资源简介

2023年英语24篇文章词汇讲解
【学习效果】
通过深入学习 24 篇文章，真正掌握画括号的方法，同时增加 1500 左右的高频核心单词！建议 1-2 天学 1 篇，
40 天内拿下这 12 篇文章！
【建议】
把这份讲义完整打印下来，单词右边的空白处用来反复抄写单词，以尽量熟悉每个单词的拼写。
【自学更多】
请按以下步骤，自学更多文章，不断积累单词：
Step1. 遇到生词
Step2. 查手机字典
Step3. 听一下读音
Step4. 抄到本子上
Step5. 反复背这个单词
Step6. 反复读这篇文章
（以上步骤超级清楚、明确，只要照做，词汇量必有飞速提升！）
浙江卷 A 篇
Passage 1
【原文回顾】
Wealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy( 策 略 ). There are
lessons in that time-honored coin-saving container．
Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. I f you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain,
and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you
want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save
$3．93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1%
interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money．
When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should
save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are
also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the
world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year’s Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah,
but you have to put something in it．
Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more
coins In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a
few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an
orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars．The Middle English word for
pig was “pigge”. While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug”, eventually the two
words changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less
associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape
of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born．
Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.
While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.
Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money--- college education, weddings, cars,
medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money,
take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely.
【精读】
wealth 财富 n.
health 健康 n.
goal 目标 n. 进球 v.
save 存 v.
dollar 美元 n.（可数）
money 钱 n.（不可数）
bank 银行，河岸 n.
strategy 策略 n.
honor 荣耀 n.
coin 硬币 n.
contain 包含 v.
container 容器 n.
Wealth starts (with a goal) (saving a dollar) (at a time). Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略). There are
lessons (in that time-honored coin-saving container).
2
财富开始/伴随着一个目标/存 1 美元/在一次。叫它/这个“小猪存钱罐策略”。那里有/课程/在那个
被时间荣耀了的存硬币的容器里。【财富要一点一滴积累。】
any 任何一个
huge 巨大的 adj.
big 大
great 伟大的
huge 巨大的
large 巨大的
giant 巨大的 adj.
Facing the Giant 面对巨人
tremendous 庞大的
reduce 降低，减少，降级 v.
task 任务 n. （一次任务）
mission 使命 n.
work 活儿 n.（教书）
job 工作 n.（老师）
career 职业生涯 n.（教师）
position 工作岗位 n.（有道精品课高中教师）
post 工作岗位 n.（有道精品课高中教师）
occupation 工作 n.（有道精品课高中教师）
occupy 占据 v.
vocation 职业 n.（传道受业解惑的人民教师）
voc- 声音
vacation 假期 n.
holiday 假日 n.（holy day）
break 休息片刻 n.
ask for a leave 请假
rest 休息 n. 剩余的 adj.
take/get/make 搞 v.
special 特别都 adj.
occasion 场合 n.
collect 收集 v.
cost 花费，成本 n.
account 账户 n.
count 数 v.
interest 利息 n. 兴趣 n.
rate 率 n.
tax 税 n.
Any huge task seems easier (when reduced) (to baby steps). (If you wished) (to climb a 12,000-foot
mountain), (and could do it) (a day) (at a time), you would only have to climb 33 feet (daily) (to reach the
top) (in a year). (If you want) (to take a really nice trip) (in 10 years) (for a special occasion), (to collect the
$15,000 cost), you have to save $3.93 (a day). (If you drop that) (into a piggy bank) and then (once a year)
put $1,434 (in a savings account) (at 1% interest rate) (after-tax), you will have your trip money.
3
任何一个巨大的任务好像是更简单/当被降级/到小步骤（的时候）。如果你希望/去爬一个 12000
英尺的山，然后能够做它/一天/在一次，你将仅仅需要爬 33 英尺/每天/去到达那个山峰/在一年之内。
如果你想要/去搞一个真的很好的旅行/在 10 年之后/为了一个特别的场合，为了去收集那 15000 美元
的花费，你不得不存 3.93 美元/一天。如果你扔那个/进入一个小猪存钱罐/然后/一年一次/放 1434 美
元/在一个储蓄账户里/在 1%的利率/在税后，你将拥有你的旅行钱。
【伟大的任务变成小步骤就更简单。】
parent 家长 n.
that “说”（引导名从）
associate 联系 v.
association 协会 n.
English Association 英语协会 n.
English Corner 英语角（姻缘角）n.
NBA：National Basketball Association
also 也 adv.
popular 受欢迎的 adj.
Europe 欧罗巴洲 n.
Asia 亚细亚洲 n.
European 欧洲的，欧洲人 n.
Euro 欧元 n.
adult 成年人 n.（爱叨叨）
as 因为，当..时候 conj；作为，像... prep. 一样 adv.
介词（prep.）：介词接名词 TT is as ulgy (as PP).
连词（conj.）：连词连句子 As TT is ugly, PP loves him so much.
as...as... 一样...像...
sign 标志 n.
fortune 运气 n. = luck
fortunate 好运的 adj.
fortunately 幸运地 adv.
unfortunately 不幸地 adv.
these 这些，这些人
those 那些，那些人
some 有些，有些人
many 很多，很多人
one 一个，一个人
gift 礼物，天赋 n.
gifted 有天赋的 adj.
financial 金融的，财政的 adj.
success 成功 n.
successful 成功的 adj.
succeed 成功 v.
have to 不得不
(When I was a child), my parents gave me a piggy bank (to teach me) (that), (if I wanted something), (I
should save money) (to buy it). We associate piggy banks (with children), but (in many countries), the little
containers are also popular (with adults). Europeans see a piggy bank (as a sign) (of good fortune and
4
wealth). (Around the world), many believe a gift (of a piggy bank) (on New Year’s Day) brings good luck
and financial success. Ah, but you have to put something (in it).
当我是一个孩子（的时候），我的父母给我一个小猪银行/去教我/说/如果我想要一些东西，我应
该存钱/去买它。我们联系小猪银行/和孩子们，但是/在很多国家，这个小容器也是流行的/伴随着成
年人。欧洲人看一个小猪存钱罐/作为一个标志/好运气和财富的。环绕这个世界，很多人相信一个礼
物/一个小猪银行的/在新年的日子/带来好运气和金融的成功。啊，但是你不得不放一些东西/在里面。
【用小猪银行教存钱。】
symbol 符号，象征 n.
elephant 大象 n.
which 它（引导定从）
hold 握住-->把握 v.
hold on 别挂电话！（继续握着）
on 继续 n.
go on 继续走
coin 硬币 n.
Middle Ages 中世纪
before 在...之前 prep.
modern 现代的，摩登的 adj.
banking 银行业 n.
credit 信用 n. 点数 n. 学分 n.
instrument 工具，设备 n.
musical instrument 乐器 n.
jar 罐子 n.
dish 盘子 n.
pot 陶瓷罐子，锅 n.
hot-pot 火锅 n.
expensive 昂贵的 adj.
inexpensive 便宜的 adj.
from 离开-->从 prep.
eg：I come (from Shandong).
be made from 被由...制成（离开原材料，所以看不到）
be made of 被由...制成（of 表修饰，所以能看到）
clay 粘土 n.
folk 老百姓 n.
save 存 v.
saving 储蓄 n.
and 然后 conj.
noun 名词 n.
pronounce 发音 v.
pronunciation 发音 n.
refer to 提及
eventually 最终 adv.
finally 最终 adv.
into 进入，成为 prep.
5
fashion
shape
delight
delighting
delighted
be born
使... 成为流行 v.
形状 n.
使... 高兴 v.
