责怪文化"，C.Why We Should Stop the Blame Gameat Work.（为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责文化？）适合做文章标题。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文，主要论述了职场中"责怪文化"的弊端及引进"不责怪"文化的好处及担忧。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
13~16.【答案】C、E、A、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。上文Research shows that many people don't really know what works best to help their friends effectively.（研究表明，很多人并不知道怎样才能最有效地帮助朋友。）说明在帮助朋友方面，许多人没有有效的方法，结合下文A survey of the methods that people used to manage their friends' emotions identified 378 distinct strategies.（一项关于人们用来管理朋友情绪的方法的调查发现了378种不同的策略。）说明策略太多，导致人们无从下手，C项"Part of the challenge is that there are just so many possible ways to intervene."（部分挑战在于有太多可能的干预方式。）构成上文"很多人并不知道怎样才能最有效地帮助朋友"的原因，照应下文"378种不同的策略"，衔接恰当。故选C项。
（2）推理判断题。上文Just as playing down a friend's problem is unwise，so is trying to empathize too quickly.While this impulse is understandable and quite normal，it is also likely to go wrong.（就像淡化朋友的问题是不明智的一样，试图太快地展示同理心也是不明智的。虽然这种冲动是可以理解的，也是很正常的，但它也可能出错。）说明了太快地向朋友展示自己的同情有时候会出错，结合下文So how might you best address the situation instead？A recent research suggests that it would be better to slow down and start by asking directly how your friend is feeling，rather than thinking about how you might feel in a similar situation.（那么，你如何才能最好地应对这种情况呢？最近的一项研究表明最好放慢速度，直接询问你的朋友的感受，而不是考虑你在类似情况下的感受。）直接用研究结果展示了解决上文问题的办法，E项"Research has shown that we're actually really bad at taking other people's perspectives."（研究表明我们真的不擅长从别人的角度看问题。）总结上文内容，从而引出下文的解决办法，衔接恰当。故选E项。
（3）细节理解题。下文For example，your friend might spend some time explaining a series of stressful events across their week，describing arguments with their spouse，a mounting workload and some worries about debt，and you might respond by saying that it sounds like they are overwhelmed both at home and at work right now.（例如，你的朋友可能会花一些时间向你解释他们一周中发生的一系列压力事件，描述他们与配偶的争吵，不断增加的工作量和对债务的担忧，你可能会回答说，听起来他们现在在家庭和工作上都不堪重负。）举例说明了当朋友向你抱怨时，你可以用自己的话来解释朋友说的内容。A项"One useful skill is to paraphrase what your friend is saying in your own words"（一个有用的技巧是用你自己的话来解释你的朋友所说的话。）与下文举例内容一致。故选A项。
（4）推理判断题。上文Instead，it would have been better to ask them what they want，and how they might be able to change this situation，and then listen to them talk through their options one by one.In doing this，you provide a sounding board for them to take control of the situation on their own.（相反，最好是问他们想要什么，以及他们可能如何改变这种情况，然后听他们逐一讨论他们的选择。在这样做的过程中，你扮演的是一个参谋的角色，要让他们自己控制局面。）说明在帮助朋友过程中要以朋友为主导，帮助他们获得自己想要的结果。F项"Your aim should be to facilitate the other person's choices，rather than dominating them."（你的目标应该是促进他人的选择，而不是支配他们。）总结上文句意，衔接恰当。故选F项。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些能有效地帮助和支持面对困境的朋友的方法。
选句填空是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
