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7B 冠词和介词
Part I：Grammar
冠词
冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，只能放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。a/an成为不定冠词；the为定冠词；另外有些特殊场合不用冠词，即通常所指的零冠词。
I. 不定冠词
不定冠词a和an表示“一个”，和可数名词单数连用。
a用于读以辅音音素开头的名词前，
an用于读音以元音因素开头的名词前。
不定冠词的具体用法如下：
用于单数可数名词之前，表示人或事物的类别。
用于初次提到某人或某物，但不具体说明哪个人或哪个物。
用于表示数量“一”，意思和one差不多，但不如one强烈。
用于表示时间、速度等意义的名词前，相当于every或per，意为“每一”。
用于“a+抽象名词或某些被具体化的物质名词”的结构中，表示“一次、一场、一顿、一件等”。
表示“某一个”，译为汉语时仍为“一个”。
用于序数词前，表示“再一”“又一”，相当于another。
当breakfast，lunch，dinner前面有形容词修饰时，其前通常加a，表示“一顿……的早饭、午饭或晚饭”。
用语习惯用语或固定短语中。
许多 过得愉快
一对 匆忙
从前 一点儿
注意：元音因素不等同于元音字母。
① 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词用an。
② 拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词用a。
③ 在26个英文字母中 这12个字母的读音是以元音开头的, 其余字母的读音则是以辅音开头的。
过关练习：
( )1. Leap is __________ film on the Chinese women’s national volleyball team. __________ film is directed by Peter Ho-sun Chan.
A. a; A B. a; The C. the; The D. the; A
( )2. It’s __________ pity that many wild animals are now in danger. Please have __________ pity on them since they are part of our big family.
A. a; / B. a; a C. /; a D. /; /
( )3. If you want to take __________ short ride in the city, choose __________ shared bike.
A. a; / B. the; the C. a; a D. /; a
( )4. Yancheng, __________ energetic city, has set up trade relations with lots of countries and areas.
A. a B. an C. the D./
( )5.—I’m thirsty, Mom.
—Here is __________ bottle of water for you.
A. a B.an C. the D./
( )6. Tom wants to study at __________ university in Europe, but hasn’t decided which one to go to yet.
A. an B. a C. the D.不填
( )7. I have __________ dog. His mane is Floppy.
A. a B.an C. the D./
( )8. —Jimmy, are you the only child in your family
—No, I have __________ active sister.
A. a B.an C. the D./
( )9.—Is that __________ post office
—No, it’s __________ old library.
A. the; a B. a; an C.an; a D.an; the
( )10. Steve lives in __________ European country, and he teaches in __________ university there.
A.an; a B.an; the C. a; a D. a; an
( )11. Hurry up! The concert will begin in __________ minute.
A. a B. an C. the D./
( )12. Linda, __________ eleven-year-old girl, is such __________ honest student that we all like her.
A.an; an B./; an C. a; an D. the; an
( )13.—Kate, are you the only child in your family
—Yes, but __________ new baby is on the way.
A. a B. an C. the D./
( )14.—The year 2020 is __________ unusual one. A new kind of virus is spreading around the world.
—The fight against the virus is like __________ race against time.
A. a; the B.an; the C.an; a D. a; an
( )15. According to the report, most students in China take __________ active part in after-school activities.
A./ B.an C. the D. a
( )16. —Can you remember when the drama series All Is Well became so popular
—Well, I only remember it was on __________ Saturday that all my friends started to be crazy about it.
A.an B. the C. a D./
( )17. —Could you tell me something about Swizerland
—Oh, it is __________ European country with __________ beautiful environment.
