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阅读理解之观点态度题
概述
观点态度题是高考英语阅读常考的一种题型，也是考生很容易失分的一种题型。这种题型有时问作者对某事持什么态度，有时问他人对某事持什么态度。所以大家解答这类题型时，思维一定要清晰，要注意看这道题是说谁的态度，关于哪一个话题，在文章中是怎样表现的。
一、注意事项
1.根据文章主题句来判断。文章的中心思想与作者的观点态度是密切相关的，而文章的主题句又反映了文章的中心思想，因此，可通过文章的主题句来判断作者的观点态度。
2.注意不要将个人的好恶态度糅进题中，要学会分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。
3.要学会根据作者语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。注意句中带有感彩的副词：如wonderfully，successfully，unfortunately，doubtfully等。
4.一般来说，作者的态度不可能是漠不关心的，因此见到indifferent，uninterested通常可以排除。
5.作者的态度常常在转折词后表明出来，所以见到but就要提高警惕(还有类似的yet，however，although，nevertheless等)。
6.可以通过作者所举的例子，来判断文章作者的态度倾向。作者论证某观点时，给的例子是正面的，就可以判断作者的态度是积极乐观的；如果作者的论述有好有坏，举例有正面有反面，基本可以判断作者的态度是客观的。
二、感彩常用词归纳
1.表示贬义的常用词：negative，critical，ambiguous，disapproving，doubtful等。
2.表示褒义的常用词：positive，support，favorable，sympathetic，helpful，cautious，enthusiastic，admiring等。
3.表示中立的常用词：indifferent，neutral，objective等。
[示例1]
Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
30.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future
A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.
分析：根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。
[示例2]
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people,and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.
4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.”可知,作者对无人驾驶车是持积极支持的态度,故选B项。
课后练习（一）
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream,years away from materializing in the real world.Well,the future is apparently now.The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars,and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.California,it should be noted,isn’t leading the way panies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads.But however long it takes,the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities,for better or for worse,depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams,cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient,affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long,slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work,entertain themselves or sleep on the ride,which encourages urban spread.They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning,they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric,self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services,considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people,and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.
1.According to the author,attention should be paid to how driverless cars can 　　　.
A.help deal with transportation-related problems
B.provide better services to customers
C.cause damage to our environment
D.make some people lose jobs
2.As for driverless cars,what is the author’s major concern
A.Safety. B.Side effects. C.Affordability. D.Management.
3.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced.
4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.
参考答案：ADAB
课后练习（二）
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife,a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived,I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest,I might have been able to put it back,but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1
A.Efforts made in vain.
B.Getting injured in his work.
C.Feeling uncertain about his future.
D.Creatures forced out of their homes.
2.Why was the author called to Muttontown
A.To rescue a woman.
B.To take care of a woman.
C.To look at a baby owl.
D.To cure a young owl.
3.What made the chick calm down
A.A new nest.　　　　　　B.Some food. C.A recording. D.Its parents.
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
A.It’s unexpected. B.It’s beautiful. C.It’s humorous. D.It’s discouraging.
参考答案：ACAB
课后练习（三）
Spotify can tell if you’re sad.Here’s why that should scare you.Want to figure out if someone is a patient with a mental disability Ask them what their favorite song is.A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean were more likely to have trouble with mental disabilities than people who were into Dire Straits.
Over the past few years,Spotify has been improving the ability to analyze information to help businessmen target consumers with advertisements made specially for their needs.They conclude this from the sort of music you’re listening to,combined with where and when you’re listening to it,along with third-party data that might be available.
Now,to be clear,there’s nothing significantly illegal about what Spotify is doing with your information.I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads selling a culture struggle while you’re listening to music that suggests you might be in a terrible situation.However,I find it disappointing that our personal,private moments with music are increasingly being turned into information points and offered to advertisers.
You can see where this could go,can’t you As ad targeting gets even more accurate,businessmen will have the ability to target our feelings in potentially improper ways.According to one study,you are more likely to spend more on a product if you’re feeling sad.You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that.And on that note,I’m feeling a little down about all this.Head off to treat myself to something expensive.
1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To introduce a new song.
B.To draw readers’ attention.
C.To help more patients.
D.To promote a new medium.
2.Spotify improves its ability to analyze information to 　　　.
A.provide services for the government
B.work with shadowy consulting firms
C.get listeners’ personal information
D.help businessmen attract consumers
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards Spotify
A.Uncertain. B.Supportive. C.Positive. D.Dissatisfied.
4.Who is the text probably designed for
A.Internet users. B.Officials. C.Researchers. D.Managers.
参考答案：BDDA

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