资源简介

开封市2023届高三年级第三次模拟考试
英语
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，考生作答时，将客案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡)，在本试题卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：
1.本考试设试题卷和答题卡两部分，所有答题必须用2B铅笔涂(选择题)或用黑色签字笔写(非选择题)在答题卡上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答卷前，务必用黑色中性笔在答题卡正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。
3．考试时间120分钟。试卷满分150分。
第I卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When does the notice say the sports meet will begin
A.On April 12th.
B. On April 20th.
C. On April 22nd.
2.What will the woman probably do before eight
AVisit a friend.
B.See a doctor.
C. Go to a movie.
3.How does the woman feel about the man
A.Thankful.
B.Dissatisfied.
C.Proud.
4. Why does the woman look troubled
A.Because she has to leave her friend.
B.Because she doesn’t like living in the dorm.
C.Because she can’t manage to move house herself.
5.Where are the speakers
A.At a clothing store.
B.At the doctor’s.
C.At home.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至第7题。
6.Why is the man talking to the woman
A. To do a task for a program.
B.To sell book
C.To do a survey.
7.Who does the woman admire most
A.An actress.
B.A writer.
C.A dancer.
听第7段材料，回答第8至第9题。
8.How much will the man pay for the room per night
A.$50.
B.$62.
C.$75.
9.What does the man care about most
A. The telephone.
B.The television.
C.The Internet.
听第8段材料，回答第10至第12题。
10.What is the man doing
A.Telling the woman about a teacher.
B.Introducing a course to the woman.
C.Helping the woman with her homework.
11.What does the man like most about Dr.Miller
A.His patience.
B.His seriousness.
C.His understanding.
12. What can we learn from the conversation
AThe woman is going to take Dr.Miller’s class.
B. The man had a teacher like Dr. Miller before.
C.Dr.Miller has been teaching in England for 10 years.
听第9段材料，回答第13至第16题。
13.How much does the man have to pay to join the club
A. 1.50.
B. 2.
C. 5.
14. Why does Video Club hold a meeting
A. To send out a list of films.
B. To introduce films from abroad.
C. To collect information on popular films.
15.What films are most people interested in
A.British films.
B. American films.
C.Australian films.
16.How will the man get the form
A.From the club’s website.
B.By picking it up himself.
C.By post.
听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。
17. When does the speaker usually go to the health club
A.In the evening.
B.At noon.
C.In the morning.
18.What does the speaker have in the morning
A.A sandwich.
B.Some coffee.
C.A hamburger.
19. Where does the speaker have her lunch
A.In her office.
B.At her home.
C.In a restaurant.
20.What does the speaker usually do on Sunday evenings
A.Play soccer.
B.Play tennis.
C.Go swimming.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Pathway and River Cleanup is a yearly event involving thousands of volunteers who generously donate their time to help clean up Calgary.
The 2022 Pathway and River Cleanup will take place from September 9 to September 11,2022.
Volunteer Registration
To volunteer for the Pathway and River Cleanup, you must be:
* 12 years or older.
*Accompanied by a parent or guardian (if you’re between 12 and 17 years old).
*Able to commit to three hours of cleanup on one of the three event days.
You are encouraged to register as a group (minimum 10 people) with a designated leader. If you do not have a group, you can join a team led by Calgary Parks staff.
Volunteers may request a specific cleanup location at the time of registration. We will do our best to satisfy specific location requests. If you do not have a preferred cleanup location, one will be assigned to you.
Remember to register online. Registration in person is not accepted.
Group leaders
Each group must have a designated leader. New group leaders are required to attend a one-hour, online orientation session. Returning group leaders must attend the orientation session every three years but must complete yearly online training.
Group leaders will be responsible for:
*Conducting a group member orientation session before event day to provide safety training.
*Ensuring the safe and effective cleanup of the designated cleanup area. Risks will be minimized as much as possible. However, volunteers may come in contact with rocky shorelines, sharp items and illegal campsites.
If you have any questions about volunteering for the Pathway and River Cleanup, contact 311.
1. What can volunteers choose according to their preference
A. The way to register.
B. The cleanup locations.
C. The rewards for their efforts.
D. The length of their volunteering time.
2. What is required of new group leaders
A. Organizing a group of at most 10 people.
B. Joining a team led by Calgary Parks staff.
C. Taking part in a one-hour online training.
D. Working with returning group leaders for a year.
3. Which of the following is a duty of group leaders
A. Reporting illegal campsites to staff.
B. Giving group members safety training.
C. Mapping rocky shorelines ahead of time.
D. Cleanig up Sharpe items at locations in advance.
B
Throughout my childhood, I constantly dreamed of being an only child-having no one around to fight with, to share with, to grab the remote control away from me in the middle of a “big game.” But I have an elder sister, whom I have always called “Kicki,” instead of her real name Christie, because I used to have trouble pronouncing the “r” and “s”.
I started playing basketball in primary school. My dad was the coach of my team, and my mom kept score. So my sister, not old enough to stay home alone, was forced to come to all my games. I remember looking toward the stands for my mother’s approval and seeing my sister’s face, confused. It was obvious that she wasn’t excited, but she cheered along with the crowd anyway.
On the car ride home, my parents and I would relive the game. My sister sat in the back seat with me in silence, not knowing how or when to enter the conversation. Often, she would say, “Good game, Brad. ” I would smile and thank her but never took it seriously. She couldn’t possibly know whether I had played well or not.
It wasn’t until I reached high school that I realized how popular she was, and I was referred to as “Christie’s little brother. ” I played basketball in high school, and although Christie wasn’t forced to attend my games anymore, she still came to cheer me every week. In the last game of the last season, she came with a large group of friends. Printed on her shirt, in big bright red letters, were the words “BRAD’S SISTER. ” Suddenly I was embarrassed, not for her presence, but for my previous attitude to her praise.
Kicki left for college after that game. I finally have the remote control all to myself. However, watching TV alone has turned out to be boring. I went to visit her at college during a weekend, and as I stood outside her dorm, waiting for her to come out, a friend of hers whom I didn’t know walked past me and asked, “Hey, aren’t you Christie’s brother ” I smiled broadly and said proudly, “Yeah, I am. I’m Christie’s brother.”
4. How did Brad feel about being an only child when he was young
A. Boring.
B. Awesome.
C. Tough.
D. Awful.
5. Why did Christie go to Brad’s games when he was in primary school
A. She hoped to know more about Brad.
B. She was interested in basketball games.
C. She was too young to be left alone at home.
D. She wanted to spend more time with her family.
6. Why did Brad feel embarrassed according to the last but one paragraph
A. He treated Christie’s praise lightly before.
B. He forgot Christie’s presence at his last game.
C. He saw the big bright red letters on Christi’s shirt.
D. He received unwanted attention from Christie’s friends.
7. What can be inferred about Christie
A. She was proud of Brad.
B. She didn’t like watching TV.
C. She enjoyed Brad’s calling her Kicki.
D. She seldom went home during college.
C
Researchers from Texas A＆M University have developed a new bioremediation technology(生物整治技术)using plant-based material and fungi(真菌) that could clean up per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substance, also called “forever chemicals” or PFAS, are found in soil, water, and even human and animal blood and may be harmful to humans and other species. They are found just about everywhere, from food wrappers to clothing. These chemicals may affect the immune system and may cause liver damage. Extremely high exposures to PFAS may also be linked to cancer.