A.an; a B.an; the C. a; a D. a; the
定冠词
定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有“这（那）个”之意，但语气比this，that弱，表示某个或某些特定的人或物。可用于下列场合：
用于指某个或某些特定的人或物。
用于表示上文已经提到的人或物。
用于指双方都知道的人或物。
用于世界上独一无二的事物前。
用于序数词之前。
用于形容词或副词的最高级前，但副词最高级前可省略。在含有比较级的句子中，表示两者中“较……的一个”时，需要加定冠词the。
用在复数姓氏前面表示一家人或夫妇二人。
与某些形容词连用，表示一类人。
用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或物。
用于play之后，乐器类名词的前面。
用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
用于方位名词前。
用于店铺名词前。
在裁缝店 在理发店 在面包房
用于江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛等地理事物的名称前。
用于固定短语中。
①用在某些表示时间的短语或习惯用语中。
in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在晚上
②用在固定结构“动词+人+介词+the+身体部位”中。
抓住他的胳膊 抓住她的手
定冠词顺口溜定冠词
过关练习：
( )1. In 2016, __________ China set April 24 as __________ country’s Space Day.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the
( )2. —Amy, do you know Lang Lang and his wife
—Of course. They play __________ piano well.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
( )3. —Look at __________ boy over there. He looks excited.
—Yeah, he has won __________ first prize in the school English Reading & Writing Competition.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a
( )4. Hawking, one of __________ most famous scientists, passed away in March.
A. a B.an C. the D. 不填
( )5. Every evening my daughter plays __________ piano for an hour.
A. the B. a C./ D.an
( )6.—Dong Guijun is __________ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
—He is __________ pride of us.
A. the; / B. a; the C. the; the D. a; /
( )7.—Have you read a book called The Merchant of Venice
—Yes. __________ book is very interesting.
A. An B.A C. The D./
( )8. Look! There are so many stars in ___________ sky.
A. a B.an C. the D./
( )9.—Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday
—OK. Let’s add it to __________ weekend plan.
A. a B.an C. the D./
( )10. Christine is selling her house, but on ___________ hand she doesn’t want to move.
A. a B. an C. the D./
( )11. Yancheng is a beautiful city that lies in __________ east of China.
A. a B. an C. the D./
( )12. Don’t worry. Jack is so smart that he can answer __________ question __________.
A. a; easy B. a; easily C. the; easily D. the; easily
( )13. Green Book is one of __________ most famous films in the US, even in __________ world.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the; the
III. 零冠词
特殊场合下不用冠词即成为零冠词。下面是零冠词的具体用法：
名词前已经有作定语用的物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或所有格修饰时。
名词复数表示某一类人或事物时。
在球类、棋类、语言、学科和三餐的名词前。
在表示洲名、国名、人名的名词前。
当不可数名词表示一般概念或类别时。
在节日、季节、星期、月份等名词前。
在由一个人充当的称呼、头衔前，表示自己家庭成员的名词或称谓前。
在部分市政设施（包括街道、公园、学校、车站前）。
一些抽象的不可数名词前。
在“by+交通工具”结构中，by与交通工具之间。
在一些习惯用语中。
一天又一天 面对面
日日夜夜 是非
背靠背
零冠词顺口溜：
过关练习：
( )1. Tom likes playing __________ football very much.
A. / B. an C. the D. a
( )2. To save time, many students have __________ lunch at school at school every day.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
( )3. Among all traditional Chinese arts, Nancy likes ________ Beijing Opera best because it is really _______ fun.
A./; a B./; / C. the; a D. the; /
( )4. I think playing __________ football is a good way to learn the spirit of teamwork.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )5. We should have __________ breakfast every day to keep healthy.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
易混易错
1. 有些短语中用冠词和不用冠词的意义不同。
go to school go to the school
go to bed go to the bed
at table at the table
at school at the school
in class in the class
in future in the future
in front of in the front of
by sea by the sea
2. 有些短语中用不定冠词和定冠词的意义不同。
a number of “许多”，相当于 ，修饰 ；所修饰的名词做主语时，谓语动词用 形式。
the number of “……的数目，……的数量”；所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用 。
过关练习：
( )1. Look, __________ fatter of the two boys over there is my new friend. He is __________ university student.
A./; a B. the; an C. /; an D. the; a
( )2. Huai’an is a beautiful place and __________ place is worth __________ visit.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a
( )3.—Have you seen __________ mobile phone my aunt bought for me I put it on the table just now.
