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写作之复合句；并列句的使用
概述
高考英语书面表达中，考生如果大量使用结构单一、长度相当的简单句，且句子之间缺乏连贯性和逻辑性，就会导致文章平淡乏味，可读性不强。一篇好的文章应含有多种句式，即简单句、并列句和复合句一应俱全。这些句式各自具有不同的特点，它们的巧妙组合会使文章句式多变，逻辑连贯，表达流畅，带来一种错落有致、形式多样的美感。
一、掌握各类并列连词的使用
并列句一般由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成。并列句通过并列连词或分号连接起来。依据并列句前后分句的逻辑关系，并列句可表示递进关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系、时间关系、对比关系等。这些关系都是通过并列连词来表现的。以下为各类并列句常用的并列连词。
类型
连　词
递进关系and (then), as well (as), not only… but(also)…，neither… nor…
转折关系but, yet, whereas, while, although, though
选择关系either… or…， not… but…， whether… or not
因果关系for, so, because; since; as
对比关系but, while, whereas, nevertheless
并列句常用句型
1.not only… but (also)… 不仅……而且……
Not only is he a teacher, but he is (also) a poet.
2.either… or… 或者……或者……；不是……就是……
Either she goes or I go.
3.neither… nor… 既不……也不……
Neither does he smoke nor does he drink.
4.… while/whereas ……而；……却
Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad ones lead to the opposite.
5.并列连词when构成的句型
(1)sb. is doing… when… 某人正在做……这时/突然……
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.
(2)sb. is about to do/on the point of doing… when… 某人正要做……这时/突然……
I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.
(3)sb. had (just) done… when… 某人刚刚做……就……
She had just laid down when the telephone rang.
6.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
Stick to your principles, and you will win through.
Seize the chance, or you'll regret.
二、掌握各类复合句的写作
复合句由一个主句和若干个从句构成，主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是主体，从句是整个句子的一个成分，不能独立存在。从句对主句进行修饰，起补充说明作用。根据从句所起的词性作用，可分为三类：名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。各类从句连接词的使用是要掌握的重点。
① Maybe what is more important to them is to watch a movie or go on a trip together with their parents. (主语从句)
② It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. (表语从句)
③ I still remember how nervous I was on my first day in the new school three years ago. (宾语从句)
④ The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true. (同位语从句)
⑤To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoy a harmonious life. (定语从句)
⑥Some children are so busy with their own business that they have no time for their parents. (状语从句)
三、练习
1.根据句子意思，使用正确的连接词填空。
① ____________ the Internet is bridging the distance between total strangers, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.
② I was thinking of this ____________ I heard my name called.
③ Either he could not come ____________ he did not want to.
④ ____________ you've mentioned it, I do remember.
⑤ I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice ____________ I picked up the phone.
2.请找出下列各句中使用错误的连词或连接副词并改正。
①One morning it was raining heavily. However, I was late for school.
____________________________________________________
②In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.
____________________________________________________
③It's still unknown that team will win the match.
____________________________________________________
④As it was hot at night, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey down the valley.
____________________________________________________
⑤Although regular exercise is very important, but it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
____________________________________________________
3.按要求改写句子。
①It was the third time that he had won the race. It surprised us all.
并列句：____________________________________________
定语从句：__________________________________________
同位语从句：________________________________________
② Please find ways to praise your children often. They will open their hearts to you.
并列句______________________________________________
倒装句：____________________________________________
③The country recently tightened the control over its waters. This will prevent other countries from attacking its fishing boats.
定语从句：___________________________________________
状语从句：___________________________________________
简单句：_____________________________________________
④We are living in a new age. In this age, most information is available with greater ease than ever before.
定语从句：___________________________________________
并列句：_____________________________________________
⑤I've made a promise to myself. It says that this year, my first year in high school, would be completely different.
定语从句：___________________________________________
同位语从句：________________________________________
宾语从句：___________________________________________
4.阅读短文，请将适当的连接词填入空格处(每空一词)，使短文意思完整。
My sister is a determined girl, who believes that __①___ long as she works hard, she will succeed sooner or later. Hard __②___ she tries, she fails sometimes. __③___ time goes by, she has made progress in her studies. It has been two years __④___ she entered high school and it will be one year __⑤___ she graduates from high school.
Every night she doesn't go to bed __⑥___ eleven o'clock. __⑦___ she falls ill she won't give up learning. She works so hard __⑧___ I admire her a lot. __⑨___ she is at school or at home, she won't change her mind that she will be admitted to a key university. __⑩___ happens or wherever she goes, she keeps her duty in mind.
参考答案
1.①While/Though/Although ②when ③or ④Now that/Since ⑤the moment/as soon as/the instant/immediately
2.①However改为Therefore ② unless改为until/till ③that改为which ④As改为Though/Although/While ⑤删除but
3.①并列句：It was the third time that he had won the race and it surprised us all./It was the third time that he had won the race and we were all surprised at that.
定语从句：It was the third time that he had won the race, which surprised us all.
同位语从句：We were all surprised at the fact that he had won the race for the third time.
②并列句：Find ways to praise your children often and they will open their hearts to you.
倒装句：Not until/Only if you find ways to praise your children often will they open their hearts to you.
③定语从句：The country recently tightened the control over its waters, which will prevent other countries from attacking its fishing boats.
状语从句：The country recently tightened the control over its waters so that it will prevent other countries from attacking its fishing boats.
简单句：The country recently tightened the control over its waters to/in order to/so as to prevent other countries from attacking its fishing boats.
④定语从句：We are living in a new age, in which/when most information is available with greater ease than ever before.
并列句：We are living in a new age and most information is available with greater ease than ever before.
⑤定语从句：I've made a promise to myself, which says that this year, my first year in high school, would be completely different.
同位语从句：I've made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be completely different.
宾语从句：I have promised to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be completely different.
4.① so/as② as/though③ As④ since⑤ before⑥ until⑦ Unless⑧ that⑨ Whether⑩ Whatever

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