“PFAS do not degrade easily in the environment and are poisonous even in a very low concentration,” said Susie Dai, associate professor from Texas A&M. “They must be removed and destroyed to prevent human exposure and negative impacts on the ecosystem. PFAS are so stable and they can occur in water in a very low concentration and you have to concentrate them and then destroy them.”
The only way to actually get rid of these “forever chemicals” is by burning them, which is a long and expensive process. But Texas A&M researchers have found a new way to use a plant-based material that adsorbs the pollutants. As explained by ScienceDirect, adsorption is “The use of solids for removing substances from either gas or liquid.” The adsorbent material is then consumed by microbial fungi. The team recently published their findings for the process framework, which they call RAPIMER, in Nature.
“The plant’s cell wall material serves as a framework to adsorb the PFAS” Dai explained. “Then this material and the adsorbed chemical serve as food for a microbial fungus. Then it’s gone, and you don’t have the disposal problem.”
This sustainable PFAS clean-up system could be mass-produced for commercial use leading to a better way to remove these chemical pollutants from the environment. It could also come in handy as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers creating PFAS thresholds(阈值) to its water quality standards.
8. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A. PFAS’s existing forms.
B. PFAS’s doubtful origins.
C. PFAS’s potential dangers.
D. PFAS’s wide applications.
9. What did Susie Dai say about PFAS
A. They are unstable.
B. They degrade easily in the environment.
C. They survive longer in water than in the air.
D. They are poisonous even in a low concentration.
10. What happens after the plant-based material adsorbs the pollutants
A. The material gets eaten.
B. The material becomes solid.
C. The material falls into small pieces.
D. The material goes on to adsorb fungi.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards the plant-based material
A. Indifferent.
B. Worried.
C. Positive.
D. Reserved.
D
Recently, a big change quietly took place in agriculture. Yet neither drought nor frost is ever a concern for growers of plants currently grown inside large greenhouses. Vegetables are increasingly being grown indoors, using an advanced form of growing called controlled environment agriculture, a method that has the potential to help feed the planet, even while it threatens to further warm it.
Controlled environment agriculture has many advantages. Crops are not subject to unexpected extreme weather. Furthermore, these greenhouses can produce more food with fewer pesticides and less water. With computer-controlled temperatures and nutrients, the plants grow with less water and produce much higher yields. Above all, the produce can be bred for flavor, instead of for tolerance to heat, rain and long-distance transportation.
The carbon footprint of any given greenhouse tomato can vary quite a bit depending on energy sources, surrounding temperatures and natural light. But various studies have estimated that, on average, the production of a pound of tomatoes in an American or northern European greenhouse releases 3 to 3.5 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere. That is about 6 times the caron footprint of a field tomato, even taking into account the emissions from refrigerated trucks that often transport field vegetables hundreds or even thousands of miles to reach consumers. Greenhouses, by contrast, can be built near major population centers.
Nevertheless, in a rapidly warming world, should we be increasing agriculture’s contribution by moving some of it indoors “We have little choice,” say advocates. “With the global population expected to grow by 25 percent to nearly 10 billion people by 2050,food production will need to increase by 60 percent to 100 percent. With freshwater supplies and land suitable for farming decreasing, and droughts getting worse due to climate change, where will this additional food come from ”
12. What does the underlined part “a big change” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. The rapid increase of population.
B. The threatens of warming the planet.
C. The way to deal with natural disasters.
D. The tendency to grow vegetables indoors.
13. What does controlled environment agriculture mainly focus on
A. Making crops taste good.
B. Planting crops with less water.
C. Growing crops in extreme weather.
D. Transporting crops from a long distance.
14. What do we know about American greenhouse tomatoes
A. They are not high-yielding crops.
B. They are not really environmentally friendly.
C. They are grown far from population centers.
D. They are mainly exported to norther Europe.
15. Which of the following statements may the advocates agree with
A. Greenhouse planting is a necessary temporizing measure.
B. Greenhouse planting is tailored for small-population nations.
C. Greenhouse planting can help spread the idea of healthy eating.
D. Greenhouse planting should be stopped from warming the world.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Criticism hurts even when it’s constructive.____16____ Do you pretend you didn’t hear or do you argue back to defend yourself In fact, there are actually other ways of handling criticism! The next time someone gives you feedback, try doing the following things instead.
Don’t react immediately.
Getting angry can happen really fast. Sometimes all it takes is a misplaced word or the wrong one. While it’s normal to feel this way, try to cool off and stay calm.____17____After all, you don’t want to say something you’ll end up regretting later!
Assess the criticism.
Sometimes the best thing to do is to take a quick step back and assess the criticism: who said it and why ____18____Or are they just trying to be mean Taking a step back allows you to determine if perhaps the criticism has some real value, you hadn’t seen before or if it’s better to just brush off the comment.
Don’t take it personally.
Remember that sometimes people do things not to attack you personally, but to vent anger or frustration. So calm down and be as understanding as you can.____19____Meanwhile, let the other person know that their criticism was uncalled for.
____20____
If the criticism does actually have some truth to it, then the best thing to do is figure out how you can use it to improve. Get straight to the point and ask the person which part of your work they’d improve and how. That way you not only show you are interested in doing things better, but you are also involving the person who criticized you.
A. So how do you react
B. Use it to your advantage.
C. Polish your work carefully.
D. How about negative feedback catching us by surprise
E. Give yourself some time to process what you’ve heard before reacting.
F. Are they trying to help you, but did not communicate their point of view nicely
G. Choosing to take the right path is doing yourself a favor and not getting angry.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Many of us are lucky enough to have some degrees of choice over what we eat. When we open the fridge or browse the shelves of the local supermarket, there are a variety of options____21____to us. But are the____22____we make about our diet as free as we like to think What if there was something ____23____our own hunger influencing what we eat
Certainly, it appears we’re____24____ influenced by other people-especially those ____25____to us — when it comes to what we eat. Research has found that the closer and stronger two people’s ____26____, the more ____27____hey have over each other’s food choices. “A lot of our cues from face-to-face interactions are linked with who we’re with,” says Solveig Argeseanu, associate professor of global health and epidemiology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, US. “It’s more about the relationship and how ____28____myself with that person than other individuals. If I think the person I’m with is more ____29____or popular, I’ll tend to want to_____30_____them more.”
Our eating habits are also influenced by what we see. Scientists say we _____31_____ oozing (渗出) protein, a dribbling egg yolk, or bubbling mozzarella (马苏里拉奶酪), for example. “There is some evidence that, if you see pictures of food, that visual_____32_____can prompt you to feel a desire to eat,” says Suzanne Higgs, professor in the psychobiology of appetite at the University of Birmingham, UK. Although, she says, whether people _____33_____through on that desire is influenced by lots of other _____34_____, such as what food is available at the time.
Social media is one place where visual and social cues _____35_____. Undoubtedly there is (a/an)_____36_____ that if friends in your social network post_____37_____about particular types of food, it could lead you to_____38_____them, for better or for worse. And research_____39_____that social media might be changing our relationship with food, _____40_____us think differently about what we eat.