17~31.【答案】B、D、A、A、B、D、A、D、C、A、C、B、C、A、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.burden烦扰；B.clear清除；C.alter改变；D.exploit开采。句意：无论你是在往洗碗机里装东西，在车流中穿梭，还是在瑜伽课开始时试图理清思绪，这首歌都在不停地播放。根据后文"your mind at the start of yoga class"可知，当你清理思绪开始瑜伽课时，这首歌都一直在脑海里回响。故选B项。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.trial试验性的；B.solid坚固的；C.voluntary自愿的；D.regular经常的。句意：有一首歌在脑海中萦绕，这被称为洗脑音乐，是我们90%以上的人经常经历的事情。根据前文"over 90% of us have"可知，我们大部分人经常会遇到这样的情形。故选D项。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.inactive不活跃的；B.complicated复杂的；C.dynamic动态的；D.uncertain不确定的。句意：当我们注意力不集中的时候，在工作记忆不活跃的时候，在我们放松的时候，当工作结束的时候，或者当我们有点困的时候，我们更容易产生洗脑音乐。根据前文"we stop focusing"及后文"when we're relaxed，when work is finished or when we're a bit sleepy"可知，当我们注意力不集中，工作记忆不活跃的时候，更容易遇到这样的情形。故选A项。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.catchier更容易记住的；B.slower更慢的；C.harsher更艰难的；D.louder更大声的。句意：某些歌曲比其他歌曲更容易上口，因此更有可能在你的脑海中"自动重复"。根据后文"so more likely to "auto repeat" in your head"可知，有些歌曲更容易记住，所以在脑海里会"自动重复"。故选A项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.phases阶段；B.intervals间隔；C.rhythms韵律；D.sessions会议，会期。句意：某些音乐特征使歌曲更有可能成为洗脑音乐，例如，如果这首歌是重复的，如果某些音符的持续时间较长，如果音符之间的间隔较小。根据后文"between the notes"可知，有些音乐音符之间间隔较小。故选B项。
（6）考查副词及语境理解。A.Instead相反；B.Therefore因此；C.Otherwise否则；D.Additionally另外。句意：此外，我们知道情绪也会产生影响，有些人报告说，当他们感觉良好的时候，他们总是会有同样的洗脑音乐，或者当他们警觉的时候，他们会有快节奏的洗脑音乐。根据前文"There are certain musical characteristics that make songs more likely to become earworms"及后文"we know that mood can have an impact"可知，前后两句是并列递进关系。故选D项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.alert警觉的；B.pleased满意的；C.remote遥远的；D.rigid刻板的。句意：此外，我们知道情绪也会产生影响，有些人报告说，当他们感觉良好的时候，他们总是会有同样的洗脑音乐，或者当他们警觉的时候，他们会有快节奏的洗脑音乐。根据前文"people experiencing a fast-tempo earworm"可知，当人们警觉的时候，他们会有快节奏的洗脑音乐。故选A项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.criterion标准；B.consequence后果；C.concept观念；D.contributor促成因素。句意：当然，熟悉一首歌是一个关键因素。根据后文"Songs that you don't know very well are less likely to pop up as earworms"可知，你不太熟悉的歌曲不太可能突然出现在耳朵里，故熟悉一首歌是产生洗脑音乐的关键因素。故选D项。
（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.readily准备好地；B.constantly不断地；C.passively被动地；D.critically批评地。句意：如果你受够了洗脑音乐，需要让它停止，你最好不要试图阻止这首歌，而是被动地接受它。根据后文"A determined effort to block the song out may result in the very （10）of what you want"可知，要想停止洗脑音乐，阻止它只会事与愿违，所以只能被动地接受它。故选C项。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.opposite相反的；B.fantasy幻想的；C.emphasised强调的；D.equivalent等同的。句意：坚决不听这首歌可能会导致与你想要的完全相反的结果。根据后文"（11）the song may make your brain keep playing it over and over again"可知，若是坚决不听这首歌，想着阻止这首歌出现在脑海里，只会事与愿违。故选A项。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.integrating整合；B.converting转变；C.resisting抵抗；D.tolerating容忍。句意：根据心理学家丹尼尔 韦格纳的说法，抵抗这首歌可能会让你的大脑一遍又一遍地播放这首歌。根据上文"A determined effort to block the song out"可知，抵抗这首歌只会让它在脑海里不断地回响。故选C项。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.interrupting打断；B.acknowledging承认；C.stimulating刺激；D.facilitating促使。句意：要想摆脱洗脑音乐，最好的办法就是承认它，接受它，让它自己慢慢消失。根据后文"accepting it，and leaving it alone"可知，想要摆脱洗脑音乐，最好是顺其自然，承认它，接受它，让它自己慢慢消失。故选B项。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.perceive感知；B.isolate孤立；C.distract使分心；D.identify识别。句意：有些人试图让自己从这首歌中分心，这很有效。根据下文"You can try reading a book，listening to a different song or even playing an instrument."可知，分散自己的注意力是一种有效方法。故选C项。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.seek out找出；B.act out付诸行动；C.cast out驱逐；D.knock out击倒。句意：另一些人则会找出有问题的曲调，因为人们普遍认为，当你只记住一首歌的一部分时，洗脑音乐就会出现；听完整首歌可能会让它停下来。根据后文"the tune in question"可知，有些人会找出成为洗脑音乐的音乐片段，然后将歌曲完整听完试图停止脑海中的洗脑音乐。故选A项。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.proportion比例；B.intensity强度；C.integrity完整；D.preference偏好。句意：神经学家指出，建议嚼口香糖来减轻洗脑音乐的强度，因为下巴的运动会干扰音乐记忆。根据后文"because jaw movement interferes with musical memory"可知，嚼口香糖可以减轻洗脑音乐的强度。故选B项。