令人高兴的 adj.
感到高兴的 a'd'j.
被生出来
Why is a pig used (as a symbol) (of saving) Why not an elephant bank, (which is bigger and holds
more coins) (In the Middle Ages), (before modern banking and credit instruments), people saved money (at
home), a few coins (at a time) (dropped) (into a jar or dish). Potters( 制 陶 工 ) made these inexpensive
containers (from an orange-colored clay)( 黏 土 ) (called “pygg,”) and folks saved coins (in pygg jars). The
Middle English word (for pig) was “pigge”. (While the Saxons pronounced pygg), (referring to the clay), (as
“pug”), eventually the two words changed (into the same pronunciation), (sounding the “i”) (as) (in pig or
piggy). (As the word became less associated) (with the orange clay) and more (with the animal), a clever
potter fashioned a pygg jar (in the shape) (of a pig), (delighting children and adults). The piggy bank was
born.
为什么一只噜噜被使用/作为一个符号/储蓄的？为什么不（是）一个大象银行呢，它是更大的而
且把握住更多硬币？在那中世纪，在现代银行业和信用工具之前，人们存钱/在家，一些硬币/在一次/
被扔/进入一个罐子或盘子。制陶工做了这些不贵的容易/从一种橘黄色的粘土/被叫做“pygg”，然后老
百姓存钱/在 pygg 罐子里。这个中世纪英语单词/对于噜噜/是“pigge”。因为这些撒克逊人发音 pygg，
指的是这个粘土/作为“pug”，最终，这两个单词变/成那相同的发音，听上去是这个“i”,就像/在 pig 或
piggy 里面。当这个单词变得更少联系/跟这个黄色的粘土/然后更多联系/跟这个动物，一个聪明的陶
匠使一个 piggy 罐子变得流行/以这个形状/一只噜噜的，使孩子们和大人高兴。这个小猪存钱罐被出
生了。【小猪存钱罐的诞生过程。】
orginally
break
get the money
get to the money
sense
serious
seriously
seriousness
wisdom
wise
relearn
require
amount
wedding
medical care
start a business
fun
stuff
staff
trip
off
最初 adv.
打碎 v.
得到这个钱
够到这个钱
感觉 n.v.
严肃的 adj.
严肃地 adv.
严肃 n.
智慧 n.
智慧的 adj.
重新学习 v.
需要 v.
量 n.
结婚 n.
医疗服务 n.
创业
好玩的 adj. 乐子 n.
东西，材料 n.
全体员工，士大夫 n.
旅行 n.
离开 adv.
6
aside
invest
在一边 adv.
投资 v.
Originally you had to break the bank (to get) (to the money), (bringing in a sense) (of seriousness) (into
savings). (While piggy banks teach children the wisdom) (of saving), adults often need (to relearn childhood
lessons). Think (about the things) (in life) (that require large amounts of money) --- college education,
weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff (like great trips). So (when
you have money), take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely.
最初，你不得不打破这个银行/去够/到那个钱，带进来一种感觉/严肃的/进入储蓄。当小猪银行教
孩子们这个智慧/储蓄的，成年人经常需要/去重新学习童年的课程。想/关于这些东西/在生活中/它们
需要大量的钱——大学教育，结婚，汽车，医疗，创业，置业，以及有趣的东西/像伟大的旅行。所
以，当你有钱，搞走那头 10%，放它在一边，存起来，然后投资得聪明。
【大家一定要存钱呀。】
41. What is the piggy bank strategy
A. Paying 1% income tax at a time.
B. B. Setting a goal before making a travel plan.
C. C. Aiming high even when doing small things.
D. D. Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.
42. Why did the writer’s parents give him a piggy bank as a gift
A. To delight him with the latest fashion.
B. To encourage him to climb mountains.
C. To help him form the habit of saving.
D. To teach him English pronunciation.
43. What does then underlined word “something” (Paragraph 3) most probably refer to
A. Money B. Gifts
C. Financial success D. Good luck
44. The piggy bank originally was _________.
A. a potter’s instrument B. a cheap clay container
C. an animal-shaped dish D. a pig-like toy for children
45. The last paragraph talks about ________.
A. the seriousness of educating children
B. the enjoyment of taking a great trip
C. the importance of managing money
D. the difficulty of starting a business
北京卷 C 篇
Passage 2
【原文回顾】
Students and Technology in the Classroom
I love my blackberry-it's my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also
love my laptop computer, as it holds all of my writing and thoughts. Despite this love of technology, I know
that there are times when I need to move away from these devices ( 设 备 ) and truly communicate with
others.
7
On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My
goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to
thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule -no
laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not
happy.
Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with
students misusing technology. There's a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology.
There's no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few
places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology
often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want
students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think
differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion.
I've been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student
satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge,
they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.
I'm not saying that I won't ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I
hear a really good reason for the change, I'm sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is
just too sweet to give up.
【精读】
technology
Blackberry
berry
connect
connection
anywhere
anyone
anytime
lap
laptop
desktop
PDA
personal
digital
assistant
assist
hold
thought
despite
in spite of
move
away
device
truly
技术 n.
黑莓 n.
莓 n.
连接 v.
连接 n.
任何地方
任何人
任何时间
大腿 n.
笔记本，膝上电脑 n.
台式机 n.
掌上电脑
（Personal Digital Assistant）
个人的 adj.
数码的 adj.
助理 n.
协助 v.
掌握 v.
想法 n.
尽管存在 prep.
尽管存在 prep.
移动，搬家 v.
离开 adv.
设备 n.
真正地 adv.
8
communicate 沟通 v.
communication 沟通 n.
telecommunications 通信 n.
tele- 远程
telephone 电话 n.
microphone 麦克风 n.
amplifier 放大器 n.
telegraph 电报 n.
graph - 写
photograph 相片 n.
photo- 光的
auto- 自动的
autograph 手稿*n.
bio- 生物的
biography 传记*n.
autobiography 自传*n.
community 社区，社团 n.
Students | and Technology | (in the Classroom)
I love my Blackberry—it’s my little connection (to the larger world) (that can go anywhere) (with me). I
also love my laptop computer, (as it holds all of my writing and thought). (Despite this love) (of technology),
I know (that there are times) (when I need) (to move away) (from these devices) （ 设 备 ） and truly
communicate (with others).
我爱我的黑莓—它是我的小连接/跟这个大世界/它能去任何地方/跟我。我也爱我的笔记本电脑，
因为它掌握所有我的写作和想法。尽管存在这个爱/技术的，我知道/说那里有些时候/那会儿我需要/
去移动离开/从这些设备然后真正地沟通/跟他人。【有时候应该离开技术】
occasion 场合 n.
on occasion 偶尔
matter 问题 n. 有关系 vi.
It doesn’t matter. 没关系
group 组，团伙 n.
team 团队 n.
mini-/mana- 管理
minister 大臣 n.
prime minister 首相
manager 经理 n.
manage 管理 v.
ad- 加
administrator 管理员 n.
administrate 管理 v.
goal 目标 n.
clude- close 关门
include 包含 n.
discuss 讨论 v.
history 历史（his+story）n.
9
historical 历史的 adj.
theme 主题 n.
thoroughly 完全地，透彻地 adv.
material 材料 n.
exchange 交换 v.
each other 彼此
rule 规则 n. 统治 v.
ruler 尺子 n.
advance 前面 n. 前进 v.
advanced 进步的，高级的 adj.
in advance 提前
exit 出口 n.
ex- 往外
it- 走
(On occasion), I teach a course (called History Matters) (for a group of higher education managers). My
goals (for the class) include a full discussion (of historical themes and ideas). (Because I want students) (to
thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas) (with each other) (in the classroom). I have a rule
—no laptops, iPads, phones, etc. (When students were told my rule) (in advance) (of the class), some of
them were not happy.