21. A. virtual B. generous C. available D. critical
22. A. mistakes B. decisions C. efforts D. friends
23. A. other than B. more than C. less than D. rather than
24. A. slightly B. hugely C. originally D. freshly
25. A. farthest B. largest C. longest D. closest
26. A. comfort B. commitment C. connection D. comment
27. A. impact B. fight C. quarrel D. track
28. A. escape B. force C. compare D. detect
29. A. casual B. attractive C. natural D. special
30. A. monitor B. fix C. guide D. imitate
31. A. favor B. hate C. envy D. object
32. A. innovation B. stimulation C. accumulation D. generation
33. A. break B. follow C. look D. drive
34. A. factors B. changes C. chances D. orders
35. A. realize B. predict C. meet D. understand
36. A. tendency B. fact C. experience D. evidence
37. A. randomly B. exactly C. virtually D. regularly
38. A. copy B. share C. challenge D. describe
39. A. inspires B. describes C. indicates D. limits
40. A. forcing B. helping C. believing D. making
第II卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s easy to get overwhelmed when you have a lot on your plate. Between work ____41____ (responsibility) and personal obligations, life can get stressful. It’s even____42____(stress)when you forget something important. By creating organized to-do lists, you can prioritize the things you need to do, keep track of____43____still needs to be completed, and feel productive and prepared in all areas of your life.
List all of the tasks that you need____44____(accomplish). These can range from “finish the presentation for work next week”____45____“find a present for Mom’s birthday next month". Then sort your master list into categories. By creating separate lists, you can____46____(complete)focus your attention and energy on one set of tasks at____47____time. Next, make your list aesthetically-pleasing (赏心悦目的)．This may sound superficial and ____48____(necessary)，but it really can help change the way you look at your to-o list.
Make your to-do lists for the current day only. Keep it simple! This will help you organize your tasks in order of priority, and you won’t feel overwhelmed while____49____(look) ahead at tasks for tomorrow, next week, or next month. Be realistic about what can _____50_____(finish) in 24 hours. Your daily to-do lists should have less than ten things, and maybe even less than five.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I’m more than willing to tell you anything about my hometown. I live in Pingyao, a county in Shanxi Province, what attracts a large number of tourists from all over the world in every year. The ancient city of Pingyao has described as an exceptional well-preserved example of a traditional Chinese historical and cultural city. Its well-preserved city walls are one of the city’s most impressive structure.
I hope you can come here one day. Then you can walk around a city, taste the local food, or learn about its history and culture. I’m sure you will be impressing by it and enjoy myself.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 4月3号至7号，你校举办了一场书籍义卖活动。假设你是校英文报的一名记者，请你以“A Charity Book Fair”为题，写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
1．活动的目的;
2．活动的时间、地点和内容;
3．活动的反响。
注意：
1．词数100左右;
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3．题目已你拟好。
A Charity Book Fair
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1—5 BABCA 6—10 CABCA 11—15 CACCB 16—20 BCBAB开封市2023届高三年级第三次模拟考试
英语
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，考生作答时，将客案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡)，在本试题卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：
1.本考试设试题卷和答题卡两部分，所有答题必须用2B铅笔涂(选择题)或用黑色签字笔写(非选择题)在答题卡上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答卷前，务必用黑色中性笔在答题卡正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。
3．考试时间120分钟。试卷满分150分。
第I卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When does the notice say the sports meet will begin
A.On April 12th.
B. On April 20th.
C. On April 22nd.
2.What will the woman probably do before eight
A.Visit a friend.
B.See a doctor.
C. Go to a movie.
3.How does the woman feel about the man
A.Thankful.
B.Dissatisfied.
C.Proud.
4. Why does the woman look troubled
A.Because she has to leave her friend.
B.Because she doesn’t like living in the dorm.
C.Because she can’t manage to move house herself.
5.Where are the speakers
A.At a clothing store.
B.At the doctor’s.
C.At home.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至第7题。
6.Why is the man talking to the woman
A. To do a task for a program.
B.To sell book
C.To do a survey.
7.Who does the woman admire most
A.An actress.
B.A writer.
C.A dancer.
听第7段材料，回答第8至第9题。
8.How much will the man pay for the room per night
A.$50.
B.$62.
C.$75.
9.What does the man care about most
A. The telephone.
B.The television.
C.The Internet.
听第8段材料，回答第10至第12题。
10.What is the man doing
A.Telling the woman about a teacher.
B.Introducing a course to the woman.
C.Helping the woman with her homework.
11.What does the man like most about Dr.Miller
A.His patience.
B.His seriousness.
C.His understanding.
12. What can we learn from the conversation
A.The woman is going to take Dr.Miller’s class.
B. The man had a teacher like Dr. Miller before.
C.Dr.Miller has been teaching in England for 10 years.
听第9段材料，回答第13至第16题。
13.How much does the man have to pay to join the club
A. 1.50.
B. 2.
C. 5.
14. Why does Video Club hold a meeting
A. To send out a list of films.
B. To introduce films from abroad.
C. To collect information on popular films.
15.What films are most people interested in
A.British films.
B. American films.
C.Australian films.
16.How will the man get the form
A.From the club’s website.
B.By picking it up himself.
C.By post.
听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。
17. When does the speaker usually go to the health club
A.In the evening.
B.At noon.
C.In the morning.
18.What does the speaker have in the morning
A.A sandwich.
B.Some coffee.
C.A hamburger.
19. Where does the speaker have her lunch
A.In her office.
B.At her home.
C.In a restaurant.
20.What does the speaker usually do on Sunday evenings
A.Play soccer.
B.Play tennis.
C.Go swimming.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Pathway and River Cleanup is a yearly event involving thousands of volunteers who generously donate their time to help clean up Calgary.
The 2022 Pathway and River Cleanup will take place from September 9 to September 11,2022.
Volunteer Registration
To volunteer for the Pathway and River Cleanup, you must be:
* 12 years or older.
*Accompanied by a parent or guardian (if you’re between 12 and 17 years old).
*Able to commit to three hours of cleanup on one of the three event days.
You are encouraged to register as a group (minimum 10 people) with a designated leader. If you do not have a group, you can join a team led by Calgary Parks staff.
Volunteers may request a specific cleanup location at the time of registration. We will do our best to satisfy specific location requests. If you do not have a preferred cleanup location, one will be assigned to you.
Remember to register online. Registration in person is not accepted.
Group leaders
Each group must have a designated leader. New group leaders are required to attend a one-hour, online orientation session. Returning group leaders must attend the orientation session every three years but must complete yearly online training.
Group leaders will be responsible for:
*Conducting a group member orientation session before event day to provide safety training.
*Ensuring the safe and effective cleanup of the designated cleanup area. Risks will be minimized as much as possible. However, volunteers may come in contact with rocky shorelines, sharp items and illegal campsites.
If you have any questions about volunteering for the Pathway and River Cleanup, contact 311.
1. What can volunteers choose according to their preference
A. The way to register.
B. The cleanup locations.
C. The rewards for their efforts.
D. The length of their volunteering time.
2. What is required of new group leaders
A. Organizing a group of at most 10 people.
B. Joining a team led by Calgary Parks staff.
C. Taking part in a one-hour online training.
D Working with returning group leaders for a year.
3. Which of the following is a duty of group leaders
A. Reporting illegal campsites to staff.
B Giving group members safety training.
