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2023年初中英语定语从句专项知识点总结汇总与高频考点
　　定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
　　被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
　　关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
　　关系副词有：when, where, why, how。
　　关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
　　定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
　　定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
　　1
　　关系代词引导的定语从句
　　1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you
　　(who/that在从句中作主语)
　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
　　(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
　　2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换).
　　例如：
　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
　　3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等.
　　例如：
　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
　　(which / that在句中作宾语)
　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
　　(which / that在句中作宾语)
　　关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
　　不用that的情况：
　　a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
　　(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
　　b) 介词后不能用
　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.
　　c) 多用who 的情况
　　①关系代词在从句中做主语
　　A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
　　②先行词为those, people 时
　　Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
　　③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时
　　One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
　　④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
　　⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
　　A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
　　⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
　　The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
　　There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
　　只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
　　a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
　　All that is needed is a supply of oil.
　　Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
　　b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。
　　He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
　　c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
　　The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.
　　d)先行词既有人，又有物时。
　　He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
　　e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。
　　Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
　　f)关系代词在从句中做表语
　　He is not the man that he used to be.
　　3
　　关系副词引导的定语从句
　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
　　关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用.
　　例如：
　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer
　　I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
　　注意：
　　①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。
　　如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
　　②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。
　　Is this the book which (that) she was looking for
　　3
　　名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句
　　She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
　　There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
　　There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
　　4
　　as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别
　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
　　as可引导非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思。
　　As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
　　用法区别：
　　(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
　　As we all know, he never smokes.
　　(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
　　(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
　　She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
　　(4)As 的用法 the same as; such as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和 一样 。
　　I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
　　We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
高频考点定语从句
　　例4．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.
　　A．who B．which
　　C．when D．where
　　【答案】B
　　【解析】考查分隔式定语从句。句意：上周我从图书馆借了本《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》，这是我同学推荐给我看的书。先行词为the book Sherlock Holmes，把先行词代入定语从句后为my classmates recommended the book Sherlock Holmes to me，由此可知先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故定语从句用which引导。
　　【举一反三】We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year.
　　A．which B．where
　　C．when D．what
　　【答案】A
　　【解析】考查分隔式定语从句。句意：我们将在一个月之内完成年初设定的销售目标。先行词为the sales targets，把先行词代入定语从句后为“we set the sales targets at the beginning of the year”，先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。此题易误选C项，把a month当作了先行词，when引导定语从句时，先行词虽为表示时间的词，但在从句中要作状语，而题干中从句缺少的是宾语，由此可排除C项。
　　【变式探究】Recently I have bought an iPad on the website of ，________the price is very reasonable.
　　A．on which B．in which
　　C．of which D．from which
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】句意：我最近在淘宝网买了一个iPad，它的价格非常合理。of表示所属关系，意为“……的”。of which the price＝the price of which＝whose price。
　　1. We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
　　A．which　　　　　　　 B．what
　　C．when D．that
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为an age，空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。
　　2.We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
　　A．which　　　　　　　 B．what
　　C．when D．that
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为an age，空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。
　　1.Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
　　A. whom B. that
　　C. whose D. her
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
2.Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
　　A. that B. where
　　C. which D. when
　　【答案】B
　　【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
　　3.She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
　　A. which B. who C. as D. that
　　【答案】A
　　【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
　　1．The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
　　A. that B. as C. where D. when
　　【答案】A
　　【解析】A. that 那个 B. as 因为 C. where 哪里 D. when什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
　　2．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
　　A.which B.it’s C.whose D.whom
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句，关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作purpose的定语。which,whom在定语从句中不能作定语，it’s不能引导定语从句，故选C。
　　3．In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ____________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
　　A. which B. its C. whose D. whom
　　【答案】 C
　　【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是＂the World Food Programme＂，＂世界粮食项目＂的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。
　　4．28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
　　A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
　　5． In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
　　A. which B. its C. whose D. whom
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是定语从句，先行词是the World Food Programme，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
　　6． In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
　　A. which B. its C. whose D. whom
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
　　7． In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ____________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
　　A. which B. its C. whose D. whom
　　【答案】C
　　【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是＂the World Food Programme＂，＂世界粮食项目＂的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。

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