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2023届高考英语三轮复习·冲刺押题
外刊阅读理解训练30
——改编自The Guardian view on European migration policy: a cruel, myopic shambles
【文章】
This week, 24 volunteers from NGOs were on trial in Greece due to their assistance given to migrants fleeing the Syrian civil war in 2015-16. They faced charges relating to accessing Greek coastguard radio channels and illicitly entering restricted zones on Lesbos, where at least 22 migrants died in October attempting the crossing from Turkey. Most charges were dropped on procedural grounds, but the organisation they worked for no longer operates in Lesbos due to their draconian treatment. The harsh treatment of migrants in Europe continues to increase, and the absence of a refugee-sharing mechanism among member states is leading to ever more illegal pushbacks and border crises.
As the number of irregular migrants rises in Europe, history will judge this approach as a practical and moral failure. The 21st-century challenges posed by global migration and demographic change will not be met by brutally battening down the hatches. Demographic changes and increasing migration from the global south cannot be stopped by such attitudes. As poorer countries grow younger, Europe will continue to age, and its need for migrant labor will become even more pressing. These “mega-trends” require a response that goes beyond cynically co-opting the xenophobic agenda of radical-right parties.
In the Arctic town of Kiruna, Sweden, climate refugees and migrant issues are being discussed. The Swedish government is pushing the idea of limiting trade access for countries that fail to cooperate with reducing the flow of their citizens across European borders. However, it isn't clear if meaningful progress on an EU-wide migration pact, first proposed two years ago, will be made during the six-month presidency.
Migration is an issue where leaders can win or lose elections in virtually every member state. Post-crash, politicians have linked blue-collar economic insecurity to immigration, making the issue even more contentious. European leaders need to address the bigger picture that includes the creation of proper legal routes for migration and the delivery of far greater economic assistance that goes beyond Europe's borders. Although the conversation is necessary, it is not likely to happen during Sweden’s EU presidency.
【重点词汇&词组】
this week [ s wi k] n. 本周
volunteers [ v l n t (r)z] n. 志愿者
NGOs [en d i z] n. 非政府组织
migrants [ ma ɡr nts] n. 移民
Syrian civil war [ s ri n s vl w (r)] n. 叙利亚内战
fleeing [fli ] v. 逃离
charges [ t ɑ d z] n. 控告
accessing [ k ses ] v. 访问
coastguard [ k stɡɑ d] n. 海岸警卫队
illicitly [ l s tli] adv. 违法地
restricted [r str kt d] adj. 受限制的
zones [z nz] n. 区域
Lesbos [ lezb s] n. 莱斯博斯岛（希腊东北部一座岛屿）
migrants [ ma ɡr nts] n. 移民
draconian [dr k ni n] adj. 极其严厉的
harsh [hɑ ] adj. 严酷的
refugee [ refju d i ] n. 难民
member states [ memb (r) ste ts] n. 成员国
illegal [ li ɡl] adj. 非法的
pushbacks [ p b ks] n. 拒绝入境
border crises [ b d (r) kra si z] n. 边境危机
irregular migrants [ reɡj l (r) ma ɡr nts] n. 非法移民
history [ h st ri] n. 历史
moral [ m r l] adj. 道德的
failure [ fe lj (r)] n. 失败
21st-century [ twenti-f (r)st senti-] adj. 21世纪的
global [ ɡl bl] adj. 全球的
migration [ma ɡre n] n. 迁徙
demographic [ dem ɡr f k] adj. 人口统计学的
change [t e nd ] n. 变化
brutally [ bru t li] adv. 野蛮地
battening down the hatches [ b tn da n i h t z] v. 关闭大门
poorer countries [ p r (r) k ntriz] n. 贫穷的国家
growing younger [ ɡr j ɡ (r)] 变得更年轻
migrant labor [ ma ɡr nt le b (r)] n. 移民劳工
pressing [ pres ] adj. 迫切的
mega-trends [ meɡ -trends] n. 大趋势
response [r sp ns] n. 响应
cynically [ s n kli] adv. 愤世嫉俗地
co-opting [k pt ] v. 吸收
xenophobic [zen f b k] adj. 仇外的