C. Mapping rocky shorelines ahead of time.
D. Cleanig up Sharpe items at locations in advance.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇应用文。“道路和河流清理”是一项一年一度的活动，成千上万的志愿者慷慨地贡献自己的时间来帮助清理卡尔加里，文章介绍了注册成为2022年清理活动志愿者和小组领导的条件和要求。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Volunteer Registration”中的倒数第二段“Volunteers may request a specific cleanup location at the time of registration. We will do our best to satisfy specific location requests.”（志愿者可以在注册时要求一个特定的清理地点，我们将尽力满足特定地点的要求。）可知，志愿者可以根据自己的喜好来选择清理地点。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Group leaders”中的第一段“New group leaders are required to attend a one-hour, online orientation session. ”（新的小组领导需要参加一个小时的在线培训。）可知，新的小组领导被要求参加一小时的线上培训。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Group leaders”中的“Group leaders will be responsible for:”（小组领导将负责：）的第一条“Conducting a group member orientation session before event day to provide safety training.”（在活动开始前，为小组成员提供安全培训。）可知，给小组成员进行安全培训是小组领导的一个职责。故选B。
B
Throughout my childhood, I constantly dreamed of being an only child-having no one around to fight with, to share with, to grab the remote control away from me in the middle of a “big game.” But I have an elder sister, whom I have always called “Kicki,” instead of her real name Christie, because I used to have trouble pronouncing the “r” and “s”.
I started playing basketball in primary school. My dad was the coach of my team, and my mom kept score. So my sister, not old enough to stay home alone, was forced to come to all my games. I remember looking toward the stands for my mother’s approval and seeing my sister’s face, confused. It was obvious that she wasn’t excited, but she cheered along with the crowd anyway.
On the car ride home, my parents and I would relive the game. My sister sat in the back seat with me in silence, not knowing how or when to enter the conversation. Often, she would say, “Good game, Brad. ” I would smile and thank her but never took it seriously. She couldn’t possibly know whether I had played well or not.
It wasn’t until I reached high school that I realized how popular she was, and I was referred to as “Christie’s little brother. ” I played basketball in high school, and although Christie wasn’t forced to attend my games anymore, she still came to cheer me every week. In the last game of the last season, she came with a large group of friends. Printed on her shirt, in big bright red letters, were the words “BRAD’S SISTER. ” Suddenly I was embarrassed, not for her presence, but for my previous attitude to her praise.
Kicki left for college after that game. I finally have the remote control all to myself. However, watching TV alone has turned out to be boring. I went to visit her at college during a weekend, and as I stood outside her dorm, waiting for her to come out, a friend of hers whom I didn’t know walked past me and asked, “Hey, aren’t you Christie’s brother ” I smiled broadly and said proudly, “Yeah, I am. I’m Christie’s brother.”
4. How did Brad feel about being an only child when he was young
A. Boring.
B. Awesome.
C. Tough.
D. Awful.
5. Why did Christie go to Brad’s games when he was in primary school
A. She hoped to know more about Brad.
B. She was interested in basketball games.
C. She was too young to be left alone at home.
D. She wanted to spend more time with her family.
6. Why did Brad feel embarrassed according to the last but one paragraph
A. He treated Christie’s praise lightly before.
B. He forgot Christie’s presence at his last game.
C. He saw the big bright red letters on Christi’s shirt.
D. He received unwanted attention from Christie’s friends.
7. What can be inferred about Christie
A. She was proud of Brad.
B. She didn’t like watching TV.
C. She enjoyed Brad’s calling her Kicki.
D. She seldom went home during college.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对于有个姐姐，从小到大态度的转变。
【4题详解】
推理判断提。根据第一段中“Throughout my childhood, I constantly dreamed of being an only child-having no one around to fight with, to share with, to grab the remote control away from me in the middle of a “big game.” (在我的童年时代，我一直梦想着成为独生子，没有人在身边与我打架，分享我的东西，也没有人在 “大型游戏”中抢走我遥控器)”可知，作者小时候觉得做一个独生子很好，故选择B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“My dad was the coach of my team, and my mom kept score. So my sister, not old enough to stay home alone, was forced to come to all my games. (我爸爸是我球队的教练，我妈妈负责计分。所以我的姐姐，还不够大，不能独自呆在家里，被迫来参加我所有的比赛)”可知，姐姐来看我的比赛是因为太小还不能自己留在家里，故选择C项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Often, she would say, “Good game, Brad. ” I would smile and thank her but never took it seriously. She couldn’t possibly know whether I had played well or not.(她经常会说：“打得好，布拉德。”我会微笑着感谢她，但从来没有把它当回事。她不可能知道我打得好不好。)”以及倒数第二段中“Suddenly I was embarrassed, not for her presence, but for my previous attitude to her praise.(突然，我感到尴尬，不是因为她的出现，而是因为我之前对她的赞扬的态度。)”可知，作者感到尴尬是因为之前对于姐姐赞扬的没有看重，故选择A项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Printed on her shirt, in big bright red letters, were the words “BRAD’S SISTER. ”(她的衬衫上印着亮红色的大字，上面写着“布拉德的姐姐”)”可知，克里斯蒂为布拉德感到骄傲，故选择A项。
C
Researchers from Texas A＆M University have developed a new bioremediation technology(生物整治技术)using plant-based material and fungi(真菌) that could clean up per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substance, also called “forever chemicals” or PFAS, are found in soil, water, and even human and animal blood and may be harmful to humans and other species. They are found just about everywhere, from food wrappers to clothing. These chemicals may affect the immune system and may cause liver damage. Extremely high exposures to PFAS may also be linked to cancer.
“PFAS do not degrade easily in the environment and are poisonous even in a very low concentration,” said Susie Dai, associate professor from Texas A&M. “They must be removed and destroyed to prevent human exposure and negative impacts on the ecosystem. PFAS are so stable and they can occur in water in a very low concentration and you have to concentrate them and then destroy them.”
The only way to actually get rid of these “forever chemicals” is by burning them, which is a long and expensive process. But Texas A&M researchers have found a new way to use a plant-based material that adsorbs the pollutants. As explained by ScienceDirect, adsorption is “The use of solids for removing substances from either gas or liquid.” The adsorbent material is then consumed by microbial fungi. The team recently published their findings for the process framework, which they call RAPIMER, in Nature.
“The plant’s cell wall material serves as a framework to adsorb the PFAS,” Dai explained. “Then this material and the adsorbed chemical serve as food for a microbial fungus. Then it’s gone, and you don’t have the disposal problem.”
This sustainable PFAS clean-up system could be mass-produced for commercial use, leading to a better way to remove these chemical pollutants from the environment. It could also come in handy as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers creating PFAS thresholds(阈值) to its water quality standards.
8. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2
A. PFAS’s existing forms.
B. PFAS’s doubtful origins.
C. PFAS’s potential dangers.
D. PFAS’s wide applications.
9. What did Susie Dai say about PFAS
A. They are unstable.
B. They degrade easily in the environment.
C. They survive longer in water than in the air.
D. They are poisonous even in a low concentration.
10. What happens after the plant-based material adsorbs the pollutants
A. The material gets eaten.
B. The material becomes solid.
C. The material falls into small pieces.
D. The material goes on to adsorb fungi.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards the plant-based material
A. Indifferent.
B. Worried.
C. Positive.
D. Reserved.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，科研人员开发了一种新的生物整治技术，该技术使用植物性材料和真菌，可以清理全氟烷或多氟烷基物质。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substance, also called “forever chemicals” or PFAS, are found in soil, water, and even human and animal blood and may be harmful to humans and other species. They are found just about everywhere, from food wrappers to clothing. These chemicals may affect the immune system and may cause liver damage. Extremely high exposures to PFAS may also be linked to cancer.(全氟和多氟烷基物质，也被称为“永久化学品”或PFAS，存在于土壤、水，甚至人类和动物的血液中，可能对人类和其他物种有害。它们几乎无处不在，从食品包装到衣服。这些化学物质可能会影响免疫系统，并可能导致肝脏损伤。过高的PFAS暴露也可能与癌症有关。)”可知，第二段主要讲述的是PEAS潜在的危险。故选C。
9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段““PFAS do not degrade easily in the environment and are poisonous even in a very low concentration,” said Susie Dai, associate professor from Texas A&M.(德州农工大学副教授苏西·戴说：“PFAS在环境中不易降解，即使浓度很低也有毒。”)”可知，根据苏西认，PEAS即便浓度很低也会有毒。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““The plant’s cell wall material serves as a framework to adsorb the PFAS,” Dai explained. “Then this material and the adsorbed chemical serve as food for a microbial fungus. Then it’s gone, and you don’t have the disposal problem.”(戴解释说：“植物的细胞壁材料可以作为吸附PFAS的框架。然后这种材料和吸附的化学物质就成了微生物真菌的食物。然后它就消失了，你就没有处理问题了。”)”可知，这种植物性物质在吸附了PFAS后，这种材料和所吸附的化学物质就沦落为微生物真菌的食物，也就是被吃掉了。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This sustainable PFAS clean-up system could be mass-produced for commercial use, leading to a better way to remove these chemical pollutants from the environment. It could also come in handy as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers creating PFAS thresholds(阈值) to its water quality standards.( 这种可持续的PFAS清理系统可以大规模生产用于商业用途，从而为从环境中去除这些化学污染物提供更好的方法。当美国环境保护署考虑为其水质标准设定PFAS阈值时，它也会派上用场。)”可知，作者对于这种植物性材料的前景抱有积极的态度。故选C。
D
Recently, a big change quietly took place in agriculture. Yet neither drought nor frost is ever a concern for growers of plants currently grown inside large greenhouses. Vegetables are increasingly being grown indoors, using an advanced form of growing called controlled environment agriculture, a method that has the potential to help feed the planet, even while it threatens to further warm it.
Controlled environment agriculture has many advantages. Crops are not subject to unexpected extreme weather. Furthermore, these greenhouses can produce more food with fewer pesticides and less water. With computer-controlled temperatures and nutrients, the plants grow with less water and produce much higher yields. Above all, the produce can be bred for flavor, instead of for tolerance to heat, rain and long-distance transportation.
The carbon footprint of any given greenhouse tomato can vary quite a bit depending on energy sources, surrounding temperatures and natural light. But various studies have estimated that, on average, the production of a pound of tomatoes in an American or northern European greenhouse releases 3 to 3.5 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere. That is about 6 times the caron footprint of a field tomato, even taking into account the emissions from refrigerated trucks that often transport field vegetables hundreds or even thousands of miles to reach consumers. Greenhouses, by contrast, can be built near major population centers.
Nevertheless, in a rapidly warming world, should we be increasing agriculture’s contribution by moving some of it indoors “We have little choice,” say advocates. “With the global population expected to grow by 25 percent to nearly 10 billion people by 2050,food production will need to increase by 60 percent to 100 percent. With freshwater supplies and land suitable for farming decreasing, and droughts getting worse due to climate change, where will this additional food come from ”
12. What does the underlined part “a big change” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. The rapid increase of population.
B. The threatens of warming the planet.
C. The way to deal with natural disasters.
D. The tendency to grow vegetables indoors.
13. What does controlled environment agriculture mainly focus on
A. Making crops taste good.
B. Planting crops with less water.
C. Growing crops in extreme weather.
D. Transporting crops from a long distance.
14. What do we know about American greenhouse tomatoes
A. They are not high-yielding crops.
B. They are not really environmentally friendly.
C. They are grown far from population centers.
D. They are mainly exported to norther Europe.
15. Which of the following statements may the advocates agree with
A. Greenhouse planting is a necessary temporizing measure.
B. Greenhouse planting is tailored for small-population nations.
C. Greenhouse planting can help spread the idea of healthy eating.
D. Greenhouse planting should be stopped from warming the world.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的农业种植方式——控制环境农业方式，该方法有可能帮助养活地球上的人们，尽管它可能会进一步使地球变暖。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词组下文“Yet neither drought nor frost is ever a concern for growers of plants currently grown inside large greenhouses. Vegetables are increasingly being grown indoors, using an advanced form of growing called controlled environment agriculture, a method that has the potential to help feed the planet, even while it threatens to further warm it.(然而，对于目前在大型温室里种植的植物的种植者来说，干旱和霜冻从来都不是问题。越来越多的人在室内种植蔬菜，使用一种被称为控制环境农业的先进种植方式，这种方法有可能帮助养活地球，尽管它可能会进一步使地球变暖。)”可知，作者所谓的农业发生了重大变化，指的是越来越多的人在室内种植蔬菜。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Above all, the produce can be bred for flavor, instead of for tolerance to heat, rain and long-distance transportation.(最重要的是，培育这种农产品是为了风味，而不是为了耐热、耐雨和长途运输。)”可知，这种种植方式的焦点是为了农产品的风味，也就是为了让这些农产品尝起来更好。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But various studies have estimated that, on average, the production of a pound of tomatoes in an American or northern European greenhouse releases 3 to 3.5 pounds of carbon into the atmosphere. That is about 6 times the carbon footprint of a field tomato, even taking into account the emissions from refrigerated trucks that often transport field vegetables hundreds or even thousands of miles to reach consumers.(但各种研究估计，在美国或北欧的温室中，平均每生产一磅西红柿，就会向大气中释放3到3.5磅的碳。这大约是田间番茄碳足迹的6倍，甚至考虑到经常将田间蔬菜运输数百甚至数千英里到达消费者手中的冷藏车的排放量。)”可知，在温室培育西红柿所排放的碳要远比在田间培育西红柿多得多，也就是说它们根本不环保。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nevertheless, in a rapidly warming world, should we be increasing agriculture’s contribution by moving some of it indoors “We have little choice,” say advocates. “With the global population expected to grow by 25 percent to nearly 10 billion people by 2050,food production will need to increase by 60 percent to 100 percent. With freshwater supplies and land suitable for farming decreasing, and droughts getting worse due to climate change, where will this additional food come from ”(然而，在一个迅速变暖的世界里，我们是否应该通过将一些农业转移到室内来增加农业的贡献？“我们别无选择，”支持者说。“到2050年，全球人口预计将增长25%，达到近100亿人，粮食产量将需要增加60%到100%。随着淡水供应和适合耕种的土地减少，以及气候变化导致的干旱日益严重，这些额外的食物从哪里来？”)”可知，支持这种种植方式的人认为，即便这种种植方式会排放温室气体，但是为了地球上的人们，这种种植方式是必要的权宜之计。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Criticism hurts even when it’s constructive.____16____ Do you pretend you didn’t hear or do you argue back to defend yourself In fact, there are actually other ways of handling criticism! The next time someone gives you feedback, try doing the following things instead.
Don’t react immediately.