—Is it __________ pink one
A. a; a B. the; a C. /; the D. a; the
( )4.—Mike, how was __________ camping
—The other campers were nice, and we had __________ fun time together.
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. a; the
( )5. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that __________ people from all walks of life(各行各业) are working hard for __________ new Jiangsu.
A. /; a B. /; the C. the; a D. the; the
( )6.—May is __________ beautiful month full of sunshine and flowers. How nice!
—Yes, it is also __________ month when we show thanks to our mothers on Mother’s Day.
A. the; a B. the; / C. a; the D. /; the
( )7. As __________ volunteer at the Beijing Expo 2019(园艺博览会), Lu Ming understands _________ idea of green life better than before.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; an D. the; the
( )8.—Have you seen __________ film A Dog’s Purpose
—Yes, it’s quite __________ interesting film full of love. I want to see it again.
A. a; an B. the; the C. a; the D. the; an
( )9. __________ young in our village are now living ________ much more comfortable life than we did.
A.A; 不填 B. The; the C.A; a D. The; a
( )10. Zanco, _________ American tech company, made _________ tiniest phone in the world —Tiny 11.
A. the; a B.an; / C./; a D.an; the
( )11. Earth is ________ only home to everyone. Let’s try to make it __________ greener world to live in.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the
( )12. As Hannah Lucas had a disease, she and her brother Charile made __________ app called not OK to let her get help from __________ others when she wasn’t feeling well.
A. the; the B. a; the C.an; 不填 D. the; 不填
( )13.—There is a chess match between a Korean player and __________ AlphaGo.
—It’s very amazing. Playing chess is usually __________ one-to-one game.
A./; a B. the; a C./; an D.an; an
( )14. __________ more beautiful Taizhou was shown to the world in __________ fourth “Micro Film Us” micro film competition.
A. The; a B. A; a C. A; the D. /; the
( )15. Canola flowers(油菜花) have formed __________ beautiful “golden sea” in China. They are attracting thousands of tourists in __________ Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province.
A. a; a B. the; a C. a; / D. a; the
( )16. I can’ tell you __________ way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have __________ Wilson here in the village.
A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /
( )17. Jack is __________ eight-year-old boy and he goes to school on __________ foot every day.
A.an; the B. a; 不填 C. an; 不填 D. a; the
( )18. Edward and William are brothers. There is __________ uncommon similarity between __________ two boys.
A.an; 不填 B. an; the C. a; 不填 D. a; the
介词：
I.介词的作用
介词不能在句中独立充当一个成分，而要和名词等构成介词短语，介词短语在句中可作地点状语、表语、定语等。
The plane is flying above the clouds.（ ）
A cat is in / inside the basket.（ ）
Please read the words below the picture.（ ）
II. 介词总结：
方位介词 含义 注意
at / in
on
above
below
over
under
in front of
behind
in the front of
at the back of
inside
outside
beside
between
opposite
across
past
in the middle of
on the left of / on the right of
注意：
① on the tree/ in the tree, on the wall/ in the wall的区分
② Look! Two boys are rowing a boat on the lake.
在河上 在足球场上 坐在长椅上
③ in, on, to表示方位
◆A be in the north of B. 。A在B的范围之 。
◆A be on the north of B. 。AB两地 。
◆A be to the north of B.＝ 可以省略 。 。AB两地 。
④ 图示几个易混淆介词
过关练习：
一、用适当的介词填空。
1. Tommy sits in front of Tony. Tony sits ________ Tommy.
2. It’s cold today. The temperature (温度) will fall ________ zero at night.
3. Millie sits ________ Sandy and Lucy. Sandy is ________ the right.
4. The air conditioner (空调) is ________ the study desk.
5. It’s raining outside. You’d better stay ________ the room.
6. We usually put our volleyballs ________ our chairs after we have PE lessons.
7. There is a bridge ______ the river and there are many boats ________ the river.
8. I live with my family ________ a flat ________ a busy street.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. Go ______ the street and then you’ll see the library at the end of the street.