agenda [ d end ] n. 议程
radical-right parties [ r d kl-ra t pɑ tiz] n. 极右政党
Arctic town [ ɑ kt k ta n] n. 北极城镇
Kiruna [k ru n ] n. 基伦纳（瑞典北部城市）
climate refugees [ kla m t refju d i z] n. 气候难民
discussed [d s k st] v. 讨论
Swedish government [ swi d ɡ v nm nt] n. 瑞典政府
limiting trade [ l m t tre d] 限制贸易
cooperate [k p re t] v. 合作
meaningful progress [ mi n f l pr ɡres] 有意义的进步
EU-wide [ i ju wa d] adj. 欧洲范围内的
migration pact [ma ɡre n p kt] n. 移民协议
made [me d] v. 变得
presidency [ prez d nsi] n. 总统职位
leaders [ li d z] n. 领导人
win or lose elections [w n lu z lek nz] 赢得或失去选举
virtually [ v t u li] adv. 实际上
post-crash [p st-kr ] adj. 发生事故后的
politicians [ p l t nz] n. 政治家
blue-collar economic insecurity [blu k l r i k n m k ns kj r ti] n. 蓝领经济不安全
legal routes [ li ɡl ru ts] n. 合法途径
economic assistance [ i k n m k s st ns] n. 经济援助
bigger picture [ b ɡ p kt (r)] n. 大局
delivery [d l v ri] n. 提供
borders [ b d z] n. 边界
【阅读理解习题】
1. Why were the volunteers from NGOs on trial in Greece
A. They entered restricted zones illegally on Lesbos.
B. They assisted migrants fleeing the Syrian civil war.
C. They accessed Greek coastguard radio channels.
D. All of the above.
Answer: D
解析：文章提到，这些NGO的志愿者们帮助逃离叙利亚内战的移民，但被控非法进入莱斯博斯的限制区，并访问希腊海岸警卫队的收音机频道。因此选择D。
2. What was the outcome of the trial for the NGO volunteers
A. Most charges were dropped on procedural grounds.
B. They were all found guilty and received harsh punishments.
C. They were acquitted of all charges.
D. The trial is still ongoing, and no verdict has been reached.
Answer: A
解析：文章提到，大多数指控是在程序上被驳回的，没有说明他们是否被全部宣判无罪，因此选择A。
3. According to the passage, why does Europe need migrant labor
A. To address demographic changes.
B. To meet the challenges of climate change.
C. To cope with the global financial crisis.
D. To support radical-right parties.
Answer: A
解析：文章指出，随着欧洲非法移民数量的增加，欧洲需要移民来缓解人口老龄化问题，因为穷国的人口更年轻，而欧洲会继续衰老，也更需要移民劳动力。因此选择A。
4. Why does the author argue that battening down the hatches is not an effective response to migration
A. It is morally wrong to close borders to migrants.
B. Demographic changes cannot be stopped by border controls.
C. Radical-right parties have their own xenophobic agenda.
D. All of the above.
Answer: B
解析：文章指出，关闭国境并不能解决移民问题，因为从全球南方的移民和人口增长这些“大趋势”无法通过这种态度来停止。因此选择B。
5. What is the Swedish government's proposal for reducing the flow of citizens across European borders
A. Restricting trade access for non-cooperating countries.
B. Providing economic assistance beyond Europe's borders.
C. Creating legal routes for migration.
D. Co-opting the radical-right parties' agenda.
Answer: A
解析：根据文章，瑞典政府提出了限制那些未能合作减少其公民进入欧洲的国家在贸易上的接触的想法。因此选择A。
6. Why isn't it likely that the EU-wide migration pact will be made during Sweden's presidency
A. Because Sweden is not a member state of the EU.
B. Because there are many conflicting interests among member states.
C. Because Sweden does not prioritize migrant issues.
D. Because the Swedish presidency only lasts six months.
Answer: B
解析：文章提到，欧盟需要使适当的法律路径改变迁移，并提供超越欧洲边界之外的更多经济援助，但要达成一项共同的合议协议充满挑战，并不可能在瑞典担任欧盟主席期间完成。因此选择B。
7. Why is migration a contentious issue in European politics
A. Because politicians link immigration to blue-collar economic insecurity.
B. Because migrant labor is not needed in Europe.
C. Because the creation of legal routes for migration is too expensive.
D. Because radical-right parties are too active in European politics.
Answer: A
解析：文章提到，冲突和移民问题使领导人可以在几乎每个成员国赢得或输掉选举。政治家们把蓝领阶层的经济不安全感与移民联系起来，使这个问题变得更加争议。因此选择A。
8. What is the author's main argument in this passage
A. The harsh treatment of migrants in Europe continues to increase, and leaders need to create legal routes for migration and deliver greater economic assistance that goes beyond Europe's borders.