偶尔，我教一个课/被叫做《历史问题》/为了一组高级教育的经理。我的目标/对于这个课/包括一
个完全的讨论/历史主题和观点。因为我想要学生/去全面地学习这个材料然后交换他们的观点/跟彼此
/在这教室里。我有一个规则：没有笔记本、iPad、电话等等。当学生被告知我的规则/提前/于此课，
某些人/他们中的/是不开心的。【我上课禁止学生用数码】
assume 假定 v.
unpleasant 不快乐的 adj.
pleasant 欢乐的 adj.
misuse 误用，滥用 n.
a bit of 一丢丢
truth 事实
anti- 反对
antiwar 反战的 adj.
keep up with 和...齐头并进
relate 连接 n.
Most students assume (that my reasons) (for this rule) (include unpleasant experiences) (in the past)
(with students) (misusing technology). There’s a bit of truth (to that). Some students assume (that I am
anti-technology). There’s no truth (in that) at all. I love technology and try (to keep up with it) (so I can
relate) (to my students).
大多数学生假定/说我的原因/对于这个规则/包括不愉快的经历/在过去/跟学生/滥用技术的。这儿
有一丢丢的事实/对于那个。有些学生假定/说我是反技术的。那儿没有任何事实/在其中。我爱技术/
然后努力/去齐头并进/跟它/以便我能连接/跟我的学生。【学生猜的原因】
conversation
engage
complex
interruption
对话 n.
从事，订婚 v.
复杂的 adj.
打断 n.
10
con- 全都
concentration 集中 n.
center 中间 n.
allow for 允许 v.
dependence 依赖 n.
independence 独立 n.
dig 挖掘 v.
inspiration 启示，鼓舞 n.
leave 离开，丢下 v.
The real reason (why I ask students) (to leave technology) (at the door) is (that I think) (there are very
few places) (in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas). Interruptions (by
technology) often break concentration and allow (for too much dependence) (on outside information) (for
ideas). I want students (to dig deep) (within themselves) (for inspiration and ideas). I want them (to push
each other) (to think differently) and (to make connections) (between the course material and the class
discussion).
这真正的原因/之所以我要求学生/去留下科技/在那门口/是/说我认为/那儿有很少的地方/在其中
我们能有深刻的对话并且真正地从事复杂的想法。打断/被技术/经常打断注意力的集中然后允许了太
多的依赖/于外界的信息/为了想法。我想要学生去深刻挖掘/在他们内心世界/为了启发和思想。我想
要他们/去推动彼此/去思考得不同/然后去做出连接/在课程材料和课堂讨论。【我的真正原因：想让
学生深刻思考】
have been doing 一直做某事
in this way 以这种方式
reflect 反映 v.
satisfaction 满意 n.
satisfy 使...满意 vt.
satisfying 令人满意的 adj.
satisfied 感到满意的 adj.
environment 环境 n.
create 创造 v.
realize 意识 vt.
challenge 挑战 v.n.
material 材料 n.
I’ve been teaching my history class (in this way) (for many years) and the educations reflect student
satisfaction (with the environment) (that I create). Students realize (that) (with deep conversation and
challenge), they learn (at a level) (that helps them keep the course material) (beyond the classroom).
我一直在教我的历史课/以这种方式/过了好多年/然后这个教育反映了学生满意/对于这个环境/我
创造的。学生意识到/说/伴随着深刻的对话和挑战，他们学习/在一个层次/它帮助他们保持这个课程
材料/超越了这个课堂。【有效果】
stick to
free
air-free
money-free
man-free
trouble-free
坚持 v.
无，自由的 adj.
无空气的 adj.
免费的 adj.
男性莫入 adj.
无烦恼的 adj.
11
dialogue 对话 n.
too ...to.... 太..而不能...
I am too nervous to take the exam.
我太紧张以至于不能去参加这个考试。
sweet 甜 adj.
give up 放弃
I’m not saying (that I won’t ever change my mind) (about technology use) (in my history class), but
(until I hear a really good reason) (for the change). I’m sticking (to my plan). A few hours (of
technology-free dialogue) is just too sweet to give up.
我没有说/我永远不会改变我的想法/关于技术使用/在我的历史课上，但是/直到我听到一个真的好
的原因/对于这个改变。我坚持我的计划。几个小时的无技术的对话仅仅是太甜美以至于不能去放弃。
【我会坚持】
63．Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____
A．the course material
B．others’ misuse of technology
C．discussion topics
D．the author’s class regulations
64．The underlined word “engage ”in Para.4 probably means ____.
A．explore B．accept C．change D．reject
65．According to the author ,the use of technology in the classroom may ____.
A．keep students from doing independent thinking
B．encourage students to have in-depth conversations
C．help students to better understand complex themes
D．affect students’ concentration on course evaluation
66．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author ____
A．is quite stubborn
B．will give up teaching history
C．will change his teaching plan soon
D．values technology-free dialogues in his class
北京卷 D 篇
Passage 3
【原文回顾】
As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical
generating(发电) and transmission(输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West,
for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical
effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big
solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.
The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental
railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad
sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has
presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system,
many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and
died.
12
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West.
This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take
advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.
So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced to
move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate
effects.
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American
West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region.
There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent
wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.
The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far
beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the
railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.
【精读】
rail 铁轨 n.
rail road 铁路 n.
highway 高速公路 n.
shape 塑造 v.体型/形状 n.
electrical 电气的 adj.
electronic 电子的 adj.
gene 基因 n.
generate 产生 v.
generator 发电机 n.
generation 世代 n.
system 系统 n.
mark 标记 n.
marker 马克笔，记号笔 n.
lasting 持续的 adj.
for better or worse 不论好坏
significance 重要性 n.
direct 直接的 adj.
direction 方向 n.
director 指导员/指挥 n.
physical 物理的 adj.
affect 影响 v.（A 是大长矛，主动去影响）
effect 效果 n.（e 是小眼睛，看得见效果）
scene 场景 n.
scenery 风景 n.（场景+ry 阿姨）
surrounding 周围的 adj.
surroundings 周围的事物 n.
community 社区/社群/社团 n.
solar 太阳的，太阳能的 adj.
plant 植物，工厂 n.
power line 输电线 n.
not...but 不是...而是...
13
lie lied lied 规则变化是说谎
lie lay lain 不规则是躺
lay laid laid 躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则
(As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West) (in the past centuries), a new electrical
generating（发电）and transmission（输送）system (for the 21st century) will leave a lasting mark (on the
West), (for better or worse). Much (of the real significance) (of railroads and highways) is not (in their direct
physical effect) (on the scenery), but (in the ways) (that they affect the surrounding community). The same
is true (of big solar plants and the power lines) (that will be laid down) (to move electricity around).
正如那铁路和那高速公路塑造了那美国西部/在那过去的几个世纪，一个新的电的发电和传输系统
/对于 21 世纪/将会留下一个延续的标记/在那西部，不论好坏。大部分/真正的重要性的/铁路和告诉公
路的/并不是在于它们直接的物理效应/对于内个风景，而是/在于方式/他们影响这个周围人类社会的。
同样的是真的/对于大的发电厂和输电线/它会被放下来/去移动这个电/到处。【电力系统可能也会带
来长久影响】
grant 许诺 n.v.
take..for granted 认为... 是理所当然的 adj.