Getting angry can happen really fast. Sometimes all it takes is a misplaced word or the wrong one. While it’s normal to feel this way, try to cool off and stay calm.____17____After all, you don’t want to say something you’ll end up regretting later!
Assess the criticism.
Sometimes the best thing to do is to take a quick step back and assess the criticism: who said it and why ____18____Or are they just trying to be mean Taking a step back allows you to determine if perhaps the criticism has some real value, you hadn’t seen before or if it’s better to just brush off the comment.
Don’t take it personally.
Remember that sometimes people do things not to attack you personally, but to vent anger or frustration. So calm down and be as understanding as you can.____19____Meanwhile, let the other person know that their criticism was uncalled for.
____20____
If the criticism does actually have some truth to it, then the best thing to do is figure out how you can use it to improve. Get straight to the point and ask the person which part of your work they’d improve and how. That way you not only show you are interested in doing things better, but you are also involving the person who criticized you.
A. So how do you react
B. Use it to your advantage.
C. Polish your work carefully.
D. How about negative feedback catching us by surprise
E. Give yourself some time to process what you’ve heard before reacting.
F. Are they trying to help you, but did not communicate their point of view nicely
G. Choosing to take the right path is doing yourself a favor and not getting angry.
【答案】16. A 17. E 18. F 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些好的方法帮助你更好地处理批评。
【16题详解】
根据空后内容“Do you pretend you didn’t hear or do you argue back to defend yourself (你是假装没听见还是反驳为自己辩护？)”可知，下文提到的是面对批评的时候，你会有何反应。选项A“So how do you react (那么你的反应是什么？)”引出下文的答句，与下文内容保持一致。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“While it’s normal to feel this way, try to cool off and stay calm.(虽然这种感觉很正常，但试着冷静下来，保持冷静。)”可知，作者建议当生气的时候我们要试着冷静下来。选项E“Give yourself some time to process what you’ve heard before reacting.(在做出反应之前，给自己一些时间来消化所听到的内容。)”与上文内容保持一致，同时引出下文“After all, you don’t want to say something you’ll end up regretting later!(毕竟，你不想说一些你以后会后悔的话吧！)”，因为只有给自己一些时间来消化所听到的内容才能让自己不会说出后悔的话。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“who said it and why (是谁说的，为什么？)”以及下文“Or are they just trying to be mean (或者他们只是想变得刻薄？)”可知，上下文都是和批评相关，围绕评判进行的评估和提问。选项F“Are they trying to help you, but did not communicate their point of view nicely (他们是否试图帮助你，但没有很好地表达他们的观点？)”也是提问，同时也和批评相关，符合上下文主要内容。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空前内容“Remember that sometimes people do things not to attack you personally, but to vent anger or frustration. So calm down and be as understanding as you can.(记住，有时候人们做一些事情并不是针对你个人，而是为了发泄愤怒或沮丧。所以冷静下来，尽可能地理解。)”可知，作者建议我们当被批评的时候，要冷静下来尽可能去理解对方。选项G“Choosing to take the right path is doing yourself a favor and not getting angry.(选择走正确的道路就是帮自己一个忙，不要生气。)”与上文内容一致，都是建议我们要选择不生气，冷静。故选G。
【20题详解】
空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据下文“If the criticism does actually have some truth to it, then the best thing to do is figure out how you can use it to improve. Get straight to the point and ask the person which part of your work they’d improve and how. That way you not only show you are interested in doing things better, but you are also involving the person who criticized you.(如果批评确实有些道理，那么最好的办法就是找出如何利用它来改进。开门见山地问面试官你工作的哪一部分需要改进，以及如何改进。这样一来，你不仅表现出你有兴趣把事情做得更好，而且还能让批评你的人参与进来。)”可知，作者建议我们，当批评确实有道理的时候，我们可以选择利用批评找到提升自己的方式，所以本段的主要内容就是利用批评。选项B“Use it to your advantage.(充分利用它使它对你有利。)”符合本段内容。故选B。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Many of us are lucky enough to have some degrees of choice over what we eat. When we open the fridge or browse the shelves of the local supermarket, there are a variety of options____21____to us. But are the____22____we make about our diet as free as we like to think What if there was something ____23____our own hunger influencing what we eat
Certainly, it appears we’re____24____ influenced by other people-especially those ____25____to us — when it comes to what we eat. Research has found that the closer and stronger two people’s ____26____, the more ____27____hey have over each other’s food choices. “A lot of our cues from face-to-face interactions are linked with who we’re with,” says Solveig Argeseanu, associate professor of global health and epidemiology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, US. “It’s more about the relationship and how ____28____myself with that person than other individuals. If I think the person I’m with is more ____29____or popular, I’ll tend to want to_____30_____them more.”
Our eating habits are also influenced by what we see. Scientists say we _____31_____ oozing (渗出) protein, a dribbling egg yolk, or bubbling mozzarella (马苏里拉奶酪), for example. “There is some evidence that, if you see pictures of food, that visual_____32_____can prompt you to feel a desire to eat,” says Suzanne Higgs, professor in the psychobiology of appetite at the University of Birmingham, UK. Although, she says, whether people _____33_____through on that desire is influenced by lots of other _____34_____, such as what food is available at the time.
Social media is one place where visual and social cues _____35_____. Undoubtedly there is (a/an)_____36_____ that if friends in your social network post_____37_____about particular types of food, it could lead you to_____38_____them, for better or for worse. And research_____39_____that social media might be changing our relationship with food, _____40_____us think differently about what we eat.