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一直萦绕在人们脑海里的洗脑音乐的特点及摆脱它的一些方法。
完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。它题材广泛，体裁多样。文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强，具有鲜明的时代感，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等。
32.【答案】【小题1】has been
【小题2】stretching
【小题3】is regarded/has been regarded
【小题4】can/could
【小题5】that
【小题6】what
【小题7】Even though / Even if
【小题8】suspended
【小题9】those
【小题10】to thank
【解析】（1）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自动画电影诞生以来，配音演员的作用不可估量。根据since"自从"可知，谓语动词用现在完成时。主语是the use，谓语用第三人称单数。故填has been。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：每个著名的卡通人物背后都有一个站在录音棚里的演员，他们把说话方式以难以辨认的方式演绎。根据"standing in the recording booth and"可知，and前后并列了两个非谓语动词，stretch和它所修饰的词actor之间是关系主动，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填stretching。
（3）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：梅尔 布兰克，被称为"千声之人"，被认为是好莱坞有史以来最多产的演员，拥有超过1000个银幕作品。空处为句子谓语动词，regard和Mel Blanc是被动关系，表客观事实用一般现在时的被动，也可以表示从过去持续到现在的动作，谓语动词用现在完成时的被动。主语为专有名词Mel Blanc，谓语用第三人称单数。故填is/has been regarded。
（4）考查情态动词。句意：无论是在传奇短剧还是不太知名的商业广告中，梅尔 布兰克的行走都是为了让今天的配音演员能够奔跑。根据句意可知，这样做为了今天配音演员可以奔跑，空后是动词原形，故应用表示"可以，能够"的情态动词，根据连词so可知，前后句的谓语动词时态一致，用could，也可以根据today用一般现在时描述现在可以。故填can/could。
（5）考查定语从句。句意：关于兔八哥的影响，几乎没有什么是几十年来没有被提及的。先行词是Bugs' impact ，在定语从句中作主语，定语从句用that引导。故填that。
（6）考查名词性从句。句意：正是这个角色将华纳兄弟的动画推向了主流。is后是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导表语从句。故填what。
（7）考查状语从句。句意：尽管角色可能不会说话，但这并不意味着没有配音的参与。根据"a character may not talk，that doesn't mean a fair bit of voice acting isn't involved."可知，角色不说话不意味没有配音，前后是让步关系，用even if或even though引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Even though/Even if。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：1961年1月，52岁的布兰科在一场车祸中严重受伤，不得不在家里把麦克风挂在床上录音。with复合结构中，宾语"microphone"和"suspend"是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填suspended。
（9）考查代词。句意：如果没有那些为他们发声的人，我们都喜欢的角色就不会出现在公众视野中。who引导定语从句，前面却少先行词，指代给角色添加声音的人们，用those"那些人"符合题意。故填those。
（10）考查动词不定式。句意：现代许多知名或受欢迎的配音演员都要感谢布兰克，他们希望能达到布兰科无与伦比的专业水平，把无数的角色演绎得栩栩如生，这是其他人无法做到的。分析可知，此处应用不定式作后置定语修饰名词Blanc。故填to thank。
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了被称为"千声之人"的梅尔 布兰克为配音成为一门真正的艺术铺平了道路，尽管影视作品备受赞誉，这门技艺往往未能得到认可。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
33.【答案】The documentary has been widely praised since its first episode.
【解析】自播出第一集since its first episode为since引导的时间状语，episode（电视剧或广播剧的）集，为名词，且本句时态是现在完成时（have/has done）；该纪录片The documentary作主语，句首单词的首字母应大写；be widely praised广受好评，因为主语是第三人称单数，助动词应用has。
故填：The documentary has been widely praised since its first episode.
该纪录片自播出第一集后就广受好评。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
34.【答案】This bakery has been so popular recently that it is not uncommon to see Internet celebrities taking photos inside.