Don’t take your mother’s love for granted.
offer 被提供 v.
continent 大陆，大洲 n.
trans- 穿梭
transcontinental 横贯大陆的 adj.
private 私人的 adj.
own 拥有 v.
privately-owned 被私人拥有的 adj.
leave 离开，丢下 v.
section 部分，部门 n.
complete 完成 v.完成的 adj.
completely 完全地 adv.
completion 完成 n.
inter- 之间
international 国家之间的 adj.
intercity 城际的 adj.
interstate 州和州之间的 adj.
spring 跳出来 v. 泉水 n.弹簧 n.
The 19th century saw land grants( 政 府 拨 地 )(offered) (to railroad companies) (to build the
transcontinental railroads), (leaving public land) (in between privately owned land). (In much) (of the West),
some (of the railroad sections) were developed (while others remained undeveloped), and (in both cases) the
landownership has presented unique challenges (to land management). (With the completion) (of the
interstate highway system), many (of the small towns), (which sprang up) (as railway stops) (and developed
well), have lost their lifeblood and died.
这个 19 世纪见证了政府拨地/被提供/给铁路公司/去修建内个跨越大洲的铁路，丢下公共土地/在
被私人拥有的土地之间。在大部分/西部的，一些/铁路部分的/被发展起来，而其他的保持未被发展的，
然后在这两个情况下，这个土地所有权/已经呈现了独特的挑战/对于土地管理。伴随着内个完成/内个
各州之间的高速公路系统，很多/小城镇的，它们跳出来/随着火车站/而且发展得好的，已经丢掉了他
们的生命的血液然后死了。【铁路和高速公路带来的影响】
14
footprint 脚印 n.
argument 论文，议论 n.
alternative 替换的 adj.
need ...badly 迫切地需要..
take advantage of... 利用...
eg: We should take advantage (of the Internet).
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects (far beyond their direct footprint) (in the
West). This is not an argument (against building them). We need alternative energy badly, and (to really take
advantage) (of it) we need (to be able) (to move electricity around far more readily) (than we can now).
大的太阳能发电厂和他们的输电线也将有影响/远远超越了他们的直接的足迹/在内个西部。这不
是一篇议论文/反对建造他们。我们需要替代能源/迫切地，然后/为了真的利用好它/我们需要/去能够/
去运输电力向四周/远的多/比我们现在能够的。【电力系统也会带来影响但是作者并不反对】
trade-off 交易，协议 n.
scenic spot 景点 n.
sacrifice 牺牲 v.
specices 物种 n.
force 逼迫 v.
accommodation 食宿 n.
deal 交易 n.
strike the deal 达成交易
immediate 直接的/立刻的/紧邻的 adj.
im- 否定
-medi 中间
immediate neighbor 近邻 n.
immediate effect 直接影响 n.
So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species will be forced (to
move), or will be carefully moved (to special accommodations). Deals will be struck (to reduce the
immediate effects).
所以，交易将会被达成。一些景点将会被牺牲。一些物种将会被迫/去转移，或者将会被认真地移
动/到特殊的食宿。交易将会被达成/去减少那直接的影响。【交易也会想办法减少直接影响】
matter 问题 n.
ideal 理想的 adj.
throw 扔 v.
region 地区 n.
chance 机会 n.
The lasting effects (of these trade-offs) are another matter. The 21st century development (of the
American West) (as an ideal place) (for alternative energy) is going (to throw off a lot of power and money)
(in the region). There are chances (for that power and money) (to do a lot of good). But it is just (as likely)
(that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind), (just like the railroads and the
highways).
这个延续的效果/这些交易的/是另外一个问题。这个 21 世纪的发展/这美国西部的/作为一个理想
的地方/对于替换能源的/将要/去砸下好多力量和前/在这个区域。有机会/对于那个力量和钱/去做很多
好事。但是，这件事仅仅/一样可能/说/他们将被花费/浪费掉/然后会丢下新的问题在后面，就像/那铁
路和那高速公路。【电力系统可能会带来长远影响】
15
set 放置 v.
aside 在一边 adv.
negotiate 谈判 v.
institution 机构
control 控制 v.
construct 建造 v.
construction 建筑 n.
structure 结构 n.
The money (set aside) (in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions) (that control it) will shape the West
(far beyond the immediate footprint) (of power plants and transmission lines). So let’s remember the effects
(of the railroads and the highways) (as we construct these new power plants) (in the West).
这个钱/被放在一边的/在被谈判的交易和机构/控制交易的/会塑造西部/远远超越那立刻的足迹/发
电厂和运输线的。所以让我们记得内个影响/内个铁路和内个高速公路的/当我们建造这些新的发电厂/
在内个西部的时候。【注意考虑长远影响】
67．What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways
A．Small towns along the railways became abandoned .
B．Some railroad stops remained underused.
C．Land in the West was hard to manage.
D．Land grants went into private hands.
68 ． What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two
paragraphs
A．The transmission of power.
B．The use of money and power.
C．The conservation of solar energy.
D．The selection of an ideal place.
69．What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants
A．Cautious B．Approving C．Doubtful D．Disapproving
70．Which is the best title for the passage
A．How the Railways Have Affected the West
B．How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West
C．How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced
D．How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled
北京卷 A 篇
Passage 4
【原文回顾】
“I Went Skydiving at 84!”
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost
unheard of a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011,when my husband arranged for me to ride
in a hot air balloon for my birthday. But the experience turned out to be very dull. Around that time ,I told
my husband that I wanted to skydive. So when our retirement community(社区) announced that they were
having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have, I decided
to write about my dream.
In the essay, I wrote about my desire to skydive, stating George Brush Sr. did it at age 80. Why not me
16
I was just 84 and in pretty good health. A year went by and I heard nothing. But then at a community party
in late April 2009, they announced that I was one of the winners. I just couldn’t believe it. Inspired by this, I
decided to realize my dream, even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.
One June 11, 2009, nearly 40 of my family and friends gathered in the area close to where I would land
while I headed up in the airplane. My instructor, Jay, guided me through the experience. The plane was the
noisiest one I had ever been in, but I wasn’t frightened—I was really just looking forward to the experience.
When we reached 13,000 feet, Jay instructed me to throw myself out of the plane. When we first hit the air,
the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe. For a second I thought, “What have I gotten myself
into ” But then everything got calmer. We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay opened the
parachute( 降 落 伞 ), then we just floated downward for about five minutes. Being up in the clouds and
looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever felt—much better than the hot air balloon. I was
just enjoying it.
Skydiving was really one of the greatest experiences of my life. I hope other people will look at me and
realize that you don’t stop living just because you are 84 years old. If there’s something you want to
experience, look into it. If it’s something that is possible, make it happen.
【精读】
dive 跳水，潜水 v.
skydive 跳伞 v.
go shopping 去血拼
go swimming 去游泳
plane 飞机 n.
unheard 没被听说过的 adj.
taste 品尝 n. v. 尝起来 v.
then 那时候 adv.
arrange 安排 v.
ride 骑行，乘坐 v.
balloon 气球 n.
turn out to be 结果是，被证明是
dull 无聊 adj.
retire 退休 v.
retiree 退休的人 n.
retirement 退休 n.
entire 完全的 adj.
Heal the World...for.. the entire human race.
community 社区，社群 n.
announce 宣布 v.
essay 作文，小论文 n.
compete 比赛 v.
competition 比赛 n.
competitor 选手 n.
topic 主题 n.
“I Went Skydiving (at 84)!”