21. A. virtual B. generous C. available D. critical
22. A. mistakes B. decisions C. efforts D. friends
23. A. other than B. more than C. less than D. rather than
24. A. slightly B. hugely C. originally D. freshly
25. A. farthest B. largest C. longest D. closest
26. A. comfort B. commitment C. connection D. comment
27. A. impact B. fight C. quarrel D. track
28. A. escape B. force C. compare D. detect
29. A. casual B. attractive C. natural D. special
30. A. monitor B. fix C. guide D. imitate
31. A. favor B. hate C. envy D. object
32. A. innovation B. stimulation C. accumulation D. generation
33. A. break B. follow C. look D. drive
34. A. factors B. changes C. chances D. orders
35. A. realize B. predict C. meet D. understand
36. A. tendency B. fact C. experience D. evidence
37. A. randomly B. exactly C. virtually D. regularly
38. A. copy B. share C. challenge D. describe
39. A. inspires B. describes C. indicates D. limits
40. A. forcing B. helping C. believing D. making
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今我们貌似对饮食的选择很自由，但是，其实还有一些因素影响着我们的饮食。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们打开冰箱或逛着当地超市的货架时，有各种各样的选择可供我们选择。A. virtual虚拟的；B. generous慷慨的；C. available可获得的；D. critical批评的。根据上文“Many of us are lucky enough to have some degrees of choice over what we eat.”可知，我们非常幸运，有很多食物可以获得。由此可以推断，当我们打开冰箱或者逛着超市时，有很多选择。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们对饮食的决定真的像我们想象的那样自由吗？A. mistakes错误；B. decisions决定；C. efforts努力；D. friends朋友。根据上文“Many of us are lucky enough to have some degrees of choice over what we eat. When we open the fridge or browse the shelves of the local supermarket, there are a variety of options____1____to us.”可知，我们非常幸运，有很多食物可以选择。根据“choice”以及“option”可以判断，空处指的是我们所做的选择或决定。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果除了我们自身的饥饿感，还有其他因素影响着我们的饮食呢？A. other than除了；B. more than不仅仅；C. less than少于；D. rather than而不是。根据空后的“our own hunger influencing what we eat”以及下文提到的影响我们饮食的因素可知，空处指的是“除了”我们自身的饥饿感。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，当涉及到我们吃什么时，我们似乎受到了其他人——尤其是我们最亲近的人——的巨大影响。A. slightly轻微地；B. hugely巨大地；C. originally起初；D. freshly新近。根据下文“Research has found that the closer and stronger two people’s ____6____, the more ____7____hey have over each other’s food choices.”可知，在饮食方面，我们会受到最亲近的人的巨大影响。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，当涉及到我们吃什么时，我们似乎受到了其他人——尤其是我们最亲近的人——的巨大影响。A. farthest最远的；B. largest最大的；C. longest最长的；D. closest最亲近的。根据下文“Research has found that the closer and stronger two people’s ____6____, the more ____7____hey have over each other’s food choices.”可知，专家认为两个人关系越亲密，对彼此的影响越大。由此判断，我们是受到了最亲近的人的影响。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，两个人的联系越紧密，他们对彼此食物选择的影响就越大。A. comfort舒适；B. commitment承诺；C. connection联系；D. comment评论。根据下文“It’s more about the relationship and how ____8____myself with that person than other individuals.”可知，研究人员认为两个人的关系越亲密，则对彼此食物选择的影响就越大。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，两个人的联系越紧密，他们对彼此食物选择的影响就越大。A. impact影响；B. fight打斗；C. quarrel吵架；D. track踪迹。根据上一句“Certainly, it appears we’re____4____ influenced by other people-especially those ____5____to us-when it comes to what we eat.”可知，研究人员认为我们对食物的选择受到了最亲密的人的影响。由此推断，两个人的联系越紧密，对彼此食物的选择影响就越大。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这更多的是关于关系，以及如何将自己与那个人而不是其他人进行比较。A. escape逃避；B. force强迫；C. compare比较；D. detect发觉。根据下一句“If I think the person I’m with is more ____9____or popular, I’ll tend to want to____10___them more.”可知，我们之所以受到亲密的人的影响，是因为我们会将自己和亲密的人作比较。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我认为和我在一起的人更有吸引力或更受欢迎，我就会更想模仿他们。A. casual随意的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. natural自然的；D. special特别的。根据空后的“or”可知，空处单词和“popular”相类似，指的是那个人更受欢迎更好。选项中只有选项B有类似意思，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我认为和我在一起的人更有吸引力或更受欢迎，我就会更想模仿他们。A. monitor监控；B. fix修理；C. guide指导；D. imitate效仿。根据上一句可知，我们会下意识的将自己和与自己关系亲密的人相比较；再根据本段内容可知，我们对饮食的选择会受到身边亲密的人的影响。由此判断，当我们身边的人更受欢迎时，我们会去模仿这个人。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家说，我们喜欢渗出的蛋白质、滴落的蛋黄或冒泡的马苏里拉奶酪。A. favor偏爱、喜欢；B. hate讨厌；C. envy嫉妒；D. object反对。根据下文“There is some evidence that, if you see pictures of food, that visual____12____can prompt you to feel a desire to eat”可知，我们会喜欢视觉上看上去诱人的食物。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国伯明翰大学食欲心理生物学教授苏珊娜·希格斯说：“有证据表明，如果你看到食物的图片，视觉刺激会促使你产生吃东西的欲望。”A. innovation创新；B. stimulation刺激；C. accumulation积累；D. generation代。根据上一句“Scientists say we ____11____ oozing(渗出) protein, a dribbling egg yolk, or bubbling mozzarella(马苏里拉奶酪), for example.”中的“oozing、dribbling、bubbling”可知，这些都是视觉上带来的感官上的刺激。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，她说，人们是否会追随这个欲望受到许多其他因素的影响，比如当时有什么食物。A. break打破；B. follow追随；C. look看；D. drive驾驶。根据上文可知，我们对事物的选择还会受到视觉的影响。上文提到视觉上诱人的食物会让你有选择这些食物的欲望。再根据下文“such as what food is available at the time.”可知，我们能不能选择这些食物还要看有没有这些食物。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，她说，人们是否会追随这个欲望受到许多其他因素的影响，比如当时有什么食物。A. factor因素；B. changes变化；C. chances机会；D. orders命令。根据下文“such as what food is available at the time.”可知，这些都是影响食物选择的因素。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体是视觉和社交线索交汇的地方。A. realize意识到；B. predict预测；C. meet遇到；D. understand理解。根据下文“Undoubtedly there is (a/an)____16____ that if friends in your social network post____17____about particular types of food, it could lead you to____18____them, for better or for worse.”可知，人们可以在社交媒体上晒出自己喜欢的食物，所以社交媒体是视觉和社交交汇的地方。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，有证据表明，如果你的社交网络中的朋友经常发布特定类型的食物，这可能会导致你模仿他们，无论是好是坏。A. tendency倾向；B. fact事实；C. experience经验、经历；D. evidence证据。根据下文“And research__19__that social media might be changing our relationship with food, ____20____us think differently about what we eat.”可知，这些结论都是研究结果，所以这些结论都是有证据的。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，有证据表明，如果你的社交网络中的朋友经常发布特定类型的食物，这可能会导致你模仿他们，无论是好是坏。A. randomly任意地；B. exactly确切地；C. virtually实际上；D. regularly定期地、经常地。根据常理推测，只有朋友经常性地晒特定的食物，你才会被影响。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，有证据表明，如果你的社交网络中的朋友经常发布特定类型的食物，这可能会导致你模仿他们，无论是好是坏。A. copy复制；B. share分享；C. challenge挑战；D. describe描述。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是影响我们选择食物的因素。再根据上文“If I think the person I’m with is more ____9____or popular, I’ll tend to want to____10____them more.”可知，如果你的朋友经常发布特定类型的食物，你就会模仿你的朋友。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，社交媒体可能正在改变我们与食物的关系，让我们对自己吃的东西有不同的看法。A. inspires激励；B. describes描述；C. indicates表明；D. limits限制。根据主语“research”及空后“social media might be changing our relationship with food, ____20____us think differently about what we eat.”可知，此处是“研究表明”。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，社交媒体可能正在改变我们与食物的关系，让我们对自己吃的东西有不同的看法。A. forcing强迫；B. helping帮助；C. believing相信；D. making导致。根据主句“social media might be changing our relationship with food”可知，正是主句“社交媒体可能正在改变我们与食物的关系”才导致我们“对自己吃的东西有不同的看法”。由此判断，是主句内容导致我们会对食物有不同看法。故选D。
第II卷
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s easy to get overwhelmed when you have a lot on your plate. Between work ____41____ (responsibility) and personal obligations, life can get stressful. It’s even____42____(stress)when you forget something important. By creating organized to-do lists, you can prioritize the things you need to do, keep track of____43____still needs to be completed, and feel productive and prepared in all areas of your life.
List all of the tasks that you need____44____(accomplish). These can range from “finish the presentation for work next week”____45____“find a present for Mom’s birthday next month". Then sort your master list into categories. By creating separate lists, you can____46____(complete)focus your attention and energy on one set of tasks at____47____time. Next, make your list aesthetically-pleasing (赏心悦目的)．This may sound superficial and ____48____(necessary)，but it really can help change the way you look at your to-o list.
