资源简介 M11语法和知识点笔记语法归纳-祈使句1.祈使句概念祈使句是用来表达请求、禁止、命令、劝告、建议,希望等意义的句子。2.祈使句的主要特点1)祈使句的主语“you”一般省略2)以动词原形开头,无数和时态的变化3)祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t4)在开头的动词原形前加Do(务必)或Always(永远),表示强调。5)有时为了表示更委婉的语气,可在句首或句尾加上please,如果加在句尾,前面用逗号隔开。3.祈使句的类型(1)肯定形式Do型:动词原形(+宾语+其他).Listen!听Open the door, please!请把门打开。Be型:Be动词+adj.(+其他).Be quiet! 安静!Let型: Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)Let me help you!让我帮你吧!(2)否定形式Don’t 型:Don’t +动词原形+其他Don’t be late for school. 上学不要迟到。No型:No+v.-ing / 名词复数No parking. 禁止停车。No photos. 禁止拍照。拓展:祈使句的反意疑问句以Let’s开头的祈使句,反义疑问句常用shall we。(“我们”包括听话者在内)Let’s go swimming, shall we 让我们去游泳,好吗?不以Let’s开头的祈使句,反义疑问句常用will you。Let us go to the park, will you 让我们去公园,好吗?(“我们”不包括听话者在内)【即学即练】____ come in, please.A. Will B. Do C. Won't D. Did2.John, ____ on the TV. Let’s watch the football match.A. Turn B.Turning C. To turn D.Turns3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go swimming, ____ A. won’t we B. will you C. don’t we D. shall we4. Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ____ A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you5.He is not honest. ______ believe him.A. Not B. Don’t C. To not D. Not to6. me a chance and I’ll bring you a surprise.A. Give B. Giving C. Gives D. To give7.Tom, play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car.A. do B.don’t C. must D. mustn’tU1shake hands:握手shake hands with sb.:和某人握手I often shake hands with my friends. 我经常和我朋友握手。2.time:1)不可数名词,意为“时间”That will take a lot of time. 那将花费很多时间。2)可数名词,意为“次数”,三次及三次以上用“基数词+times”My mother goes shopping three times a week. 我妈妈每周去购物三次。3.smile:v./n.微笑smile at sb.:对某人微笑She smiled at me and waved. 她对我笑着挥挥手。She had a big smile on her face.她脸上有大大的微笑。4.only:1)副词,意为“只有;只是”Only you can help me. 只有你能帮助我。2)形容词,意为“唯一的,仅有的”,作定语He is the only boy in our class. 他是我们班唯一的男孩。5.that’s because...:那是因为......(+原因)拓展:that’s why...:那就是为什么....(+结果)He was late for school this morning, That’s because he got up late.他今天早上迟到了,那是因为他起晚了。He got up late this morning, that’s why he was late for school.他今天早上起晚了,那就是为什么他迟到了。6.hug:1)动词,意为“拥抱”,hug sb. 拥抱某人2)名词,意为“拥抱”,give sb. a hug 给某人一个拥抱I give my mother a hug every day. 我每天都给妈妈一个拥抱。7.each other:相互;彼此拓展:each作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。We should learn from each other. 我们应该相互学习。Each student has an apple.每个学生都有一个苹果。8.put...together:把......放在一起Let’s put them together.让我们把他们放在一起。拓展:get together:聚会;聚集We get together once a week. 我们一周聚一次。U21.around the world=all over the world 全世界;世界各地2.arrive:不及物动词,意为“到达”1)arrive in+大地点(国家,城市等)We will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow. 明天我们将抵达上海。2)arrive at+小地点(车站,机场,村镇等)We arrived at the airport at 6 o’clock yesterday.昨天我们六点钟到的机场。3.talk to /with:交流;交谈I often talk with my friends.我经常和朋友交流。4.close to... :靠近......5.arm in arm:臂挽臂地We are walking happily arm in arm.我们正臂挽臂地快乐地走着。拓展:hand in hand 手拉手 side by side 肩并肩face to face 面对面 heart to heart 心比心6.move:1) 不及物动词,意为“移动”move away 移动;离开My best friend moved away when I was ten. 我十岁时我最好的朋友搬走了。2)及物动词,“搬动;搬家;走(棋)”We move a table together. 我们一起搬桌子。7.not...at all:一点儿也不......(not位于实义动词之前),at all 放在句末。I don’t like Maths at all. 我一点儿也不喜欢数学。8.It isn’t polite to look at people when you talk.(教材)交谈时看着对方是不礼貌的。1)句子结构解析:It is /was+形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是......样的。在此句型中it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式。It is very easy for me to learn English.对我来说学英语非常简单。(划线部分为真正主语)2)be polite to sb.:对某人有礼貌9.somewhere:副词,意为“某处;某个地方”,一般用在肯定句中,形容词修饰somewhere时,放在somewhere之后。I want to go somewhere cool to take a vacation.我想去一个凉爽的地方度假。10.wave to sb.:向某人挥手The teacher waved to the students to say goodbye at the airport.在机场老师向学生们挥手告别。11.say goodbye to sb.:向某人道别Don’t forget to say goodbye to us before you leave here.你离开这儿之前,别忘了向我们道别。12.in fact:事实上;实际上In fact, I don’t know her.事实上我不认识她。13.be rude to sb.:对某人无礼;对某人粗鲁Don’t be so rude to your father. 不要对你爸爸如此粗鲁。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览