(As a young girl) (growing up)(in the 1930s), I always wanted (to fly a plane), but (back then) it was
almost unheard (of a woman) (to do that). I got a taste (of that dream) (in 2011), (when my husband
arranged) (for me) (to ride) (in a hot air balloon) (for my birthday). But the experience turned out (to be very
17
dull). (Around that time), I told my husband (that I wanted) (to skydive). So (when our retirement
community（社区）announced) (that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience
(of a lifetime) (that you wanted) (to have), I decided (to write) (about my dream).
作为一个年轻女孩/长大/在内个 1930 年代，我总是想要/去飞一个飞机，但是/回到那会儿/这件事
几乎是没有被听到的/关于一个女人/去做那个。我得到一个品尝/关于那个梦想/在 2011 年，那会儿我
的丈夫安排/为我/去乘坐/在一个热气球中/为了我的生日。但是这个经历/结果/是非常无聊的。在那个
时间前后，我告诉我的丈夫/说我想要/去跳伞。所以/当我们的退休社区宣布/说他们要有一次作文比
赛/而且内个主题是一个经历/一生的/你想要去拥有的，我决定/去写/关于我的梦想。【我想跳伞】
desire 欲望 n.
state 国家 n.州 n.陈述 v.
statement 陈述句 n. 陈述 n.
Sr. Senior 高级的 adj.
Jr. Junior 低级的 adj.
go by 走过/经过
winner 赢家 n.
inspire 启发，鼓舞 v.
real 真的 adj.
realize 实现 v.
reality 现实 n.
modern 摩登的，现代的 adj.
modernize 把..变得现代化 v.
industry 产业，工业 n.
industrial 工业的 adj.
industrialize 把... 工业化 v.
even if 尽管，虽然
even though 尽管，虽然
member 成员 n.
against 反对 prep.
in + n. 处在...的状态之下
in danger 处在危险状态之下
in anger 处在愤怒状态之下
in good health 处在好的健康状态之下
(In the essay), I wrote (about my desire) (to skydive), (stating George Bush Sr. did it) (at age 80). Why
not me I was just 84 and (in pretty good health). A year went by and I heard nothing. But then (at a
community party) (in late April 2009), they announced (that I was one) (of the winners). I just couldn’t
believe it. (Inspired) (by this), I decided (to realize my dream), (even though some of my family members
and my doctor were) (against it).
在这篇文章中，我写/关于我的渴望/去跳伞，陈述了老布什做了这个/在 80 岁的时候。为什么不是
我呢？我是仅仅 84 岁，而且处在相当好的健康状态下。一年过去了，然后我什么都没有听到。但是，
然后/在一个社区聚会上/在 2009 年四月末，他们宣布/说我是一个/内个赢家中的。我就是不能相信这
件事！被启发/被这个，我决定/去实现我的梦想，尽管一些/我的家庭成员和我的大夫是/反对这件事
的。【我获奖，想实现梦想】
nearly 几乎 adv.
gather 聚集 v.
area 区域 n.
close to 靠近 prep.
18
where I would land 我会降落的那个地方
instructor 指导员 n.
instruct 指导 v.
guide 指导 v. 导游 n.
guard 守卫 v.n.
safeguard 保镖 n. 舒肤佳 n.
noise 噪音 n.
noisy 嘈杂的 adj.
frighten 吓唬 v.
frightening 吓人的 adj.
frightened 害怕的 adj.
look forward to XXX 期待某事
foot 脚丫子，英尺 n.
although 尽管 conj.
though 尽管 conj.
thought 想法 n.
throw 扔 v.
through 穿过 prep.
so ... that..如此... 以至于..
so that.. 以便
hardly 几乎不
breathe 呼吸 v.
breath 气息，呼吸 n.
get 渐渐变得 v. 得到 v.
calm 冷静 adj.
calmer 更冷静 adj.
free fall 自由落体运动
parachute 降落伞 n.
float 漂浮 v.
downward 朝下 adv.
upward 朝上 adv.
view 风景 n.
below 在下面 adv.
unlike 和...不一样 prep.
ever 曾经 adv.
even 甚至 adv.
(On June 11, 2009), nearly 40 (of my family and friends) gathered (in the area) (close to where I would
land) (while I headed up) (in the airplane). My instructor, Jay, guided me (through the experience). The
plane was the noisiest one (I had ever been in), but I wasn’t frightened—I was really just looking forward (to
the experience). (When we reached 13,000 feet), Jay instructed me (to throw myself) (out of the plane).
(When we first hit the air), the wind was so strong (that I could hardly breathe). (For a second) I thought,
“What have I gotten myself into ” But then everything got calmer. We were (in a free fall) (for about a
minute) (before Jay opened the parachute)（降落伞）, then we just floated downward (for about five minutes).
Being up (in the clouds) and looking (at the view below) was (unlike anything) (I have ever felt)—much
better (than the hot air balloon). I was just enjoying it.
19
在 2009 年 6 月 11 号，将近 40 人/我的家庭和朋友中的/聚集/在这个地区/靠近我会降落的地方/当
我上飞机的时候。我的指导员，Jay，引导者我/穿过这个经历。这个飞机是内个最吵的一个/我曾经有
进过的，但是我没有被吓到——我是真的期待/这个经历。当我们到达/13000 英尺，Jay 指导我/去扔
我自己/出这个飞机。当我们最初触及内个空气的时候，这个风是如此强壮/以至于我几乎不能呼吸。
在一秒钟内，我想，“我把我自己投入了什么啊！”但是，然后，每件事变得更冷静。我们是在一个自
由落体中/过大约 1 分钟/然后 Jay 打开了内个降落伞，然后我们仅仅漂浮朝下/过了大约 5 分钟。存在
在上面/在内个云层中/然后看着/下面的风景/是/不像任何东西/我曾经有感受到的——好多了/比这个
热气球。我仅仅是在享受它。【跳伞的过程】
stop doing 停止做某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事
look into 调查研究
happen 发生 v.
experience 经历 vt.
possible 可能的 adj.
Skydiving was really one (of the greatest experiences) (of my life). I hope (other people will look) (at
me) (and realize) (that you don’t stop living)(just because you are 84 years old). (If there’s something) (you
want) (to experience), look (into it). (If it’s something) (that is possible), make it happen.
跳伞真的是一个/内个最伟大的经历中的/我的生命中的。我希望/其他人会看/到我/然后意识到/说
你没有停止生活/仅仅因为你是 84 岁老。如果那儿有某些事情/你想要/去经历，调查它！如果它是某
个东西/它是可能的，让它发生！【跳伞伟大，不能服老】
56．What happened to the author in 2001
A．She flew an airplane
B．She entered a competition
C．She went on a hot air balloon ride
D．She moved into a retirement community
57．The author mentioned George Bush Sr. in her essay to _____ .
A．build up her own reputation
B．show her admiration for him
C．compare their health condition
D．make her argument persuasive
58．How did the author feel immediately after she jumped out of the plane
A．Excited B．Scared C．Nervous D．Regretful
59．What did the author enjoy most when she was skydiving
A．The beautiful clouds
B．The wonderful view
C．The company of Jay
D. The one-minute free fall
全国 III 卷 A 篇
Passage 5
Music
【原文回顾】
Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances
in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742.
20
http://www..
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several
concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information. http: //www..
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs
September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus( 校 园 ) of the university,
usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the
well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting
Baroque through modern music. Students with I. D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of
events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183.
http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover
(price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone: 232-6220. http://www.riverbendmusic.com.
【精读】
opera 戏剧 n.
hall 大厅 n.
season 季节，考试季，演出季 n.