B. Demographic changes and increasing migration from the global south
【全文逐句对照翻译】
本周，来自非政府组织的24名志愿者在希腊受审，原因是他们在2015年至2016年期间帮助逃离叙利亚内战的移民。
This week, 24 volunteers from NGOs were on trial in Greece due to their assistance given to migrants fleeing the Syrian civil war in 2015-16.
他们面临的指控涉及进入希腊海岸警卫队的广播频道，以及非法进入莱斯沃斯岛的禁区。去年10月，至少有22名移民在试图从土耳其越境时死亡。
They faced charges relating to accessing Greek coastguard radio channels and illicitly entering restricted zones on Lesbos, where at least 22 migrants died in October attempting the crossing from Turkey.
大多数指控都因程序上的原因被撤销，但由于他们的严酷待遇，他们工作的组织不再在莱斯沃斯岛运作。
Most charges were dropped on procedural grounds, but the organisation they worked for no longer operates in Lesbos due to their draconian treatment.
在欧洲，移民受到的恶劣待遇持续增加，而成员国之间缺乏难民共享机制，正导致越来越多的非法遣返和边境危机。
The harsh treatment of migrants in Europe continues to increase, and the absence of a refugee-sharing mechanism among member states is leading to ever more illegal pushbacks and border crises.
随着欧洲非正规移民数量的增加，历史将判定这种做法在实践和道德上都是失败的。
As the number of irregular migrants rises in Europe, history will judge this approach as a practical and moral failure.
全球移民和人口结构变化带来的21世纪挑战，不可能靠残酷的压制来应对。
The 21st-century challenges posed by global migration and demographic change will not be met by brutally battening down the hatches.
这种态度无法阻止人口结构的变化和来自全球南方的日益增多的移民。
Demographic changes and increasing migration from the global south cannot be stopped by such attitudes.
随着贫穷国家的年轻化，欧洲将继续老龄化，对移民劳动力的需求将变得更加迫切。
As poorer countries grow younger, Europe will continue to age, and its need for migrant labor will become even more pressing.
这些“大趋势”要求我们做出回应，而不是玩世不恭地采纳极右翼政党的仇外议程。
These “mega-trends” require a response that goes beyond cynically co-opting the xenophobic agenda of radical-right parties.
在瑞典的北极小镇基律纳，人们正在讨论气候难民和移民问题。
In the Arctic town of Kiruna, Sweden, climate refugees and migrant issues are being discussed.
瑞典政府正在推动一种想法，即限制那些不合作减少其公民跨越欧洲边境的国家的贸易准入。
The Swedish government is pushing the idea of limiting trade access for countries that fail to cooperate with reducing the flow of their citizens across European borders.
不过，目前尚不清楚在为期六个月的欧盟轮值主席国任期内，欧盟范围内的移民协议是否会取得有意义的进展。该协议是两年前首次提出的。
However, it isn't clear if meaningful progress on an EU-wide migration pact, first proposed two years ago, will be made during the six-month presidency.
几乎每个成员国的领导人都可以在选举中赢得或输掉移民问题。
Migration is an issue where leaders can win or lose elections in virtually every member state.
金融危机后，政客们将蓝领阶层的经济不安全感与移民联系在一起，使这个问题更具争议性。
Post-crash, politicians have linked blue-collar economic insecurity to immigration, making the issue even more contentious.
欧洲领导人需要解决更大的问题，包括为移民创造适当的合法途径，以及向欧洲以外的地区提供更多的经济援助。
European leaders need to address the bigger picture that includes the creation of proper legal routes for migration and the delivery of far greater economic assistance that goes beyond Europe's borders.
尽管对话是必要的，但不太可能在瑞典担任欧盟轮值主席国期间进行。
Although the conversation is necessary, it is not likely to happen during Sweden’s EU presidency.

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