A. under B. along C. above D. across
( ) 2. We can see the teacher’s desk ______ the classroom.
A. before B. after C. in front of D. in the front of
( ) 3. He lives on the 2nd floor, I live on the 6th. So I live 4 floors ______ him.
A. above B. below C. over D. on
( ) 4. ---Can you hear the bird singing ---Yes, the bird is singing ______ the tree.
A. on B. in C. with D. about
( ) 5. ---Will you get there by ______ bus ---No, I’ll ride ______ bike.
A. /; a B. a; the C. /; / D. the; a
( ) 6. It's very hot today. The temperature (温度) may be _______ 30℃.
A. on B. above C. at D. under
( ) 7. There is an old bridge _______ the river. Be careful (小心) when you _______ it.
A. over; across B. over; cross C. on; cross D. on; across
( ) 8. Shanghai is _______ the east of China and _______ the west of Japan.
A. to; in B on; to C. at; beside D. in; to
( ) 9. There is an old bridge __________the river. Be careful (小心) when you __________ it.
A. over; across B. over; cross C. on; cross D. on; across
( ) 10. Turn right 3rd street, and you’ll see the police station.
A. in B. on C. into D. for
( ) 13. To get to my school from my home, I need to walk a tunnel.
A. across B. cross C. over D. through
综合练习
一、单项选择
( )1.They want their daughter to go to ____ university, but they also want her to get ___ summer job.
A.不填；a B. the; a C.an; a D. a; the
( )2. ----Mum, can I play with my pet cat for a moment now
----You can’t do it _________ you finish your homework.
A. because B. after C. if D. until
( )3.______ the zoo, you should _______ the road.
A. To get to; across B. To get to; cross C. Get to; cross D. Get to; across
( ) 4. Which is the People’s Hospital 、
A. the way to B. the way C. the way go to D. the right way to get
( ) 5.Shanghai is ________ east of China and ________ north of Guangdong.
A. in the; 不填 B. 不填; to the C. in the; on the D. to the; on the
( ) 6. I tried to make the baby__________by jumping around like a monkey, but it didn’t work.
A.to stop to cry B. to stop crying C. stop to cry D. stop crying
( ) 7. The police____________the whole house but didn’t find any clues(线索).
A. looked for B. found C. found out D. searched
( )8. In winter, it’s good for you to sleep _________ your windows closed.
A. for B. and C. with D. but
( )9. He smells the flowers________because the flowers smell____.
A. happy; nice B. happily; nicely C. happy; nicely D. happily; nice
( )10. Each of us should write________report before Saturday.
A. an eight-thousand-word B. eight thousand words
C .an eight- thousands-words D. a eight-thousand-words
( )11.Hangzhou is famous the capital of Zhejiang its West Lake.
A.as; as B. for; as C.as; for D. for; for
( )12. fathers can’t go to the parents’ meeting because they are so busy.
A. Linda’s and Jim B. Linda and Jim
C. Linda and Jim’s D. Linda’s and Jim’s
( )13. It is raining outside. Why not an umbrella with you
A. to take B. take C. taking D. takes
( )14. I can't find shoe. Where is it？
A. other B. another C. the other D. the others
( )15. I like going to town my bicycle.
A. by B. at C. on D. before
( )16.It’s a good school________.
A. to study B. to study in it C. to study in D. studying in
( )17. It Peter's bag. yours is in your desk.
A. may be; Maybe B. may be; May be
C. maybe; Maybe D. maybe; May be
( )18. car in front of the bookshop is .
A. The; Green's B. A; the Green's
C. The; the Greens' D. /; the Greens'
( )19.—Is Tom at home these days
—Yes. I'm sure he is because I always hear him in his home.
A. sing B. is singing C. sings D. to sing
( )20. Tom to go far if he some help. Our house is next to his.