January 一月
February 二月
March 三月
April 四月
May 五月
June 六月
July 七月
August 八月
September 九月
October 十月
November 十一月
December 十二月
add 加 v.
addition 额外 n.
additional 额外的 adj.
additionally 更进一步而言 adv.
in addition 更进一步而言 adv.
form 形成 v. 形式，表格 n.
per- 全、都
perform 表演，施展 v.
performance 表演 n.
perform an operation 做一台手术
perform a magic 表演一个魔术
honor 荣耀 n.v.
member 会员 n.
membership 会员身份 n.
count 数 v.
countable 可数的 adj.
21
uncountable 不可数的 adj.
discount 折扣 n.
account 账户 n.
acc- app- all- amm- = add 强加
accountant 会计 n.
run 运行，运营 vt.
with 伴随着
Opera (at Music Hall): 1243 Elm Street. The season runs (June through August), (with additional
performances) (in March and September).The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts.Phone:
241-2742. http://www. ( http: / / www.. ). ( http: / / www.. )
戏剧/在音乐大厅：1243ELM 大街。这个演出季运行/六月到八月，伴随着额外的表演/在三月和九
月。这个戏剧荣耀了“享受艺术”会员折扣。电话：241-2742。http://www. ( http: / / www.. ). ( http: / / www.. )
chamber
orchestra
memory
memo
note
memorial
provide
supply
offer
several
concert
小房间 n.
管弦乐队 n.
记忆 n.
备忘录 n.
笔记本 n.
记忆的 adj.
提供 v.
供应 v.不断提供 v.
有爱地提供 v. 录用通知 n.
几个 adv.
音乐会 n.
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays (at Memorial Hall) (at 1406 Elm Street), (which offers several
concerts) (from March) (through June). Call 723-1182 for more information. http: //www..
小房间管弦乐团：这个管弦乐团演奏/在记忆大厅/在 1406ELM 大街，它提供了几个音乐会/从三
月/到六月。打电话 7231182/为了更多信息。http: //www..
symphony
sym-
-phony
sale
on sale
for sale
regular
regulate
regulation
交响乐 n.
same 相同
phone 声音
销售 n.
打折（持续销售）
有售（为了销售）
常规的 adj.
规范 v. 管理 v.
规章制度 n.
Symphony Orchestra: (At Music Hall and Riverbend).(For ticket sales), call 381-3300.Regular season
runs (September through May) (at Music Hall) (in summer) (at Riverbend).
http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.
交响乐乐团：在音乐大厅和 Riverbend。对于票的销售，打 381-3300。常规的演出季运行/九月到
五月/在音乐大厅/在夏天/在 Riverbend。http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.
22
conservatory
main
camp
campus
theater
organ
organize
organization
vary
variety
various
a variety of
event
include
muse
music
musical
museum
musician
present
modern
attend
attend to sb.
event
for free
schedule
term
semester
available
box office
at+电话号码
温室，音乐学校 n.
主要的 adj.
营地 n.
校园 n.
剧院 n.
器官 n.
组织 v.
组织 n.
变化 v.
种类 n.
各种各样的 adj.
各种各样的 adj.
活动 n.
包括 v.
缪斯 n.
音乐 n.
音乐的 adj.
博物馆 n.
音乐家 n.
出现，呈现 v.
摩登的 adj.现代的 adj.
参加 v.
照顾某人
事件 n.
免费
日程表 n.
学期 n.
学期 n.
可用的，可获得的 adj.
售票处 n.
College Conservatory (of Music) (CCM): Performances are (on the main campus)( 校 园 ) (of the
university), usually (at Patricia Cobbett Theater). CCM organizes a variety of events, (including
performances) (by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups) (of
musicians) (presenting Baroque through modern music). Students (with I.D. cards) can attend the events (for
free). A free schedule (of events) (for each term) is available (by calling the box office) (at 556-4183).
http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar ( http: / / www.ccm.uc.edu / events / calendar. ). ( http: / / www.ccm.uc.edu / events / calendar. )
大学音乐教室：表演是在主校园/这个大学的/通常在 P.C 剧院。CCM 组织各种各样的活动，包括
表演/被这些有名的 L.S.Q、CCM 的 P.O 和各种各样的组织/音乐家的/呈现巴洛克到现代音乐。学生/
有 I.D 卡/能够参加这些活动/免费。一个免费的日程表/活动的/对于每个学期/是可用的/通过打给内个
售票处/拨 556-4183 . http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar ( http: / / www.ccm.uc.edu / events / calendar. ). ( http: / / www.ccm.uc.edu / events / calendar. )
outdoor
theater
seat
户外的 adj.
剧院 n.
座位 n. 给..安排座位 v.
23
big name 有名的 adj.
avenue 大街 n.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats (under cover)
(price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone: 232-6220.http://www.riverbendmusic.com.
R.B 音乐剧院：6295K.大街。大型的户外剧院/伴随着那些最近的位置/在盖头以下（票价不同）。
有名的演出/一整个夏天那么长！电话：232-6220.http://www.riverbendmusic.com.
21.Which number should you call if you want to see an opera
A.241-2742. B.723-1182.
C.381-3300. D.232-6220.
22.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra
A.February. B.May.
C.August. D.November.
23.Where can students go for free performances with their I.D.cards
A.Music Hall.
B.Memorial Hall.
C.Patricia Cobbett Theater.
D.Riverbend Music Theater.
24.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places
A.It has seats in the open air.
B.It gives shows all year round.
C.It offers membership discounts.
D.It presents famous musical works.
全国 III 卷 B 篇
Passage 6
【原文回顾】
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York
friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes, another customer
was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi ＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the
stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she
also pulled up a chair.
＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said.＂I didn’t know what my New York
friends were thinking.＂
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was
pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown
toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple
dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).
＂ My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’ ＂ Welty added. ＂ And I said: ‘Now you know.
These are the people that make me write them.’＂
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this
explanation.
＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.＂I don’t
have to.＂
24
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from
afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from
conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes,
sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
【精读】
a couple of 两个
couple 情侣 n.
settle 定，定居 v.
customer 顾客 n.
approach 接近/靠近 v.途径 n.
within 在...之内 prep.
(On one) (of her trips) (to New York) (several years ago), Eudora Welty decided (to take a couple of
New York friends out) (to dinner). They settled in (at a comfortable East Side cafe) and (within minutes),
another customer was approaching their table.
在一个/她的旅行的/去纽约/几年之前，E.W 决定/去带着两个纽约朋友出去/去晚饭。他们坐定/在
一个舒服的“东边”咖啡厅，然后在几分钟之内，另外一个顾客正在靠近他们的桌子。【E.W 吃晚饭，
陌生人靠近】
elegant 优雅的 adj.
white-haired 白发的 adj.
“Hey, aren’t you (from Mississippi) ” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked (by the
stranger). “I’m (from Mississippi) too.”
“嘿，你不是从密西西比来的吗？”这个优雅的、白发的作家记得被问到/被这个陌生人。“我也是
来自密西西比。”【陌生人是老乡】
a second thought = 三思
partner 同伴 n.
show up 出现 v.
show off 显摆 v.
pull 拽 v.
push 推 v.
chair 椅子 n.
chairman 主席 n.
president 总统 n.
(Without a second thought), the woman joined the Welty party. (When her dinner partner showed up),
she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news (of Mississippi),” Welty said. “I didn’t know (what my New York
friends were thinking).”
没有一个第二个思考，这个女人加入了这个 W 的聚会。当她的晚饭的同伴出现的时候，她也拽
上来一个椅子。
“他们开始告诉我所有的这个消息/密西西比的，”W 说，“我不知道/我的纽约朋友们在想什么。”
【和陌生人聊天】
Taxi
rare
rarer
pour
出租车 n.
少见的 adj.
更少见的 adj.
泼 v.
