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2023年初中英语语法学习之非谓语动词用法与高频考点
非谓语动词用法
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1）不定式
时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　
一般式　　　　to do　　　　　 to be done
完成式　　　 to have done　　to have been done
2）动名词
时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　
一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done
完成式　　　　having done　　having been done
3）分词
时态\语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　
一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done
完成式　　　　having done　　having been done　 　　
否定形式： not +不定式，　not + 动名词，　not + 现在分词
非谓语动词的作用
　　非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
　　1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
　　To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）
　　学会一门外语是很难的。
　　It’s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）
　　很容易见到他们的姑姑。
　　Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）
　　汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。
　　His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）
　　他的愿望是当一名司机。
　　I have nothing to say.（作定语）
　　我没有什么可说的。
　　The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）
　　老师让我们做早操。
　　They went to see their aunt. （目的状语）
　　他们去见他们的姑姑。
　　2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
　　Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）
　　学英语非常困难。
　　I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）
　　我喜欢跳舞。
　　I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）
　　我已经习惯了住农村。
　　His job is driving a bus.（作表语）
　　他的工作是开车。
　　3. 现在分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
　　The story is interesting.
　　这个故事有趣。
　　He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）
　　他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
　　The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）
　　这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
　　He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）
　　他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
　　4. 过去分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。
　　He is interested in the news.（作表语）
　　他对这则消息很感兴趣。
　　polluted river（做定语）
　　被污染的河流
　　Given more time，I can do my work better.（做状语）
　　如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。
　　I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）
　　我发现我的手表被偷了。
I like diving very much.
我十分喜欢跳水这项运动。
动名词diving作宾语，用来表达跳水运动这一概念，不含有本人是否会跳水这一含义。
I dont like their arguing about it with such people.
我反感他们为了那件事与那样一些人大吵大闹。
动名词短语their arguing作宾语，用来表达过去发生过的事情。
2)remember， forget
You must remember to get in touch with the local guide when you get there.
你们一定要记住到那以后与当地导游取得联系。
不定式短语to get in touch with作宾语，用来表示未来即将发生的动作。
I remember telling them about it once.
我记得曾经跟他们说过这件事。
动名词短语telling them作宾语，用来表达过去发生过的事情。
Ill never forget having worked there with farmers for nearly a month.
我永远也忘不了与农民在那里工作了近一个月的日日夜夜。
动名词短语having worked there作宾语，用来强调过去发生过并延续一段时间的事情。
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义
　　1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
　　例:The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
　　2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
　　例:The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
　　3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

　　例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
　　试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
　　4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
　　这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
　　例:This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
　　5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
　　例:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
　　6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
　　例:There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。)
　　7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例: Who is to blame for starting the fire
【解题技巧】
　　语法填空中
　　一、判断出括号里是动词
　　二、判断所在句已经有谓语动词
　　三、如果不是词性转换，考虑填非谓语动词
　　1）to do 表示目的 翻译“为了，去做”
　　2）doing表示进行、主动
　　3）done 表示完成、被动
　　单句语法填空(高考)
　　A 组
　　【考点一】be adj. to do
　　1. They are easy____(care) for and make great presents.
　　2. Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ____(perform) consistently over a large area.
　　3. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ____ (bring) your work home.
　　4.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ____(cool) the house during the hot day.
　　【考点二】be done to do
　　1.They are required ____(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
　　【考点三】介词+doing
　　1. Scientists have responded by ____(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to .......
　　2. A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ____(be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
　　3. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____(die) early by running.
　　4. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ____(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
　　5. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “ air condition ” a house without ____(use) electric equipment .
　　6. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ____(be) late for school.
　　【考点四】, + doing表伴随
　　1. On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ____ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
　　2. This included digging up the road, ____(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
　　3. People probably cooked their rood in large pots, ____(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.
　　【考点五】n.+doing表主动
　　1.They represent the earth ____(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
　　2.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
　　3.When we got a call ____(say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
　　4.Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ____(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
　　【考点六】v./while/when+doing
　　1. China’s approach to protecting its environment while ____(feed) its citizens.......
　　2. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
　　3. But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ____(rest).
　　4. My ambassadorial duties will include ____(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
　　5. Still, the boy kept ____(ride).
　　【考点七】v./短语+to do
　　1.Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ____(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
　　2.Once his message was delivered, he allowed me____ (stay)and watch.
　　3. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants ____(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.......
　　4.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused____ (stop) until we reached the next stop.
　　【考点八】n.+done表被动
　　1. They make great gifts and you see them many times ____(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
　　2. I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
　3.The adobe dwellings(土坯房) ____(build) by the pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
　　【考点九】to do表目的
　　1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 ____(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
　　2. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ____(find) the well-known painter.
　　3.On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ____ (get)there.
　　4. You don't have to run fast or for long____(see)the benefit.
　　5.The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____(improve) water quality.
　　6.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ____(create)special designs.
　　7.It took years of work____ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
　　短文改错
　　【考点一】doing-done互换
　　1.(2020全国卷I)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.
　　【考点二】to do不定式原形
　　1.My mom told me how to preparing it.
　　2.I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things, we may become ill.
　　3.Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
　　4.As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.
　　5.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious.
　　6.When summer comes, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables.
　　【考点三】, doing
　　1.All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
　　2.Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
　　【考点四】介词+doing
　　1.If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
　　2.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
　　3.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
　　4.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.

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