A. doesn't need; need B. needn't; needs
C. doesn't need; needs D. needn't; need
( )21. Let’s go to the cinema,________
A. shall we B. will you C. are you D. do you
( )22．—Who teaches _______ English 　—_______．
A. he，No one B. him，No one C. he，None D. him，None
( )23. —Why not go to the theatre tonight — .
A. It doesn't matter. B. Thank you.
C. Sorry to hear that D. Sounds great!
二、单词拼写
1.Do I need to take the (地铁) to the cinema
2. We are looking forward to （饲养）Some cute pet dogs.
3. My father has a car so he usually （开车）me to school.
4. —What time is it , Mum
—Hurry up, or you'll the train to Nanjing.
5. Why don’t you visit our local (剧院)with us
6. The boys are playing over there. Are these bags
7. There is a stamp of the Great Wall on this (明信片).
8．We must take the _______ (生病的)boy to hospital.
9. You should eat more (新鲜的）fruit and vegetables to keep fit.
10.What______do you need to buy —Nothing.
动词填空
1. The trousers are not Melinda's. Hers (be) always clean and tidy.
2. The students in Class 1 (plan) a visit to the Palace Museum these days.
3. Do you often see Peter (read) English in the morning
4. I hope my family (own) a large house next year. So I can have my own bedroom.
5. What about (try) some American food in the restaurant
6. Jimmy (not go)to the cinema this evening because he has lots of homework to do.
7. Would you please (find) my shoes I can't find them.
8. You need to learn how (use) your new computer.
9. Why not (try) on the green shirt It's nice on you.
10. Thanks for going walking with us and (give) us so much help.
四、翻译句子
1.我们镇有许多有趣的事情可做。
2.学生们应该更多地了解中国的历史(history)。
3.我姐姐的一位朋友将领我参观她的公司。
4.我们正期待着和你分享快乐的时光。
5.春天是农民种小麦的最佳季节。
五、阅读理解
To travel around the world is the dream of many young people. But very few people can pay for a tour because hotels, food and airplane tickets are too expensive. Some people, however, think of some ways to realize (实现) their dreams.
Laura Cody and Tanbay Theune, a couple (夫妇) from Britain, decided to travel around the world. They find a good way to pay for their trips. They look after pets for rich house owners. In exchange, they
can stay in the houses for free. In two years, the couple went to Australia, Germany, Spain and Italy. They stayed in big cities and small villages. The home owners are usually very generous and gave them food, wine and day trips.
Another person who tries to realize her travel dream is photographer Rhiannon Taylor. She travels around the world to visit, take photos of the best hotels. She shares the places she stays and the food she eats on the Internet with thousands of followers. With these ways of making money, traveling around the world is no longer a dream. More and more young people are thinking creatively to make their dream come true.
( )1. Why do most people feel hard to make their travel dream come true
A. Because they can’t find hotels. B. Because the food is not healthy.
C. Because the cost of travel is high. D. Because they are afraid of adventure. (冒险)
( )2. It is known from the passage that Laura and Tanbay paid for their trips by ______.
A. staying in the house for free B. selling food and day drinks
C. going to Australia and other countries D. looking after pets for rich house owners
( )3. You can see this passage in a / an ______.
A. story book B. advertisement C. traveling magazine D. history book
六、阅读表达
A volunteer in the future
There are lots of volunteers around us now. They don't do it for money. They do it only for happiness or for others.
If I have a chance to join a Volunteer Club, I will try my best to help others. In my class, I am good at Maths and Science. I can help my classmates who are in trouble if I am free. In the primary school, I can help teach young students paint because I am good at drawing. And I am good at singing, so I can sing songs to cheer up the sick people in hospital. Also, I can help the old people in the old people's home. I can do the housework for them because I think the old people will be very tired if they do the housework by themselves.
Except(除了) these, I can do some other things. Not only I feel good about helping others, but also I do something useful. So I think I should study hard to improve my skills and I will help others more in the future.
1. Why do lots of people want to be volunteers
2. What does the writer think of helping others
3. Do you want to be a volunteer Why or why not

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