25
cab 出租车 n.
head back 往回走
downtown 市中心 n.
event 事件 n. 大活动 n.
Big Apple = New York
state 州 n.
United States of America 美国
union 联合 n.
reunion 重聚 n.
Taxis (on a rainy New York night) are rarer (than sunshine). (By the time the group got up) (to leave), it
was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter (to find a cab). (Heading back
downtown) (toward her hotel), her big-city friends were amazed (at the turn) (of events) (that had changed
their Big Apple dinner (into a Mississippi state reunion) (团聚).
出租车/在一个下雨的纽约晚上/是更少的/比阳光。到这个时间/这群人起身/去离开，天在下大雨/
在外面。W 的新朋友立刻派一个服务生/去找一个出租车。前往回去市中心/朝着她的酒店，她的大城
市朋友们是惊讶的/在这个转折/事件的/它已经改变这个纽约晚饭/成为一个密西西比州团聚。【晚饭
结束】
add 加，补充 v.
“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are
the people (that make me write them).’”
“我的朋友说：‘现在我们相信你的故事了，’” W 补充说“然后我说‘现在你知道。这些是这些人/
他们让我写他们。’”【W 作品中的人】
sofa 沙发 n.
skinny 皮包骨头 adj.
slim 苗条 adj.
slender 苗条 adj.
figure 身材，数字 n.
gray 灰色 adj.
dress 裙子 n.
pleased 感到满意的 adj.
explain 解释 v.
explanation 解释 n.
(Sitting) (on a sofa) (in her room), Welty, a slim figure (in a simple gray dress), looked pleased (with
this explanation).
坐/在一个沙发上/在她的房间，W，一个苗条的身材/在一个简单的灰色的裙子/看上去感到满意/
对于这个解释。【W 满意】
make up 编造 v.化妆 v.
say of = talk about
fiction =novel= story
or so 左右
“I don’t make them up,” she said (of the characters) (in her fiction) (these last 50 or so years). “I don’t
have to.”
“我没有编造它们，”她说/关于这些人物/在她的小说里/这些过去的 50 年左右。“我不必要。”【小
说人物不是编造的】
26
beauty 美，美女 n.
beautician 美容人 n.
bartender 酒保 n.
piano 钢琴 n.
purple 紫色 n. adj.
walk 散步 n.
native 本土的 adj.
conversation 对话 n.
overhear 偷听 v.
(If you overhear someone), you hear (what they are saying) (when they are not talking) (to you) (and
they do not know) (that you are listening).
annoy 使心烦 v.
(If someone or something annoys you), it makes you fairly angry and impatient.
give out 精疲力尽 v.
particularly 特别地 adv.
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people (with purple hats), Welty’s people come (from
afternoons) (spent) (visiting) (with old friends), (from walks) (through the streets) (of her native Jackson,
Miss.), (from conversations) (overheard) (on a bus). It annoys Welty (that), (at 78), (her left ear has now
given out). Sometimes, (sitting) (on a bus or a train), she hears only a fragment( 片 段 ) (of a particularly
interesting story).
美容师，酒保，钢琴演奏家和人们/有紫色的帽子，W 的人来自一些下午/被度过/拜访/跟老朋友，
从散步/穿过这些街道/她的当地的 J.M，从对话/被偷听到/在一辆公交车上。这件事让 W 心烦，说/在
78 岁，她的左耳朵已经精疲力尽了。有时候，坐在一辆公交车或者火车上，她听到仅仅一个片段/一
个特别有趣的故事的。【创作的来源】
25.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe
A.Two strangers joined her.
B.Her childhood friends came in.
C.A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D.Some people held a party there.
26.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s
A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories
27.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction
A.They live in big cities.
B.They are mostly women.
C.They come from real life.
D.They are pleasure seekers.
27
.
全国 III 卷 C 篇
Passage 7
【原文回顾】
If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s
around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21, but
since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.To people who
are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be
quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by
the Romans.Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的)
Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for
eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s
a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and
because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and
commercial orchards ( 果 园 ).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit
Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
【精读】
fruit-growing 种水果 n.
fruit-grower 种水果的人 n.
would like to do =want to do
take advantage of 利用
practice 实践 n.练习 v.
catch on 流行 v.
event 事件，活动 n.
spread 扩散 v.
(If you are a fruit grower) — or would like to become one — take advantage (of Apple Day) (to see)
(what’s around). It’s called Apple Day but (in practice) it’s more (like Apple Month). The day itself is (on
October 21), but (since it has caught on), events now spread out (over most of October) (around Britain).
如果你是一个种水果的人——或者想要变成一个——利用“苹果日”/去看/周围有什么。它被叫做
“苹果日”，但是/在实践中/它是更/像“苹果月”。这天本身是/在十月 21 日，但是/因为它已经流行起来
了，活动现在扩散出来/跨越大部分的十月/在英国。【苹果日】
taste
tasty
vary
variety
various
a variety of
limit
limited
used to do
be used to sth
品尝 v. 口味，品味 n.
美味的 adj.=delicious
变化 v.
种类 n.
各种各样的 adj.
各种各样的 adj.
限制 v.
有限的 adj.
过去常常做某事
习惯于某物
28
be used to do 被用来去做某事
such as 例如
Golden Delicious 金冠
royal 皇家的 adj.
gala 联欢会 n.
Spring Festival Gala 春节联欢晚会
eye opener 令人大开眼界的东西
range 范围 n.
classical 经典的 adj.
in existence 存在着
exist 存在 v.
existing 现存的 adj.
be worth+n. 值得 XXX
curiosity 好奇心 n.
curious 好奇的 adj.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance (to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples). (To people)
(who are used) (to the limited choice) (of apples) (such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala) (in
supermarkets), it can be quite an eye opener (to see the range) (of classical apples) (still in existence), (such
as Decio) (which was grown) (by the Romans). (Although it doesn’t taste) (of anything special), it’s still
worth a try, (as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head) (which is more of a curiosity) (than anything else).
参观一个苹果节是一个好机会/去看，并且经常品尝很多种类的苹果。对于人们/他们已经习惯/于有限
的选择/苹果的/例如 G.D 和 R.G/在超市，这可以是相当的一个令人大开眼界的东西/去看到这个范围/
经典苹果的范围/依然存在着。尽管它不尝起来/像任何特殊的东西，它是依然值得一个尝试，同样的
是这个多疙瘩的猫头/它是更加好奇的/比任何其他东西。【看各种苹果】
suit 适合 v.
specific 特定的 adj.
local 当地的 adj.
condition 状况 n.
shelter 避难所 n.
sheltered 被遮盖的 adj.
pipe dream 白日梦 n.
fall for sth. =fall in love with sth.
soil 土壤 n.
There are also varieties (developed) (to suit specific local conditions). One (of the very best varieties)
(for eating quality) is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place (with perfect soil) (to grow
it), so it’s a pipe dream (for most apple lovers) (who fall for it).
那里也有品种/被开发/去适合特定的当地情况。一个/那最好的品种的/对于吃的品质/是 O.R，但
是你将需要一个温暖的、被遮盖的地方/伴随着完美的土壤/去种植它，所以这是一个白日梦/对于大部
分爱苹果的人/他们爱上它。【特殊苹果种类】
29
affair 事务 n.
have an affair 有外遇
cater for 迎合 v.
(At the events), you can meet expert growers and discuss (which ones will best suit your conditions),
and (because these are family affairs), children are well catered for (with apple-themed fun and games).