【解析】根据题干可知用固定搭配so…that…（如此……以至于……），"这家面包店最近挺火"译为this bakery has been so popular recently，"经常看到有网红在里面拍照"译为that it is not uncommon to see Internet celebrities taking photos inside。
故填：This bakery has been so popular recently that it is not uncommon to see Internet celebrities taking photos inside.
这家面包店最近挺火，经常看到有网红在里面拍照。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
35.【答案】The priority is to find the key to the problem and solutions，not to sit around feeling sorry for yourself.
【解析】根据题干可知用the priority作主语，表示"当务之急"，is是谓语，后接不定式作表语，"找到问题的关键和解决的对策"译为to find the key to the problem and solutions，"而不是坐在那儿自怨自艾"译为not to sit around feeling sorry for yourself。
故填：The priority is to find the key to the problem and solutions，not to sit around feeling sorry for yourself.
当务之急是找到问题的关键和解决的对策，而不是坐在那儿自怨自艾。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
36.【答案】Tai Chi，the treasure of traditional Chinese culture，features slow and gentle movements，which，however，can defeat the opponent with sudden strength.
【解析】根据句意可知本句描述客观事实，时态是一般现在时；主语是太极Tai Chi，中华民族传统文化之瑰宝可用名词短语the treasure of traditional Chinese culture作同位语；动词feature"以……为特色"作谓语，主语是第三人称单数，feature应用三单形式，其动作柔缓features slow and gentle movements；但能以突然爆发的力量将对手击退可用which引导的非限制性定语从句来表示，以突然爆发的力量with sudden strength，副词however表示转折。
故填：Tai Chi，the treasure of traditional Chinese culture，features slow and gentle movements，which，however，can defeat the opponent with sudden strength.
太极（Tai Chi）是中华民族传统文化之瑰宝，其动作柔缓，但能以突然爆发的力量将对手击退。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
37.【答案】Dear Jenny，
Words cannot express how sorry I am to hear that you can't balance among academic，extra-curricular activities and social life because you can not adapt to the busy school life，like worrying about schoolwork，and having no time to relax.Don't worry.I will offer you some tips.（分析她面临的主要问题）
First of all，I recommend that you have a balanced diet，which can give you more energy to study harder than before.【高分句型一】In addition，it would be of great benefit if you take an active part in some extra-curricular activities.That way，you can make new friends，which could make stress off your shoulder.【高分句型二】Last but not least，I suggest that you turn to your teachers for help since teachers' encouragement and study method will always lift you up.（提出相应的建议和理由）
I sincerely hope that you will find my suggestions practical and wish you get rid of those troubles as soon as possible.（希望）
Yours， Li Ping
【解析】高分句型一：First of all，I recommend that you have a balanced diet，which can give you more energy to study harder than before.
译文：首先，我建议你有一个均衡的饮食，这可以给你比以前更努力学习的能量。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的宾语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：That way，you can make new friends，which could make stress off your shoulder.
译文：这样，你就可以结交新朋友，这可能会减轻你的压力。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Plastic waste can cause great harm to both nature and our health.（塑料垃圾的危害） Banning single-use plastic，although well-intentioned，is not the best solution，because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money. 【高分句型一】（禁止使用一次性塑料不是好的解决方法）Besides，not only may the alternative materials not have the desirable properties，but also they can cause more harm to the environment. 【高分句型二】（替代材料可能造成更大的危害）
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料垃圾会对自然和我们的健康造成很大的危害。禁止使用一次性塑料，虽然是出于好意，但并不是最好的解决方案。替代材料可能没有理想的性能，并可能对环境造成更大的危害。
高分句型一：Banning single-use plastic，although well-intentioned，is not the best solution，because single-use plastic is widely used in food and medical industry to ensure safety and save money.
译文：禁止一次性塑料，尽管初衷是好的，但并不是最好的解决方案，因为一次性塑料在食品和医疗行业被广泛使用，以确保安全并节省资金。
分析：这句话使用了although引导的让步状语从句的省略句，because引导的原因状语从句。
高分句型二：Besides，not only may the alternative materials not have the desirable properties，but also they can cause more harm to the environment.
译文：此外，替代材料不仅可能不具有理想的性能，而且会对环境造成更大的危害。
分析：这句话使用了not only置于句首，后面接部分倒装。
概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
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