资源简介

Topeng Dance History
印度尼西亚面具舞独特历史
Topeng dance(印度尼西亚面具舞)is a type of storytelling or drama dance from Indonesia accompanied with music. Dancers wear masks and bright costumes(戏服)that represent characters in the play.
Topeng dance appeared in the 15th century. It originated from tribal(部落的)dances held in the honor of ancestors, where dancers with masks were playing roles of messengers of gods. In the beginning, popular themes of Topeng dance were nature and ancestral spirits. Later themes became wider, including the adventures, important historic moments, etc.
Topeng dance is usually performed at odalan, a temple anniversary celebration. It begins with characters not related to the story on the stage, all wearing masks. Then, main characters of noble(贵族)background wearing masks turn up. Their masks cover their whole faces and they do not talk at all. They express their characters and story only through the dance and movement. All the storytelling is done by characters of servants and ordinary people that wear half-masks that do not cover the mouth so they could talk. They are each telling their view of the story and lead the audience through it. Besides the main, strictly defined story, dancers make jokes and gossip for laughter.
Why do performers wear masks when dancing Masks are the one that define a character. Characters of noble backgrounds wear beautiful white or golden masks. They do not talk all through the performance. Characters of others wear masks of ordinary characters, animals or gods. Strong characters have masks painted in red. Shapes of masks are defined by different local traditions. For example, masks in Central Java are triangular in shape.
In the Topeng dance, the whole play is played by four to five actors that play all characters, even the female ones. One actor plays many roles in one play with different masks. An actor can have about 40 Topeng masks that are only his. It is believed that there is a special kind of bond between the actor and his mask that allows him to bring new life to it. It is also believed that when the actor puts his mask on, he is connected to the spirit.
（选自Wikipedia）
1. The underlined pronoun “They” in paragraph three refers to ______
A. characters of noble background
B. characters of servants and ordinary people
C. the director of the Topeng dance
D. some major messengers of gods
2. A character of noble background in Topeng dance often wears ______
A. masks that cover half of his face, which enables him to talk
B. white or golden masks that cover his whole face
C. red masks with special shapes defined by different local traditions
D. colorful masks featuring ordinary characters, animals or gods
3. Which of the following statements about Topeng dance is true
A. Nowadays, Topeng dances are often performed in honor of ancestors.
B. Topeng dance performers related to the story turn up first on the stage.
C. Based on masks, the audience can basically know the identity of a character.
D. In Topeng dance, each character belongs to a fixed performer.
译文：
印尼面具舞是一种伴随着音乐的印尼讲故事或戏剧舞。舞者戴着口罩和鲜艳的戏服来代表戏中的人物。
托彭舞出现在15世纪。它起源于为纪念祖先而举行的部落舞蹈，戴着面具的舞者扮演着神的使者的角色。最初，托彭舞的流行主题是自然和祖先精神。后来的主题变得更加广泛，包括冒险，重要的历史时刻等。
Topeng舞蹈通常在寺庙周年庆典odalan进行。它始于与舞台上的故事无关的人物，都戴着面具。然后，贵族背景戴着口罩的主要人物出现了。他们的面具遮住了他们的整个脸，他们根本不说话。他们仅通过跳舞和运动来表达自己的角色和故事。所有的故事讲述都是由仆人和普通人的角色完成的，他们戴着不遮住嘴巴的半口罩，使他们可以说话。他们每个人都在讲述他们对故事的看法，并引导观众进行讲述。除了严格定义的主要故事外，舞者还开玩笑和八卦来欢笑。
为什么表演者跳舞时戴口罩？面具是定义角色的面具。高贵背景的人物戴着漂亮的白色或金色面具。他们不会在表演中全力以赴。他人的角色戴着普通角色，动物或神灵的面具。强势人物的面具涂成红色。面具的形状由不同的当 地传统定义。例如，中爪哇省的面具是三角形的。
在托彭舞中，整部戏是由四到五个演员扮演的，他们扮演着所有角色，甚至是女性角色。一位演员在一部戏中使用不同的面具扮演许多角色。一个演员最多只能有40个Topeng面具。可以相信，演员和他的面具之间有一种特殊的联系，可以使他重新焕发生命。人们还相信，当演员戴上面具时，他就与精神相连。
答案及解析：
■ 1. B
判断推理题，考查做出判断和推理
解析：
通过阅读上下文来确定文中代词的指代对象。在前一句话All the storytelling is done by characters of servants and ordinary people … 中即可找到相应答案。
■ 2. B
细节题，考查文中具体信息
解析：
文章第三段交代，贵族表演者的面具覆盖全脸（Their masks cover their whole faces）。倒数第二段还交代，贵族表演者的面具是白色或金黄色的（Characters of noble backgrounds wear beautiful white or golden masks）。由此确定，B选项正确。
■ 3. C
细节题，考查文中具体信息
解析：
文章倒数第二段开头交代，面具可以确定演员（Masks are the one that define a character.）。后文也详细介绍了不同角色的面具特点。由此判断，C选项（观众基于面具可以基本知道演员的身份）表述正确。

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