在这个活动中，你可以见到专家的苹果种植者/然后讨论/跟哪些会最好地适合你的情况，然后/因
为这些是家庭事务，孩子被很好地迎合/用苹果主题的快乐和游戏。【跟专家讨论&孩子被迎合】
all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样的 adj.
commercial 商业的 adj.
try to do 努力去做
try doing 试着做做
Apple Days are being held (at all sorts of places) (with an interest) (in fruit), (including stately gardens
and commercial orchards) (果园).(If you want) (to have a real orchard experience), try visiting the National
Fruit Collection (at Brogdale), (near Faversham) (in Kent).
苹果日正在被举办/在各种各样的地方/伴随着一个兴趣/在水果方面，包括豪华的花园和商业的果
园。如果你想要一个真的果园经历，尝试参观这个国家水果集/在 B，靠近 F，在 K。【呼吁参加】
28.What can people do at the apple events
A.Attend experts’ lectures.
B.Visit fruit-loving families.
C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.
D.Taste many kinds of apples.
29.What can we learn about Decio
A.It is a new variety.
B.It has a strange look.
C.It is rarely seen now.
D.It has a special taste.
30.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.A practical idea.
B.A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan.
D.A selfish desire.
31.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To show how to grow apples.
B.To introduce an apple festival.
C.To help people select apples.
D.To promote apple research.
30
全国 III 卷 D 篇
Passage 8
【原文回顾】
Bad news sells.If it bleeds, it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.Those are the
classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread
and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’s e-mails
and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob
stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of
Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling.But when you share a story with
your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face
conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative( 消极的), but that didn’t necessarily
mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people
experienced more good things than bad things？ To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people
spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website.He and a Penn
colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months.One of his first findings was that articles in the
science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles.He found that science
amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like
anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the
other, and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared,
as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
bleed 流血 v.
blood 血 n.
lead 带领 v.
classic 经典的 adj.
rule 规则 n.
broad 广泛的 adj.
cast 投掷 v.
broadcast 广播 n.
paper 纸 n.（不可数）
paper 报纸 n.（可数）
now that 既然=since
information 信息 n.
spread 传播 v.
monitor 监控 v.班长 n.
research 研究 n.v.
researcher 研究人员 n.
discover 发现 v.
email 电子邮件 n.
online 在线 n.
post 帖子 n. 发帖子 v.
disaster 悲剧，灾难 n.
sob 抽泣 v.n.
31
Bad news sells. (If it bleeds), it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the
classic rules (for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers). But (now that information is being spread
and monitored) ( 监 控 ) (in different ways), researchers are discovering new rules. (By tracking people’s
e-mails and online posts), scientists have found (that good news can spread faster and farther) (than disasters
and sob stories).
坏消息是畅销的。如果流血，就会带领。没有新闻就是最好的新闻，而好新闻就不是新闻。这些
是经典规则/对于晚间广播和晨报。但是，既然信息正在被扩散和监控/以不同的方式，研究人员正在
发现新规则。通过追踪人们的电子邮件和在线的帖子，科学家已经发现/说好消息能传播更快和更远/
比灾难和抽泣故事。【新规则：好消息传得快】
work 管用 v.
works 作品 n.
masterpiece 杰作 n.
craft 工艺 n.
mass 大规模的 adj.
mass media 大规模媒体 n.
scholar 学者 n.
eyeballs 眼球 n.
share 分享 v.份儿 n.
react 反应 v.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works (for mass media),” says Jonah Berger, a scholar (at the University) (of
Pennsylvania). “They want your eyeballs and don’t care (how you’re feeling). But (when you share a story)
(with your friends), you care a lot more (how they react). You don’t want them (to think of you) (as a
Debbie Downer).”
“这个‘如果流血’规则管用/对于大规模媒体，”J.B 说，一个学者/在这个大学/宾夕法尼亚的。“他
们想要你的眼球，然后不关心/你感觉怎样。”但是，当你发分享一个故事/跟你的朋友时，你关心更多
/他们如何反应。你不想要他们/去认为你/作为一个 D.D。【因为你在乎朋友的反应】
mouth
analyze
review
face-to-face
conversation
tend
tend to do
positive
test
possibility
a set of
particular
story
article
website
colleague
list
first
嘴 n.
分析 v.
评论 n.
面对面的 adj.
对话 n.
倾向 v.
倾向于做某事
积极的 adj.
考试，测试 n.
可能性 n.
一套
特定的 adj.
故事 n.
文章 n.
网站 n.
同事 n.
列表 n.
最早的 adj.
32
finding 发现 n.
section 部分，部门 n.
likely 很可能的 adj.
amaze 使..惊讶 v.
amazing 令人惊讶的 adj.
amazed 感到惊讶的 adj.
Researchers (analyzing word-of-mouth communication) — e-mails, Web posts and reviews,
face-to-face conversations— found (that it tended) (to be more positive) (than negative)(消极的), but (that
didn’t necessarily mean) (people preferred positive news). Was positive news shared more often (simply
because people experienced more good things) (than bad things) (To test) (for that possibility), Dr.Berger
looked (at how people spread a particular set of news stories): thousands of articles (on The New York
Times’ website). He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list (for six months). One (of his
first findings) was (that articles) (in the science section) were much more likely (to make the list) (than
non-science articles). He found (that science amazed Times’ readers and made them) (want) (to share this
positive feeling) (with others).
研究人员/研究口语交流（如电子邮件、网上帖子或评论、面对面对话等）的/发现/说它们倾向于
/是更积极而不是消极，但是那并不必意味着/人们更喜欢积极的新闻。是否积极的新闻被分享更经常/
仅仅因为人们经历更多好事情/比坏事情？去测试/为了那个可能性，B 博士看/着人们怎样传播一套特
定的新闻故事：成千的文章/在那个纽约时报的网站上。他和一个宾州同事分析了哪些“最被邮件（转
发）”的列表/过了六个月。他的最早的发现中的一个/是/说/文章/在科学板块是更可能地/去列入这个
表格/比非科学文章。他发现/说/科学使时报的读者惊讶并且让他们/想要/去分享这个积极感觉/跟其他
人。【网上更易传播积极文章，特别是科学方面】
inspire 启发 v.
anger 愤怒 n.
anxiety 焦虑 n.
merely 仅仅 adv.
leave + sb. + adj.使得某人怎样
prefer A to B 更喜欢 A 相对于 B
contagious* 蔓延的 adj.
catch on 流行 v.
Readers also tended (to share articles) (that were exciting or funny), or (that inspired negative feelings)
(like anger or anxiety), but not articles (that left them merely sad). They needed (to be aroused)(激发) (one
way or the other), and they preferred good news (to bad). The more positive an article, the more likely (it
was to be shared), (as Dr.Berger explains) (in his new book), “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
读者也倾向于/去分享文章/它们是令人兴奋的和有趣的，或者/它们启发消极的感觉/如愤怒和焦
虑，但是不是文章/它们仅仅使得他们悲伤。他们需要被激发/以一种或其他的方式，然后他们更喜欢
好消息/相对于坏的。一篇文章越积极，它就越容易被分享，正如 B 博士解释的/在他的新书，“蔓延：
为什么有的东西流行？”。【人们喜欢找刺激，越积极的文章越容易分享】
32.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to
A.News reports.
B.Research papers.
C.Private e-mails.
D.Daily conversations.
33.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer
33
A.They’re socially inactive.
B.They’re good at telling stories.
C.They’re inconsiderate of others.
D.They’re careful with their words.
34.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr.Berger’s research
A.Sports news.
B.Science articles.
C.Personal accounts.
D.Financial reviews.
35.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B.Online News Attracts More People
C.Reading Habits Change with the Times
D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
全国 II 卷 A 篇
【原文回顾】
Passage 9
What’s On

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