Make your to-do lists for the current day only. Keep it simple! This will help you organize your tasks in order of priority, and you won’t feel overwhelmed while____49____(look) ahead at tasks for tomorrow, next week, or next month. Be realistic about what can _____50_____(finish) in 24 hours. Your daily to-do lists should have less than ten things, and maybe even less than five.
【答案】41. responsibilities
42. more stressful
43. what 44. to accomplish
45. to pletely
47. a 48. unnecessary
49. looking
50. be finished
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当你有很多事情要做的时候，你很容易不知所措。文章介绍了处理这种境况的方法措施。
【41题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在工作责任和个人义务之间，生活可能会变得有压力。responsibility为可数名词，根据and后面的obligations可知，此处用名词复数，responsibility的复数是responsibilities。故填responsibilities。
【42题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：当你忘记重要的事情时，压力会更大。副词even修饰比较级，加强语气，所给词stress是名词，其形容词是stressful，形容词的比较级是more stressful。故填more stressful。
【43题详解】
考查宾语从句引导词。句意：通过创建有组织的待办事项清单，你可以优先考虑你需要做的事情，跟踪还需要完成的事情，并在生活的各个方面感到高效和准备。介词of后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词和主语，所填词其双重作用，连接代词what符合句意。故填what。
【44题详解】
考查动词不定式作宾语。句意：列出所有你需要完成的任务。动词need后面跟动词不定式作宾语。故填to accomplish。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：可以是“下周完成工作报告”，也可以是“下个月给妈妈买生日礼物”。固定搭配：range from…to…，意为“从……到……变动，从……到……范围”。故填to。
【46题详解】
考查副词。句意：通过创建单独的清单，你可以一次将注意力和精力完全集中在一组任务上。情态动词can后跟动词原形，所以focus是动词，由副词修饰，所给词complete是形容词，其副词是completely。故填completely。
【47题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：通过创建单独的清单，你可以一次将注意力和精力完全集中在一组任务上。固定短语：at a time，意为“一次，每次”。故填a。
【48题详解】
考查形容词作表语。句意：这可能听起来肤浅和不必要，但它确实可以帮助改变你看待待办事项清单的方式。句中sound是连系动词，后跟形容词作表语，结合句意应用necessary的否定前缀unnecessary。故填unnecessary。
【49题详解】
考查现在分词作状语。句意：这将帮助你按照优先顺序组织你的任务，当你展望明天、下周或下个月的任务时，你不会感到不知所措。句子主语you和动词look之间是主动关系，是现在分词作时间状语。故填looking。
【50题详解】
考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：对24小时内能完成的事情要现实一点。该句含what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语，和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态，情态动词can已经给出。故填be finished。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I’m more than willing to tell you anything about my hometown. I live in Pingyao, a county in Shanxi Province, what attracts a large number of tourists from all over the world in every year. The ancient city of Pingyao has described as an exceptional well-preserved example of a traditional Chinese historical and cultural city. Its well-preserved city walls are one of the city’s most impressive structure.
I hope you can come here one day. Then you can walk around a city, taste the local food, or learn about its history and culture. I’m sure you will be impressing by it and enjoy myself.
【答案】1. anything→ something
2. what→ which
3.去掉every year 前的in
4. described前加been或者has→ is
5. exceptional → exceptionally
6. structure→ structures
7. a→ the
8 or→ and
9. impressing→ impressed
10. myself→ yourself
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了作者的家乡——山西省平遥县，介绍了家乡的特色。
【详解】1. 考查代词。句意：我非常愿意告诉你一些关于我家乡的事。根据句意可知，作者想要告知对方一些关于家乡的事情，所以用something而不是anything。故将anything改为something。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：我住在山西省平遥县，那里每年都吸引着来自世界各地的大量游客。这里为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为Pingyao，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故将what改为which。
3. 考查介词。句意：我住在山西省平遥县，那里每年都吸引着来自世界各地的大量游客。every year担当时间状语时，其前不需要用介词。故去掉every year前的in。
4. 考查时态和语态。句意：平遥古城被描述为保存非常完好的中国传统历史文化名城。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时或现在完成时；主语为“the ancient city of Pingyao”，单数，和动词describe之间为被动关系。故在described前加been或将has改为is。
5. 考查副词。句意：平遥古城被描述为保存非常完好的中国传统历史文化名城。此处修饰形容词well-preserved，用副词形式，作状语。故将exceptional改为exceptionally。
6. 考查名词复数。句意：它保存完好的城墙是这座城市最令人印象深刻的建筑之一。One +of +the+名词的复数，意为“……之一”。故将structure改为structures。
7. 考查冠词。句意：然后你可以在城市里走走，品尝当地的食物，了解它的历史和文化。此处修饰可数名词单数city，表示特指，用定冠词the。故将a改为the。
8. 考查连词。句意：然后你可以在城市里走走，品尝当地的食物，了解它的历史和文化。考查连词，三个动词短语“walk around a city”、“taste the local food”和“learn about its history and culture”之间为并列关系，不存在选择关系，用并列连词and。故将or改为and。
9. 考查动词语态。句意：我相信你会对它印象深刻，玩得很开心。这里为谓语动词，主语you和动词impress之间为被动关系，所以be动词后用过去分词形式。故将impressing改为impressed。
10. 考查代词。句意：我相信你会对它印象深刻，玩得很开心。根据从句主语you可知，这里指的是“你会玩得开心”，用yourself而不是myself。故将myself改为yourself。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 4月3号至7号，你校举办了一场书籍义卖活动。假设你是校英文报的一名记者，请你以“A Charity Book Fair”为题，写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
1．活动的目的;
2．活动的时间、地点和内容;
3．活动的反响。
注意：
1．词数100左右;
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3．题目已为你拟好。
A Charity Book Fair
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
A Charity Book Fair
To collect money for children with disabilities, our school organized a charity book fair from April 3 to April 7, every afternoon from 5 to 8 at the students’ hall.
Before the event, the principal delivered an inspiring speech calling on students to actively participate in this public welfare activity. Then, the students responded passionately. Some volunteered to donate a lot of books. And others boosted the morale of these helpful students by visiting the book fair and buying the books they are interested in.
The activity was highly spoken of. Not only did it provide a chance for the students to pay less for the books they desired, but it also allowed them to contribute to children with disabilities.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。4月3号至7号，你校举办了一场书籍义卖活动。假设你是校英文报的一名记者，请你以“A Charity Book Fair”为题，写一篇新闻报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累
筹集：collect→raise
演讲：speech→lecture
参加：participate in→take part in
回答：respond→reply
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Before the event, the principal delivered an inspiring speech calling on students to actively participate in this public welfare activity.
拓展句：Before the event, the principal delivered an inspiring speech, which called on students to actively participate in this public welfare activity.
【点睛】[高分句型1] To collect money for children with disabilities, our school organized a charity book fair from April 3 to April 7, every afternoon from 5 to 8 at the students’ hall. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] Not only did it provide a chance for the students to pay less for the books they desired, but it also allowed them to contribute to children with disabilities. (运用了部分倒装)
听力答案：1—5 BABCA 6—10 CABCA 11—15 CACCB 16—20 BCBAB

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